福建省番茄细菌性斑点病的病原鉴定

2006年在福建省闽清县种植的反季节番茄上发现一种细菌病害,从病叶和茎杆上共分离到15个细菌菌株,经柯赫氏法则证明均能在番茄上引起相同症状病害,而且从接种病株上又重新分离到了相同细菌.这15个菌株致病力均无明显差异.经革兰氏染色、培养性状、生理生化特性、16S rRNA基因序列等鉴定,确认为丁香假单胞杆菌番茄致病变种.寄主范围测定的结果表明,该病菌除侵染番茄外,人工接种尚能侵染茄子.     

吉林省烟草野火病菌群体分子多态性分析

为研究烟草野火病菌的群体遗传多样性,采用正交试验方法,对5个多态性引物(REP,ERIC,BOX,J3,IS1112)的Rep-PCR反应体系分别进行了优化,同时优化了体系中的Mg2+、dNTP、rTaq酶等几个因素,并在此基础上对来源于吉林省不同地区的70株烟草野火病菌进行了分子多态性分析。结果表明:优化的PCR反应体系电泳图谱清晰,多态性丰富,重复性好,适合烟草野火病菌群体分子标记研究。通过聚类分析发现,吉林省烟草野火病菌群体存在分子多态性,在遗传相似系数为0.9时,70个菌株被聚为4个类群(G1~G4),其中G1类群最大(39个菌株,占55.71%),而G3类群最小,仅包括2个菌株。G1和G2类群分别包含了5个和3个亚群。不同类群和亚群的菌株地理来源存在多样性。     

防治烟草野火病拮抗细菌菌株的筛选

从多种植株根际土壤中和烟草叶面分离到188个细菌分离物,室内抑菌圈法测定抑菌效果,温室测定防效,结果筛选出有明显抑菌作用的菌株21个,温室采用高压喷雾接种烟草野火病菌株,普通喷雾接种生防菌菌株,建立了以病斑减轻率和病斑扩展抑制率2个指标的活体筛选方法,温室防效试验筛选出防效较好的菌株6个,其中2e,1010D防效较好,其次为C3和3g。病斑减轻率为58％～91％,病斑扩展抑制率为56．58％～78．08％。这为生产上防治烟草野火病提供了新思路。     

Characterization of Elicitor-inducible Tobacco Genes Isolated by Differential Hybridization

Inducible responses in plants against pathogen attack play a major role in resistance to disease. The defense responses are mostly associated with the expression of various kinds of inducible genes. We employed differential hybridization to isolate elicitor-inducible genes (EIGs) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN) using the tobacco-fungal elicitor system. A cDNA library was constructed from tobacco leaves treated for 12 hr with hyphal wall components (HWC) prepared from Phytophthora infestans, and six EIGs were identified. Expression of all EIGs was induced after inoculation with the soybean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (nonpathogenic on tobacco) or treatment with salicylic acid, and a variety of expression patterns of EIG mRNAs was observed. Sequence analysis of EIG cDNAs revealed similarities to genes for SAR8.2 (EIG-B39 and EIG-D14), glycine-rich protein (EIG-G7), extensin (EIG-I30), acyltransferase (EIG-I24) and unknown protein (EIG-J7). Possible roles of EIG products in disease resistance are discussed. Received 30 August 2000/ Accepted in revised form 30 November 2000     

Phenotypic variability in different strains of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi isolated from different hosts

One hundred and sixty strains of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi from Olea europaea, Olea europaea var. sylvestris, Nerium oleander, Fraxinus angustifolia and Retama sphaerocarpa, and four type strains of other pathovars were studied, investigating 102 phenotypic traits, among which we include biochemical characteristics, assimilation of different carbon sources, sensitivity or resistance to antibiotics and indoleacetic acid (IAA) production. Results were analysed with an affinity dendrogram via the Jaccard coefficient. They indicate an influence of environmental factors on the formation of the 15 phenons obtained, since isolated (knot) strains from the same species but different geographical areas are segregated. Segregation, also detected in strains from different hosts within the same area, added to the pathogenicity test helps to characterise these strains as different pathovars.     

Leaf necrosis and twig dieback of sweet persimmon (Dyospiros kaki L.) caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in Italy

In spring 1996, extensive leaf necrosis and twig dieback were observed on young sweet persimmon (Dyospiros kaki L.) trees, cultivars O'Gosho, Hachija, Mercatelli and Kaki-tipo planted in the Abruzzo region (central Italy). Many trees were killed. When the dieback reached the trunk, in many cases, new vegetation was noticed above the graft point. The cultivar Jiro-C was not affected by the disease. During 1997, no symptoms were observed on any plant. The orchard was planted in a clay soil with a very low content of organic matter. Biochemical, nutritional and pathogenicity tests indicated Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall as the causal agent of the disease. This is the first report of this bacterium as a pathogen of sweet persimmon in Europe.     

杉木细菌性叶枯病的发生及防治措施

杉木细菌性叶枯病是杉木的主要病害之一,由丁香假单胞杆菌杉木致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv. cunning-hamiae)引起。本文综合阐述了其发病原因和发病规律,并针对其发病特点提出了综合防治措施。     

三七细菌性叶斑病病原菌鉴定

[目的]对引起三七细菌性叶宽病的病原菌进行系统鉴定。[方法]以2011及2012年在云南文山及石林县的三七苗圃采集的三七细菌性叶斑病病株为材料,采用柯赫氏法则,检测分离菌株致病性并重新分离得到病原菌。通过病菌形态观察、致病性测定、16SrD—NA序列分析及生理生化特性分析（Biolog系统）对其进行鉴定。[结果]确定三七细菌性叶斑病病原菌为丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种（Pseudomonas syringae pv．syringae）。[结论]该研究为三七细菌性叶瘫病菌详细鉴定的国内首报。     

烟草野火病菌初侵染源的研究

为探明烟草野火病菌的初侵染源，应用SPA－ELISA，间接－ELISA反应试剂盒对从田间及温室中采集的土壤、烟株根围、田间杂草、种子等进行了检测，明确云南烟草野火病的初侵染源主要为种子和根部残体。     

新疆哈密瓜细菌性斑点病种子带菌的分离检测

甜瓜果腐病是一种检疫性病害,可随种子远距离传播,给甜瓜生产带来很大的危害。本研究对哈密瓜种子上携带的瓜类果腐病菌和黄瓜角斑病菌进行了育苗症状检测、直接分离和带菌部位测定。结果表明,甜瓜细菌性果腐病和黄瓜细菌性角斑病均可随种子传播,特别是甜瓜细菌性果腐病种子带菌率较高,而且种子内外都携带一定量的病原菌,但种子带菌以种皮带菌为主。将带菌种子于低温下在PBS缓冲液的浸提液中浸提,2-4小时内的浸提效果较好,得到较充分病原菌的富集。