稻瘟病菌不同拼接版本基因组序列差异性比较

为了明确稻瘟病菌不同拼接版本基因组序列的差异,促进合理利用不同拼接版本基因组序列,比较了不同版本稻瘟病菌基因组数据库微卫星序列的分布情况,功能基因的位置及长度差异,SSR引物的位置差异等。结果表明,不同基因组数据库在序列长度上差异明显,功能基因的位置、SSR引物位置和SSR核苷酸重复类型数量也差异明显。无毒基因Avr-Pizt连锁标记比较分析表明Avr-Pizt基因定位在不同数据库中差别明显。不同稻瘟病菌数据库中,第7染色体的序列与其上的BAC序列之间差异显著,虽然这不影响功能基因的分析,但影响无毒基因图位克隆的定位区间的判断。因此,稻瘟病菌研究者应根据实际情况选择相应的数据库。     

利用重组自交系定位棉花第22染色体短臂的纤维品质性状的QTL

 以TM-1的染色体片段代换系CSB22sh和TM-1杂交,构建了包含104个家系的重组自交系（RILs）群体。利用74对具有多态性位点的引物进行检测,构建了包含61个多态性位点,长度为76.93 cM的遗传图谱,平均标记间距离1.26 cM。利用此遗传图谱结合重组自交系群体4个环境下的5个纤维品质性状进行QTL定位,共定位出12个QTLs,解释性状表型变异的2.45%～21.11%;在1,2,3,4个环境中同时检测到的QTLs分别有9,1,1,1个。而利用4个环境平均值进行联合分析定位出个4个QTLs,纤维长度和纤维整齐度的QTLs均为2个,解释性状表型变异的14.37%～19.97%,并且纤维长度和整齐度的QTL在相同的位置。多环境下检测到的QTL可能对标记辅助选择有实际应用价值。     

Construction of high-density SNP genetic maps and QTL mapping for dwarf-related traits in Litchi chinensis Sonn

Litchi chinensis Sonn is widely cultivated in subtropical regions and has an important economic value. A high-density genetic map is a valuable tool for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker-assisted breeding programs. In this study, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based high-density linkage map was constructed by a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) protocol using an F₁ population of 178 progenies between two commercial litchi cultivars, ‘Ziniangxi’ (dwarf) and ‘Feizixiao’ (vigorous). The genetic map consisted of 3027 SNP markers with a total length of 1711.97 cM in 15 linkage groups (LGs) and an average marker distance of 0.57 cM. Based on this high-density linkage map and three years of phenotyping, a total of 37 QTLs were detected for eight dwarf-related traits, including length of new branch (LNB), diameter of new branch (DNB), length of common petiole (LCP), diameter of common petiole (DCP), length of internode (LI), length of single leaf (LSL), width of single leaf (WSL), and plant height (PH). These QTLs could explain 8.0 to 14.7% (mean=9.7%) of the phenotypic variation. Among them, several QTL clusters were observed, particularly on LG04 and LG11, which might show enrichment for genes regulating the dwarf-related traits in litchi. There were 126 candidate genes identified within the QTL regions, 55 of which are differentially expressed genes by RNA-seq analysis between ‘Ziniangxi’ and ‘Feizixiao’. These DEGs were found to participate in the regulation of cell development, material transportation, signal transduction, and plant morphogenesis, so they might play important roles in regulating plant dwarf-related traits. The high-density genetic map and QTLs identification related to dwarf traits can provide a valuable genetic resource and a basis for marker-assisted selection and genomic studies of litchi.     

半滑舌鳎3D-BAC池构建及性别连锁标记的物理定位

半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)属于雌配子异形染色体性别决定机制(ZW/ZZ),其W染色体包含的大量重复序列阻碍了W染色体序列的精确组装.目前只有物理图谱可以有效地解决由重复序列所造成的组装难题.本研究在已有物理图谱和遗传图谱的基础上,利用3D(three-dimensional)-BAC(bacterial artificial chromosome)池构建和PCR筛选策略进行了性别连锁标记的物理定位.首先将所选44个384孔板的BAC克隆进行接种和预培养,再接种到4个96孔深孔板中.将每两个384孔微孔板的BAC克隆分别汇集获得相应的板池、行池和列池,在提取DNA后,再将相应板池的部分DNA混合得到超级池.最终构建的3D-BAC池,共包括22个超级池和440个基池,覆盖半滑舌鳎基因组4.2倍,完成一个阳性超级池的基池筛选只需24个反应(20个BAC基池和4个对照).然后选用159个半滑舌鳎性别连锁标记对这些克隆池进行两步PCR筛选.在对超级池的筛选中,有142个标记获得阳性扩增.对这些阳性超级池进行基池筛选后,最终有100个标记得到准确定位.定位到半滑舌鳎物理图谱的84个重叠群(contigs)和20个单个克隆(singletons)上,共计1 760个克隆,包含有21 927个共享条带,物理长度为42.4Mb,覆盖半滑舌鳎基因组约5.3％;确定一个定位关系(contig与标记之间的)平均使用了2.2个克隆.在这些标记中,有17个同时定位到了两个或两个以上的contigs上,有11个标记同时定位到contigs和singletons上.另外有19个contigs定位了2个或2个以上标记.这些性别连锁标记的物理定位将有助于半滑舌鳎性染色体基因组序列的精确组装.     

专利视角下我国物流产业冷链技术发展预测

为了了解我国物流产业冷链技术的发展现状,利用专利管理地图研究专利申请数量和专利类型的趋势、专利地域和专利权人的分布,分析比较了多种基于专利的技术预测方法,利用专利定量测度方法预测技术成熟度.研究结果揭示了冷链物流的技术生命周期阶段和发展态势,并从冷链技术创新、企业专利策略和行业规划布局方面提出技术指导和政策建议.     

航空摄影测量技术在高标准基本农田建设项目中的应用研究

高标准基本农田建设是我国“十二五”土地整治的重要目标,是提高耕地质量的重要措施.高标准基本农田建设项目要求质量高,时间紧,如何在短时间内完成规划设计工作是困扰设计单位的重要难题,尤其是项目区现状图的测绘和踏勘工作往往会消耗大量的时间.该研究介绍了高标准基本农田建设项目的地形图测绘要求,并详细探讨了航空摄影测量方法在重大土地整治项目中的应用.     

烟台市林地“一张图”建设发展回顾与展望

阐述烟台市林地“一张图”从初建到规范管理的发展历程,详细介绍林地“一张图”在建设、修正完善、林地年度变更各阶段的技术方法。烟台市林地“一张图”的建设,建立了适用于地方区划的监测系统,培养锻炼了一批复合型技术人员,其时效性和准确性逐年稳步提高,实用性逐年增强。将林地“一张图”与第三次国土调查成果进行融合构建自然资源“一张图”势在必行。藉此,提出统一自然资源区划界线,整合建立自然资源信息管理系统,完善自然资源监测机制和保障体系等建议。     

Identification of different potential production areas for corn in Italy through multitemporal yield map analysis

In order to optimize production factors, farmer has to know production variability and its origin at both the farm level and the field level. Improving Nitrogen management for cereal crops, which need high amounts of the element during the whole production cycle requires, as precision agriculture states, that within-field variability is accurately identified and interpreted. This is particularly difficult in those situations where agronomically significant variability is detected and even in small fields, as is generally the situation in some European countries.     

玉米分子遗传图谱的构建

以R15(抗)和Ye478(感)为亲本配制F2分离群体并以该群体为作图群体。利用778对SSR引物对亲本R15、Ye478之间的多态性进行了检测,筛选出159对多态性SSR引物用于F2群体分析。利用这159对(20.4%)多态性标记构建玉米的遗传连锁图谱,其中有9个SSR标记没连锁上。其余150个标记分布于玉米的10条染色体上,覆盖玉米基因组1775.7cM,标记间平均距离为11.8cM。