水稻遥感估产信息系统中地图数据库的建立

文中重点介绍了地图数据库的内容和数据结构,着重研究了地图数据库的建立及其应用。结果表明,地图数据库可为水稻遥感估产的各个环节提供各种专题信息,是水稻遥感估产信息系统不可缺少的组成部分。     

利用RAPD 标记和种间杂交组合构建葡萄的分子标记连锁图谱

 利用随机扩增多态性DNA (RAPD) 在一个葡萄的种间杂交组合〔毛葡萄8324296 (Vitis quinquangularis) ×欧洲葡萄粉红玫瑰(V. vinifera) 〕的F1 群体中发展分子标记,共产生了89 个稳定的RAPD 标记,连同4 个形态标记(花型、霜霉病抗性、果皮颜色、果汁颜色) 构建了一个葡萄RAPD分子连锁图。该图覆盖基因组总长度为1 033 cM,标记间平均距离为17.8 cM, 为毛葡萄连锁图谱的构建提供了一个连锁框架。     

Occurrence and distribution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora</Emphasis> species in European chestnut stands,and their association with Ink Disease and crown decline

The Phytophthora complex associated with Castanea sativa Mill. was investigated in five European countries in 35 regions and with respect to various domestication levels. Annual precipitation and length of drought season were the main parameters that regulated the presence of Phytophthora species in the chestnut stands. Seven species of Phytophthora were detected; three of these, P. megasperma, P. cryptogea and P. syringae had not been previously reported on sweet chestnut. P. cinnamomi. P. cambivora and P. citricola were most frequently isolated. P. cinnamomi and P. cambivora were the species significantly associated with declining trees with symptoms of Ink Disease. P. cinnamomirequired distinct ecological conditions compared to the other species. P. cinnamomi was never detected in sites characterized by minimum temperatures below 1.4 °C, maximum temperature above 28 °C, or soil pH below 5.4. The results obtained provide useful information for modeling the probability of Ink Disease, crown decline and associated Phytophthora species in chestnut groves in global climatic change scenarios.     

采棉机跨区作业导航电子地图的制作

为了使采棉机跨区作业管理中的监控定位更为准确,采用Alos和TM遥感影像、商用电子地图为基本材料,通过对Alos影像进行矢量化并结合外业调查得到作业区域的交通、田块、POI等空间信息图层。同时对TM遥感影像进行监督分类,识别出棉花地块以及面积等信息,在MapInfo桌面GIS软件中对其进行整合得到作业区地图,再与商用电子地图进行图层叠加处理,最后制得高精度、要素丰富、适用于采棉机作业过程中导航定位的电子地图。该采棉机跨区作业导航电子地图使采棉机跨区作业过程中的监控定位更加准确,管理更加有效,既能适应大区域的调度,也能做小范围的作业定位和监控。因此,该采棉机跨区作业导航电子地图的制作方法为制作农业生产应用电子地图提供了技术手段。     

基于混沌和AES算法的数字图书馆数据加密方案

提出的加密方案是AES算法在数字图书馆中的应用和改进。改进的新算法采用Logistic映射初值作为种子密钥生成混沌序列,对该序列进行域值量化得到二进制密钥流,对其分组作为AES算法的初始密钥,实现了一次一密;通过用动态密码对明文修补,实现密文与明文的长度相同;通过减少加密轮次,降低其时间复杂度,从而使其在数字图书馆数据加密系统中的应用可行。计算机仿真结果验证了该算法的正确性以及密文对密钥的高度敏感性。     

白菜型油菜和菜薹的InDel 标记开发及其RILs群体遗传连锁图谱的构建

 通过白菜型油菜‘R-O-18’和菜薹‘L58’的基因组重测序数据与白菜基因组的参考序列（‘Chiifu-401-42’的基因组序列）的比对,在全基因组范围内检测到了18 479 个短插入缺失变异位点（≤5 bp）。从中挑选了500 个插入/缺失片段为4 ~ 5 bp 的InDel 变异位点,将其设计成InDel 分子标记并进行试验验证,结果有452 个标记通过PCR 扩增出单一条带,但仅有106 个在‘R-O-18’和‘L58’间表现出多态性,346 个没有多态性,48 个在PCR 中没有扩增。亲本间具有多态性的106 个InDel 标记可用来检测以‘R-O-18’和‘L58’为亲本构建的RILs 基因型,并构建了一张包含99 个标记的遗传连锁图谱。     

瓜类遗传连锁图谱构建的研究现状及比较分析

 截至目前,西瓜、黄瓜及甜瓜的全基因组测序工作已经基本完成,利用高密度饱和遗传连锁图谱将基因组序列锚定到染色体的具体位置并确定其在染色体上的方向,这为进一步开展基因组分析研究奠定了基础。本文中综述了瓜类遗传连锁图谱构建的研究现状并对遗传连锁图谱进行了比较分析。     

木工宽带砂光机噪声传播声压等值线图制作方法新探

为了提高现场测试的效率和数据的准确度,该文提出了一种基于噪声衰减原理而建立虚拟噪声源的方法.利用该方法,可以根据有限的实际测量数据,对实际测点周边的噪声值进行预测计算,绘制噪声传播线图,过程简便,结果一目了然.通过该方法计算的预测噪声值与实际值进行比较,验证了该方法的精度和可行性,比较客观地反映了区域噪声污染现状和噪声污染在区域内的变化情况,为砂光机等多噪声源的现场环境噪声测试提供了新方法     

Converting restriction fragment length polymorphism to single‐strand conformation polymorphism markers and its application in the fine mapping of a trichome gene in cotton

A well‐characterized and systematically organized collection of genetic markers is crucial in the study of any crop species. It is the basis of map‐based gene cloning and crop improvements through marker‐assisted selections. Single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) has been a robust way of discovering new polymorphisms in marker development without the requirement of sequencing. Here, we report the first approach of applying SSCP marker discovery methods in the genetic map construction and gene mapping of cotton species. A total of 80 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were selected from a region on published cotton genetic maps around the T1 gene related to cotton trichome. Among the 80 RFLPs, 28 showed polymorphisms through SSCP, showing a polymorphic rate of approximately 35%, which is much higher than that of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the same region (7.8%). By integrating these newly generated SSCP markers, a detailed genetic map was reconstructed around this region using an F₂ population derived from a cross between Gossypium arboreum and G. herboceum. The reconstructed region comprises 22 SSCP markers, eight SSR markers and the T1 gene, spanning 21.6 cM. The marker order of the new map agrees well with published reference RFLP maps. The above results suggest that SSCP method can be applied very efficiently and reliably to the marker development of cotton genomes. It will prove to be even more valuable and robust after the public release of cotton whole‐genome sequences.