Effect of starvation on survival and biochemical profile of newborn juvenile lined seahorses,Hippocampus erectus (Perry, 1810)

This study assessed the effect of starvation on survival and nutritional status of newborn juveniles H. erectus (<10 days) to optimize rearing protocols, thereby helping to reduce wildlife exploitation. Maximum starvation time (MST) was estimated through the survival of juveniles continuously starved from birth. Resistance to starvation and the effect of food re‐introduction after 1, 2, 4 and 6 days of starvation on survival and metabolite concentrations (total proteins, total lipids, acylglycerides, cholesterol, glucose) were also determined. Survival amongst continuously starved animals decreased from 6.6 ± 0.5 to 0% from days 9 to 10 of starvation. Seahorses under different starvation–refeeding treatments all had 100% survival up to day 5 of experiments. After 10 days, however, a 4‐day starvation period followed by refeeding showed negative effects with <50% survival. During continuous starvation, lipids were the first energy reserve used to maintain basal metabolism, followed by proteins. Except for cholesterol, all metabolite concentrations differed between continuous starvations and feeding. Despite high seahorse survival after 5 days in the absence of food, the recovery of the metabolic status is possible after a starvation period of no more than 2 days, since irreversible physiological changes compromising the ultimate survival of the organisms take place after this time.     

盐度对鲻鱼前期仔鱼生长与存活的影响

本文研究了鲻鱼前期仔鱼在不同海水盐度条件下的生长和存活情况。结果表明：鲻鱼前期仔鱼生长与存活的适宜盐度范围为20－32‰，盐度低于20‰，随盐度下降，前期仔鱼存活率降低，生长速度趋慢；反之，盐度高于32‰，随盐度升高，前期仔鱼存活率降低，生长速度趋缓。     

中肋骨条藻的浓缩与长期保存技术的研究

实验表明:中肋骨条藻在0～10℃的低温保存60d的存活率达70%以上;并且在恢复生长时保持较高的比生长率,0～10℃是中肋骨条藻长期保存的最佳温度范围。     

Effect of dietary lipid levels on growth performance,fatty acid profile and enzymatic activity of juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus

The main objective of this investigation was to study the lipid requirements of the early juvenile (C1) swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) based on growth performance, survival, moulting and fatty acid profile. Four test diets were formulated with graded lipid levels (3.63%, 6.70%, 10.72% and 13.91%). Each diet was fed to 4 replicates of crabs (30 crabs per replicate initial weight (8.4 ± 0.1 mg). In this study, crabs fed diets with 13.91% lipid had significantly (p < 0.05) higher survival than crabs fed with 3.63% lipid, but no significant (p > 0.05) improvement of survival was observed when dietary lipid increase from 6.70% to 13.91%. Crabs fed diets with 10.72% and 13.91% lipid had significant higher weight gain(WG) than crabs fed with 3.63% lipid. While crabs fed with diets containing 6.70%, 10.72% and 13.91% lipid showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference in weight gain(WG). Moreover, the lowest moulting number was observed in crabs fed diets with 3.63% lipid, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) among other groups. The content of LC‐PUFA and DHA in the crabs fed diets with 3.63% lipid was significant (p < 0.05) lower compared to other groups. But there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in EPA and ARA content among all groups. The activity of lipase increased as dietary lipid level increased (from 6.70% to 10.72%). However, beyond 10.72%, a significant (p < 0.05) decreased in lipase activity was observed. The regression analysis of weight gain data indicated that crab fed diet containing 10.47% lipid level is considered as optimum lipid level for its maximum growth and moulting process.     

杂色鲍群体间杂交的杂种优势分析

杂色鲍（Haliotis diversicolor）是中国南方主要的鲍养殖种类,近年来“东优1号”杂色鲍因较高的成活率优势已在产业上得到越来越广泛的推广养殖.该研究采用3×3完全双列杂交的方式,对杂色鲍“东优1号”群体、杂色鲍古雷群体和杂色鲍越南群体3个群体自繁与杂交后代的养殖性能进行跟踪,并对其杂种优势进行评估.结果表明,3个群体自繁后代的生长速度和成活率上存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,同时3个组合的生长速度与成活率的双亲杂种优势率值均不高,且2个单亲杂种优势率值之间有显著差异（P＜0.05）.     

不同开口饵料对中华鲟仔鱼生长及成活率的影响

经人工孵化的同亲本中华鲟仔鱼苗,用不同的饵料饲养25 d,研究中华鲟仔鱼适宜的开口饵料及对仔鱼苗成活率和生长的影响.结果显示,用配合饲料作为开口饵料时,中华鲟仔鱼的成活率和生长速度显著低于水蚯蚓和丰年虫试验组;单用丰年虫投喂的试验组成活率最高(87.00%),但生长较慢;单用水蚯蚓投喂的试验组生长速度比丰年虫快,但成活率仅为78.33%.用丰年虫 水蚯蚓投喂的试验组生长和成活率都较好;中华鲟仔鱼最合适的开口饵料为丰年虫.     

色季拉山东坡急尖长苞冷杉种群结构与动态

【目的】研究西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉(Abies georgei var.smithii)种群的结构动态及演替趋势,为该种群的保护与恢复提供参考依据。【方法】在色季拉山东坡海拔3 800 m处设立100 m×100 m的典型样地,对固定样地内所有基径≥0.1 cm的乔木树种进行调查,记录树高、基径、胸径、生长状况等信息,对于基径0.1 cm的幼苗采用抽样调查统计其数量。采用基径和胸径2个指标将急尖长苞冷杉种群划分为13个龄级,分析该种群的龄级结构;利用种群动态量化方法计算相邻龄级种群数量动态变化指数(V_n)和种群结构对随机干扰的敏感性指数(P_(max))等;采用种群静态生命表、生存分析等方法,分析种群结构特征;采用时间序列预测模型对种群未来数量动态变化趋势进行量化预测。【结果】(1)色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉种群呈典型的"金字塔"型,1龄级幼苗储备丰富。(2)种群数量动态变化指数显示该种群为增长型种群,但对外界干扰具有较高的敏感性。(3)种群林龄结构完整,1龄级阶段存在强烈的环境筛选作用,种群存活曲线趋向于直线型(Deevey-Ⅱ型)B_3亚型,种群死亡率与消失率随龄级的增大先降低后升高再降低。(4)生存分析表明,随龄级的增大,种群生存率逐渐降低,累积死亡率与生存率为互补关系,死亡密度与危险率总体呈降低趋势,但危险率曲线波动较大。(5)时间序列预测模型结果表明,急尖长苞冷杉种群在未来一段时间内呈增长趋势,与种群结构及数量动态变化指数分析结果一致。【结论】虽然各种指标均表明急尖长苞冷杉种群目前处于稳定增长期,但结合生境及气候条件认为,该种群目前处于以地形、风、雪为主导的一种多元演替顶级的稳定期,今后一段时间其种群数量虽有波动,但不会偏离目前整体状态。考虑该种群对外界干扰具有较高的敏感性,建议进一步加强生境的保护,防止生境破坏引起种群衰退。     

半干旱地区侧柏造林应用保水剂试验

应用AS型高效保水剂进行了不同施量造林试验,连续8 a测定试验林标准株生长情况结果表明,不同施量以穴施2.5 g最优,保水持效期达3个月以上,对半干旱地区提高造林成活率起到了关键作用.但对高、径生长影响不大;穴施保水剂对林木后期生长无负作用.     

盐度和饲料添加剂对中华绒螯蟹仔蟹成活率的影响

本文研究了不同盐度对中华绒螯蟹大眼幼体培育成仔蟹成活率的影响。在水温21℃、水深20cm，大眼幼体经20天培育，盐度从0－9‰培育成Ⅲ期蟹的成活率以盐度5－7‰为最高。0‰和9‰成活率较低。投喂含有适量添加剂的配合饲料比投喂不含添加剂的对照组成活率稍高。     

甘薯微茎尖组织培养技术研究

在甘薯微茎尖组织培养中，材料消毒选择0．05％HgCl2溶液，时间9－10分钟，培养基琼脂浓度0．7％较为适宜。茎尖分化培养首选激素6－BA，浓度为0．25－2mg／L，或NAA0．01mg／L＋6－BA0．5mg／L＋GA30．1mg／L，成苗率可达85％左右。