Mesoscale eddies and survival of late stage Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) larvae

We examined the distribution of sardine larvae relative to environmental conditions with the purpose of identifying and characterizing habitat that encourages high larval growth and survival, based on the 1983–1998 surveys of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI). Long-term averages show that sardine 'survivors' (spatially aggregated larvae ≥ 18 days old) were most abundant offshore, whereas sardine egg density, chlorophyll biomass and zooplankton volume were greatest inshore. In contrast, mesoscale eddies, observed in remotely sensed sea surface temperature imagery, were found only in offshore regions. To further examine the link between eddies – which often result in locally elevated chlorophyll and zooplankton – and sardine survival, we compared the distribution of larvae and eddies survey by survey. Sardine survivors were most abundant offshore in only one-quarter of the research surveys, and when they were most abundant offshore they were associated with eddies. This indicates that the offshore eddy habitat produced exceptionally large numbers of survivors, as evidenced by the disproportionate effect on the long-term average.     

Feeding juvenile Artemia enriched with ascorbic acid improves larval survival in the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii

Newly hatched Jasus edwardsii phyllosoma were fed unenriched Artemia [endogenous ascorbic acid (AA) concentration of 166 μg g^?1 dry weight (dw)], Artemia supplemented with algae (AA concentration 594 μg g^?1 dw) or with ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (A2P) (AA concentration 11 737 μg g^?1 dw) to examine possible benefits of AA enhancement on culture. Plain or algal‐enriched Artemia were fed continuously for 28 days in two treatments during the study. Four other treatments received A2P‐enriched Artemia on a progressive basis starting from the commencement of the trial (D‐0), the third (D‐3), sixth (D‐6) or ninth day (D‐9) of Stage I (14 days) and similarly during Stage II (14 days). Prior to the commencement of A2P supplementation, plain Artemia were supplied to these animals. By Stage III (28 days feeding), algal, D‐0 and D‐3 phyllosoma had attained the largest size. The uptake and retention of AA by Stage III phyllosoma appeared to be dose‐dependent with the highest concentration of AA incorporation evident in D‐0 phyllosoma (1816 μg g^?1 dw), while algal and plain phyllosoma contained the lowest concentrations (600 and 300 μg g^?1 dw, respectively). Survival at Stage III was highest in D‐0 phyllosoma (89%) and lowest in plain phyllosoma (51%). There was a positive relationship between phyllosoma AA concentration and larval survival (R² = 0.8328, P < 0.0001). D‐0 phyllosoma had the lowest stress index when subjected to an osmotic/temperature activity test, indicative of better survival in culture compared to plain, algal and D‐9 phyllosoma, which had consistently higher indices. A negative relationship existed between phyllosoma AA concentration and stress indices at Stage III (R² = 0.9263, P < 0.0001), suggesting that AA from the Artemia diet conferred stress resistance.     

Nursery rearing of kalbasu, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton), at different stocking densities in outdoor concrete tanks

The growth and survival of kalbasu, Labeo calbasu, was evaluated at stocking densities of 5, 10 and 15 million spawn ha⁻¹ in nursery rearing in concrete tanks of 50 m², each for a period of 25 days. Survival of fry was density dependent and significantly higher (54.5%) at 5 million ha⁻¹ than those at 10 million ha⁻¹ (50.1%) and 15 million ha⁻¹ (46.9%). Similarly, growth and specific growth rate were inversely related to the stocking density and varied significantly among the three densities.     

高寒地区蓝鳃太阳鱼养殖技术研究

本探讨了蓝鳃太阳鱼（Lepomis macrochirus)在高寒地区的生长成活状况。实验结果表明，在东北地区蓝鳃太阳鱼夏季养殖成活率可以达到85%（单养）和65%（混养），6-8月生长速度较好，混养比单养生长速度快，冰下可以安全越冬。     

Effect of bovine colostrum intake on growth,reproductive parameters and survival in red kids

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of frozen Azawak colostrum supplementation on body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), reproductive parameters (mean age at first parturition, fertility, fecundity, prolificacy) and mortality rate among red kids. The study was conducted at the goat farm secondary centre of Maradi in Niger from September 2010 to September 2011. The control animals (n = 20) were left with their mother, while the treatment animals (n = 20) received in addition 50 ml/animal/day of bovine colostrum at birth and 15 ml/animal/day from d2 to d15. Weight was measured weekly from birth to d365. Mortalities were also recorded over the same period. For reproductive parameters, observations began at weaning (d197). Growth rate was higher (p < 0.001) in supplemented animal, and the treatment effects on ADG were observed up to 150 day after the end of supplementation. A similar long‐lasting trend was also observed in relation to the mortality rate (25% for ColG vs. 55% for ConG; p = 0.05). The age at first kidding tended to be lower in the treated group (13.8 ± 0.7 vs. 14.1 ± 0.8 month; p < 0.1). In conclusion, mild bovine colostrum supplementation induces a long‐lasting positive impact on growth rate and to a lower extent on reproduction parameters and survival rate.     

日本对虾仔虾的温度适宜性实验研究

日本对虾 (Penaeusjaponicus)仔虾体全长 (11 7± 1 0 )mm ,分别置于 2 4,2 0 ,18,16 ,14 5 ,13℃水槽中培养 ,经 10d观察的结果 :仔虾成活率与水温呈负相关 ,依次为 0 12 ,0 2 8,0 39,0 5 3,0 5 3,0 6 0 ;长度增长率与水温呈正相关 ,依次为 0 2 7,0 19,0 12 ,0 0 9,0 0 4,0 0 1。认为仔虾放流海区水温应 >16℃。     

使樱花赏花期延长的日本引种品种的选育搭配研究

对武汉法雅园林集团有限公司从日本引进的39个樱花品种的成活率和花期进行了观测研究,筛选出了23个成活率在80%以上的花期不同的品种,为园林绿化工程中延长樱花赏花期的品种搭配设计提供参考依据。     

美国竹柳在临沧市的引种试验

从昭通市引进美国竹柳进行插条扦插育苗、营养袋苗上山造林试验。结果表明,扦插育苗未用药剂处理,成活率达100%。在保证水湿条件,只施一次肥的粗放管理条件下,7个月苗高达1.5~2.5 m,地径1~2 cm。在造林后只铲一次草的粗放管理条件下,裸根苗在洼子地造林的成活率较高,达90%,在干旱坡地造林的成活率低,仅为17%;组培营养袋苗在干旱坡地造林的成活率最低,仅为10%。造林1年后,组培营养袋苗在干旱坡地的年均树高和地径生长量为28.1 cm和0.32 cm;扦插裸根苗在洼子地的年均树高和地径生长量为74 cm和1.7 cm;扦插裸根苗在干旱坡地的年均树高和地径生长量为30 cm和0.4 cm。试验表明:水湿条件或灌溉条件是保证美国竹柳引种成功的关键。     

不同盐度海水对锯缘青蟹幼蟹生长变态的影响

实验室条件下比较了盐度为0、3.38‰、6.76‰、10.14‰、13.52‰、16.99‰条件下锯缘青蟹由二期幼蟹至六期幼蟹的生长变态情况。初步结果表明:青蟹幼蟹在变态为四期幼蟹之前,对环境盐度条件有较高的要求:盐度低于10‰,将延长其变态周期和降低成活率;四期幼蟹以后对盐度的适应能力明显增强,此阶段适当降低盐度,将有助于缩短其蜕壳周期。