家鸡冠型性状的微卫星标记连锁分析

 【目的】构建具有冠型性状记录的鸡F2资源群的2号染色体连锁图谱,并结合表型分析对调控鸡冠型性状的基因进行初步定位。【方法】通过测交选择豆冠冠型基因型纯合的吐鲁番斗公鸡2只和玫瑰冠冠型基因型纯合的玫瑰冠母鸡6只为亲本,采用F2代试验设计建立F2代资源群436只,参考EL（East Lansing）家系的遗传连锁图谱,在鸡2号染色体上筛选14对微卫星标记,运用MapMaker/EXP3.0软件初步构建此家系2号染色体遗传连锁图谱,同时运用LOD记分法进行鸡的冠型基因连锁分析。【结果】经χ2检验,F2资源群冠型分化比例符合经典孟德尔遗传学的独立分离规律。在连锁分析中除MCW0157外,其余13个微卫星标记均能连锁,所构建的鸡2号染色体连锁图谱与EL家系的遗传连锁图谱相似。【结论】鸡2号染色体上MCW0082位点与玫瑰冠冠型基因可能存在连锁。     

QTL Analysis of the Oil Content and the Hull Content in Brassica napus L.

The QTLs of the oil content and the hull content were analyzed in Brassica napus L. By constructing the linkage map. The F26 RIL population with 188 lines, derived from the cross of GH06 × P147, was used as the mapping population. The SRAP, SSR, AFLP, and TRAP markers were used to construct the linkage map, and the composite interval mapping (CIM) to identify the quantitative trait loci associated with the oil content and the hull content. 300 markers were integrated into 19 linkage groups, covering 1 248.5 cM in total. Seven QTLs were found to be responsible for the oil content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 3.73 to 10.46%; four QTLs were found for the hull content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 4.89 to 6.84%. The yellow-seeded Brassica napus L. Has the advantage of higher oil content and the hull content has a significant effect on the oil content. In addition, the SRAP marker is good for detecting QTL.     

黄瓜分子标记研究进展

从亲缘关系及遗传多样性、分子遗传图谱构建、基因定位以及分子标记辅助选择等4个方面对近年来在黄瓜分子标记研究工作取得的进展进行了综述,同时探讨了今后发展方向。     

小麦EST-SSR标记的开发和遗传作图

【目的】利用小麦EST序列数据库开发EST-SSR标记。【方法】对GenBank/dbEST注册的普通小麦EST序列(2006.4.18—2007.2.4)进行SSR查找,采用Primer5.0软件设计EST-SSR引物,选用3个小麦品种进行有效性检测,利用RIL群体和Mapmaker/Exp3.0软件进行遗传作图。【结果】在265362条普通小麦EST序列中,共发现6314个SSR,占整个EST数据库的2.38%。其中二核苷酸、三核苷酸重复序列最多,分别为2237(35.43%)和2084(33.01%)个。二核苷酸重复中,以GA/CT和AG/TC出现频率最高、分别占SSR总数的17.85%和10.37%,其次是CA/GT(4.07%)和AC/TG(2.53%);三核苷酸重复中,CAA/GTT(3.93%)、CGG/GCC(3.83%)、CGC/GCG(3.36%)、GGC/CCG(3.14%)、CTT/GAA(2.53%)、TGC/ACG(2.27%)以较高的频率出现。根据筛选得到的微卫星序列共设计了596个EST-SSR引物对,选择其中95分以上的194个合成。PCR检测表明,165个引物对(85%)可以扩增出稳定清晰的带型;在RIL群体中检测到21个EST-SSR引物26个位点有多态性,将其中的23个位点整合到已有的小麦遗传图谱上。【结论】开发了165个小麦EST-SSR新标记,EST序列是小麦SSR标记的重要来源。     

一个谷子新抗锈基因的AFLP标记

【目的】研究谷子抗源的抗锈遗传规律,寻找和定位与谷子抗锈基因连锁的分子标记,为谷子抗锈病基因的定位、克隆和抗病育种等研究奠定基础。【方法】用谷子锈菌单胞菌系93-5接种十里香和豫谷1号及杂交后代F1、F2进行抗锈鉴定,并根据鉴定结果构建抗、感基因池;利用AFLP技术筛选128对EcoRⅠ/MseⅠ引物组合,从中寻找和定位与谷子抗锈基因连锁的分子标记;根据AFLP分析结果进行抗锈基因连锁分析并进行SCAR标记转化。【结果】根据十里香×豫谷1号杂交后代F2群体(131株)抗感谷锈病分离比例,确定十里香抗锈性由显性单基因控制。筛选获得3个与谷子抗锈基因Rusi1(暂命名)连锁的AFLP分子标记,经计算标记与该抗锈基因的遗传距离分别为7.4、9.2和27.4cM。将3个标记片段回收、克隆和测序,成功地将AFLP标记E+CTT/M+TAC-256转化为SCAR标记。初步构建了谷子抗锈基因Rusi1的遗传连锁图谱。【结论】谷子十里香抗锈性由显性单基因控制,Rusi1是一个新发现的谷子抗锈基因。     

鲤遗传连锁图谱的构建

利用JoinMap 4.0软件包,以德国镜鲤选育系为祖父母所培育的自交F2群体的68个个体为作图群体,首次以新型分子标记单核苷酸多态性(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism,SNP)为主要作图标记,以微卫星(Simple Sequence Repeats,SSR)和表达序列标签(Expressed Sequence Tag,EST)为辅助标记,采用CP(CrossPollinators)模型构建鲤的遗传连锁图谱。构建的遗传连锁图谱含有560个标记(174个SSR标记、41个EST-SSR标记和345个SNP标记),分布在50个连锁群上,最大连锁群由60个标记组成,最小连锁群仅含2个标记,平均每个连锁群有11.2个标记。最大连锁群的图距为198.1厘摩(centimorgan,cM),最小的连锁群图距为1.5 cM,图谱总图距为3 295.92 cM,标记间平均间距为7.21 cM,图谱覆盖率为76.26%。构建的图谱为中等密度的遗传连锁图谱可为进一步的鲤相关经济性状的QTL定位研究和分子标记辅助选择育种(MAS)打下基础。研究亮点:首次以新型分子标记SNP为主要作图标记并以SSR标记为...     

SSR分子标记在苹果研究中的应用

SSR(simple sequence repeat)分子标记是以聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术为基础的共显性分子标记,也称为微卫星标记(microsatellite markers),其具有多态性高、通用性好、易检测且操作简单等优点,已被较多应用于苹果的品种鉴定、遗传多样性分析以及遗传图谱构建和基因定位等方面。就以上方面对苹果中SSR分子标记的应用进行概述并提出SSR分子标记在未来苹果中的研究重点和方向。     

QTL Mapping for Dough Mixing Characteristics in a Recombinant Inbred Population Derived from a Waxy × Strong Gluten Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Protein and starch are the most important traits in determining processing quality in wheat. In order to understand the genetic basis of the influence of Waxy protein (Wx) and high molecular weight gluten subunit (HMW-GS) on processing quality, 256 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of waxy wheat Nuomai 1 and Gaocheng 8901 were used as mapping population. DArT (diversity arrays technology), SSR (simple sequence repeat), HMW-GS, and Wx markers were used to construct the molecular genetic linkage map. QTLs for mixing peak time (MPT), mixing peak value (MPV), mixing peak width (MPW), and mixing peak integral (MPI) of Mixograph parameters were evaluated in three different environments. The genetic map comprised 498 markers, including 479 DArT, 14 SSR, 2 HMW-GS, and 3 Wx protein markers, covering 4 229.7 cM with an average distance of 9.77 cM. These markers were identified on 21 chromosomes. Eighteen additive QTLs were detected in three different environments, which were distributed on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 4A, 6A, and 7D. QMPT-1D.1 and QMPT-1D.2 were close to the Glu-D1 marker accounting for 35.2, 22.22 and 36.57% of the phenotypic variance in three environments, respectively. QMPV-1D and QMPV-4A were detected in all environments, and QMPV-4A was the nearest to Wx-B1. One minor QTL, QMPI-1A, was detected under three environments with the genetic distances of 0.9 cM from the nearest marker Glu-A1, explaining from 5.31 to 6.67% of the phenotypic variance. Three pairs of epistatic QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2D and 4A. Therefore, this genetic map is very important and useful for quality trait related QTL mapping in wheat. In addition, the finding of several major QTLs, based on the genetic analyses, further suggested the importance of Glu-1 loci on dough mixing characteristics.     

主要水产养殖动物QTL定位的研究现状

数量性状是一个多世纪以来遗传学研究的主要对象之一,因为它是许多重要作物,畜牧和人类的重要性状。最早的工作是在孟德尔定律重新发现之前由Galton[1]开展的。但长期以来,开展数量性状研究主要借助于统计学手段。20世纪80年代,尤其是90年代以来,RFLP,RAPD,AFLP,微卫星,SNP等DN