Evaluation of common wheat cultivars for tan spot resistance and chromosomal location of a resistance gene in the cultivar 'Salamouni'

A total of 50 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated for resistance to tan spot, using Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis race 1 and race 5 isolates. The cultivars ‘Salamouni’, ‘Red Chief’, ‘Dashen’, ‘Empire’ and ‘Armada’ were resistant to isolate ASC1a (race 1), whereas 76% of the cultivars were susceptible. Chi‐squared analysis of the F₂ segregation data of hybrids between 20 monosomic lines of the wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ and the resistant cultivar ‘Salamouni’ revealed that tan spot resistance in ‘Salamouni’ was controlled by a single recessive gene located on chromosome 3A. This gene is designated tsn4. The resistant cultivars identified in this study are recommended for use in breeding programmes to improve tan spot resistance in common wheat.     

Identification of novel QTL for resistance to crown rot in the doubled haploid wheat population 'W21MMT70' × 'Mendos'

Crown rot (causal agent Fusarium pseudograminearum) is a fungal disease of major significance to wheat cultivation in Australia. A doubled haploid wheat population was produced from a cross between line ‘W21MMT70’, which displays partial seedling and adult plant (field) resistance to crown rot, and ‘Mendos’, which is moderately susceptible in seedling tests but partially resistant in field trials. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) based on seedling trial data did not reveal markers for crown rot resistance. A framework map was produced consisting of 128 microsatellite markers, four phenotypic markers, and one sequence tagged site marker. To this map 331 previously screened AFLP markers were then added. Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified with composite interval mapping across all of the three seedling trials conducted. These QTL are located on chromosomes 2B, 2D and 5D. The 2D and 5D QTL are inherited from the line ‘W21MMT70’, whereas the 2B QTL is inherited from ‘Mendos’. These loci are different from those associated with crown rot resistance in other wheat populations that have been examined, and may represent an opportunity for pyramiding QTL to provide more durable resistance to crown rot.     

FMDV OA/58病毒株VP1蛋白结构构建与B细胞抗原表位的预测

以口蹄疫病毒株OA/58 RNA为模板,反转录并扩增目的cDNA,然后与pGEM-T easy载体连接并转化JM109菌株,提取的重组质粒用凝胶电泳、PCR和EcoR Ⅰ酶切法鉴定.运用同源模建得到OA/58 VP1蛋白3D结构,并结合理化性质、亲水性、可塑性和免疫原性进行分析,预测OA/58 VP1的抗原表位.结果 OA/58 VP1存在多个潜在的抗原表位位点,可能的蛋白质抗原表位区域:2～11,15～35,38～50,77～88,90～107,121～125,131～135,140～149,154～163,169～175,178～189,197～213.应用同源模建得到的OA/58 VP1蛋白3D模型来预测其B细胞表位,为进一步研究OA/58 VP1功能,构建突变体和选择表达新型OA/58 VP1蛋白分子提供有参考价值的信息.     

基于B/S模式的奶牛日粮诊断系统的实现

针对现有奶牛日粮诊断过程中只考虑日粮营养组分方面的因素造成的局限性,本文首次提出了将奶牛日粮营养组分与营养代谢性病两个因素综合考虑,并以此结果对日粮配方优化设计。基于web2.0技术,采用JSP+Tomcat+MySQL架构,建立了B/S（浏览器/服务器）模式的奶牛日粮诊断系统。该系统先进实用,能有效地解决奶牛日粮配方针对性不强、难以规避奶牛营养性疾病等问题。     

荔枝采后病害的生物防治研究进展

简要介绍了国内外已筛选出的荔枝采后病害拮抗微生物的种类及其生物防治途径,并对拮抗菌的抑菌机理研究情况进行综述。同时,对我国荔枝采后病害生物防治的现状与存在的问题及今后该领域的发展方向也进行了阐述。     

盆栽叶子花规模化矮化促成生产技术研究

根据多年的生产实践,从科学育苗、栽培管理、售前处理和病虫害防治等方面综合总结了叶子花的规模化矮化促成生产技术措施：选择泥炭土、蛭石和黄沙按3:2:1比例混合均匀的扦插基质,采用半木质化当年生枝条,剪成5~10cm长的2~3叶节一段,沾染1%自制生根粉的扦插育苗较组培育苗成本低,成活率高;结合修剪用2~5g/L的多效唑进行叶面喷洒能有效控制生长,矮化植株;选择2.5~4.0的丁酰肼叶面喷洒和每天保持不多于11h 的短日照处理,能有效促进开花;销售前全株喷洒脱50mg/L NAA 可延长花期20 天左右;整个生产过程加强肥水管理、温湿度控制和环境清洁能有效防治病虫害发生。     

Standardisation of true cassava seed (TCS) programme with special emphasis on more homogeneous, CMD resistant progenies

The propagation of cassava through true seeds (sexual seeds) rather than by clones is a promising option due to its manifold advantages such as enhancing the multiplication rate, keeping the dreaded cassava mosaic disease (CMD) under check, longer seed viability, ease of storage and transport. The high genetic heterogeneity and consequent variation among seedlings is the major stumbling block in sexual propagation. In the present study, a CMD resistant exotic accession MNga-1 and a promising cultivar Ambakadan with profuse fruit setting, seed output and male sterility were identified to be promising parents for the TCS programme. The rate of sexual propagation could be more than 20-fold over the traditional clonal propagation. Seed treatment with 1% KNO₃ or 300 ppm GA promoted uniform seed germination and seedling vigour and reduced the transplanting period from 45 days after planting (DAS) to 30 DAS. Removal of taproots of seedlings while transplanting enhanced tuber development. Tuber yield of first clones (C₁) was significantly superior to that of the seedlings. The dry matter content and starch output of seedlings and first clones were comparable to that of the commercial varieties. Similarly, the HCN and cooking quality of seedlings and first clones were at acceptable levels. In the open pollinated (OP) progenies of the Ambakadan the CMD infection increased drastically due to secondary spread of the pathogen. The hybrid progenies of Ambakadan and the CMD resistant line MNga-1 revealed higher percentage of CMD free seedlings and first clonal progenies in the evaluation trials conducted at CTCRI Thiruvananthapuram and ARS, Peddapuram during 2001–2002 and 2002–2003. Nearly homogeneous hybrid population resistant to CMD could be obtained by systematic roguing at seedling and first clonal stage.     

Utilization of alien genes to enhance Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat – A review

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat worldwide. Sources of resistance to FHB are limited in wheat. Search for novel sources of effective resistance to this disease has been an urgent need in wheat breeding. Fusarium head blight resistance has been identified in relatives of wheat. Alien chromatin carrying FHB resistance genes has been incorporated into wheat through chromosome addition, substitution, and translocation. Relatives of wheat demonstrate a great potential to enhance resistance of wheat to FHB.     

甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源的研究现状

甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源是甜菜种质资源中具有褐斑病抗性基因并且能稳定传递给子代的种质资源,是甜菜抗褐斑病育种工作的物质基础,也是农业可持续发展的战略资源。甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源研究的主要内容包括对甜菜品种的收集、鉴定与评价、保存、利用以及抗性遗传基因的克隆及利用。为了使人们更加清晰的了解甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源的研究状况。本文综述了甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源的收集、鉴定与评价、保存、利用及分子方面的研究,并对我国未来种质资源的研究作出展望。以期为以后甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源的研究提供方向。     

火龙果茎腐病致病菌的鉴定

为弄清火龙果茎腐病的病原和分类地位,并进一步为该病害的有效防治提供理论依据。本研究从琼海、临高、陵水等地广泛采集病样。经田间症状调查、组织纯化培养、病原形态观察、致病力测定、真菌ITS序列和系统进化分析,鉴定了该病害的病原。结果表明:病原分离物具有典型的镰刀菌形态特征,菌丝浓密,产生紫色素,小型分生孢子新月形,大型分生孢子镰刀形,有多个隔;而在ITS序列分析中,代表菌株47A4和47A5与NCBI数据库中尖孢镰刀菌的多条ITS序列(登录号分别为KJ653447.1, DQ535184.1和KM268692.1)相似性达100%;系统进化树上,47A4和47A5与尖孢镰刀菌聚在同一分支上,遗传距离最近,而与非纯培养镰刀菌克隆3.91E在不同分支上,遗传距离远。结合形态特征、序列分析和系统进化分析,将火龙果茎腐病的病原鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。研究结果对火龙果茎腐病流行规律、致灾机理的研究具有重要的指导作用。