药力高对三种杀虫剂防治棉蚜的增效作用

通过药力高对３ 种农药防治棉蚜的增效测定试验,说明在药液中加入０ ．１ ％ 的药力高,可提高药效３０ ％ ～５０ ％ ,用药量降低２０ ％ ～５０ ％ ,与目前市场上同类产品的农药增效剂相比,增效作用明显优越     

植物光合生物增效剂对玉米产量及干物质积累的影响

以玉米和植物光合生物增效剂为试验材料,研究叶面喷施植物光合生物增效剂对玉米产量及干物质积累的影响。结果表明,喷施150 g/hm2和300 g/hm2植物光合生物增效剂对玉米子粒产量增加不显著;喷施450～750 g/hm2植物光合生物增效剂能够显著增加玉米子粒产量,比对照产量提高8.3%～12.0%,主要表现在穗粒数和百粒重显著增加;还能显著提高地上部干物质积累速度和叶片叶绿素含量。以喷施600 g/hm2植物光合生物增效剂增产效果最佳。     

肥料增效剂γ-聚谷氨酸的生产与应用

用50L发酵罐对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)进行试验,结果表明,随着发酵过程的进行,发酵液中的碳源(葡萄糖)出现逐渐枯竭的趋势,若通过流加的方式补充葡萄糖,可以显著地提高γ-PGA的产量,发酵结束时γ-PGA的最高质量浓度可达到37.8g/L。经干燥回收的此发酵产物,可以明显提高小白菜的产量,减少小白菜生长过程中化肥的施用量,具有显著的增产节肥效果。     

复合氮肥增效剂对玉米利用尿素氮的影响

在大田小区试验条件下,研究了复合氮肥增效剂对玉米生长、产量和尿素氮利用的影响。结果表明,复合氮肥增效剂对土壤脲酶活性抑制作用明显,以有机-无机复合剂I抑制率最高,在玉米生长51d和64d迭15．80％和21．34％;4种复合增效剂均增加玉米株高、叶长、叶宽和叶片硝酸还原酶活性,增加玉米果穗长、减少秃尖度,有机-无机复合增效剂还增加玉米百粒重。施用有机-无机复合增效剂较对照增产3．3％-8．2％,以有机-无机复合增效剂Ⅲ增量最大。复合氮肥增效剂明显地提高了玉米茎叶和籽粒氮含量,氮素利用率提高4．4-7．1个百分点,以有机-无机复合增效剂Ⅲ处理为最大。     

Toxicity to the snail Limnaea acuminata of plant‐derived molluscicides in combination with synergists

The effects of combinations of plant‐derived molluscicides with piperonyl butoxide (PB) or ENT 8184 (MGK‐264) were studied on different enzyme activities and biogenic amine levels in the nervous tissue of Limnaea acuminata. 24‐h in vivo exposure of the nervous tissue of L acuminata to 40% and 80% of the 24‐h LC₅₀ of the plant‐derived molluscicides Azadirachta indica oil, Allium sativum powder and oleoresin of Zingiber officinale rhizome and their active molluscicidal components azadirachtin, allicin and [6]‐gingerol, alone or in combination (1 + 5) with PB or ENT 8184, caused a significant reduction in the activity of acetylcholinesterase, lactic dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatases and sodium‐potassium ATPase. There was a significant increase in the activity of succinic dehydrogenase. In vivo exposure for 24 h to sub‐lethal concentrations of azadirachtin, allicin and [6]‐gingerol, singly and with PB or ENT 8184, significantly altered the dopamine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine levels in the nervous tissue of L acuminata. It is concluded that these active moieties singly or with PB or ENT 8184 adversely affect all known neurotransmission mechanisms in the snail, either separately or through a complex interaction between the different neurotransmitters. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

两种含磷复合肥配合不同添加剂对玉米产量及养分吸收的影响

为增强含磷复合肥在红壤上施用的肥效,提高磷肥利用效率。通过田间小区试验,研究不同添加剂(增效剂和控失剂)对磷酸铵镁和磷酸二铵肥效的影响。结果表明:在相同养分投入下,磷酸铵镁添加增效剂和控失剂对玉米产量和收获指数影响不显著;但添加增效剂后降低了玉米对N、P、K吸收,较对照磷素生产效率提高28.5%,对磷肥的偏生产力没有显著影响;添加控失剂增加玉米N、P、K吸收,降低玉米磷素生产效率和偏生产力。磷酸二铵添加增效剂能提高玉米产量和收获指数,降低玉米对N、P、K养分的吸收,但较对照磷素生产效率提高24.8%,偏生产力提高1.5%。     

Increased toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa against Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata,Phaedon brassicae and Colaphellus bowringi by a Tenebrio molitor cadherin fragment

BACKGROUND: Biopesticides containing Cry insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are effective against many lepidopteran pests, but there is a lack of Bt‐based pesticides for efficient control of important coleopteran pests. Based on the reported increase in Bt toxin oligomerization by a polypeptide from the Cry3Aa receptor cadherin in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), it was hypothesized that this cadherin peptide, rTmCad1p, would enhance Cry3Aa toxicity towards coleopteran larvae. To test this hypothesis, the relative toxicity of Cry3Aa, with or without rTmCad1p, against damaging chrysomelid vegetable pests of China was evaluated. RESULTS: Cry3Aa toxicity was evaluated in the spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata), cabbage leaf beetle (Colaphellus bowringi) and daikon leaf beetle (Phaedon brassicae). To assess the effect of rTmCad1p on Cry3Aa toxicity, neonate larvae were fed Cry3Aa toxin alone or in combination with increasing amounts of rTmCad1p. The data demonstrated that Cry3Aa toxicity was significantly increased in all three vegetable pests, resulting in as much as a 15.3‐fold increase in larval mortality. CONCLUSION: The application of rTmCad1p to enhance Cry3Aa insecticidal activity has potential for use in increasing range and activity levels against coleopteran pests displaying low susceptibility to Bt‐based biopesticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

生物质肥料增效剂在烤烟生产上的应用效果

为弄清生物质肥料增效剂在烤烟上的应用效果,采用田间试验方法,对其进行了对比试验.结果表明:15％、30％的生物质肥料增效剂等量替代复合肥及对照3个处理的主要生育期、主要农艺学性状、产量、产值和均价等基本一致,与其余2个处理间存在显著甚至极显著差异;45％生物质肥料增效剂等量替代复合肥上等烟比例最高,为43.4％;30％生物质肥料增效剂等量替代复合肥上中等烟比例最高,为95.6％.烤烟生产上可采用30％生物质肥料增效剂等量替代复合肥使用.     

增效剂在杏鲍菇生产中的应用效果研究

以杏鲍菇为试材,在其生长培养基中加入不同浓度增效剂,测定其菌丝长速、长势、子实体产量等指标,研究不同浓度的增效剂对杏鲍菇生长的影响。结果表明:添加浓度为0.2%的增效剂,其菌丝生长粗壮、浓密、均匀,优于其它处理;菌丝长速、子实体鲜重极显著高于其它处理。建议生产中采用该浓度处理,以增加杏鲍菇的商品价值和产量。