刈割强度对高加索三叶草再生性及地下器官的影响

使用T型容器法来观察高加索三叶草根系生长状况,并通过不同留茬高度的刈割来模拟不同利用强度下再生产草量和再生速度以及根重、根长、根系含水量和根蘖生长状况。结果表明,高加索三叶草根系从0 cm至70 cm的日平均生长速度为1.59 cm,在栽后34d,日生长量达最大值,为3.29 cm。刈割处理使地上干物质量较不刈割显著增加(p<0.05),各次刈割后,再生草量以第2次大于第3次。各次刈割平均再生速度均随留茬高度的增加而降低。刈割对根系影响显著,根系重量和根系长度在不刈割时最大,随着留茬高度降低而减小,根系含水量随着留茬高度降低而增大。仅不刈割与各留茬处理间差异显著(p<0.05),各留茬之间均差异不显著(p>0.05)。根蘖数目与根蘖长度总体变化趋势一致,0 cm留茬时均最小,在9 cm留茬时均最大。     

限水灌溉对转基因抗虫棉产量形成的影响

采取限水灌溉的方法,研究了灌水对棉花产量形成的影响。研究结果表明,合理灌水能促进棉花开花成铃,延长最佳成铃时段,增加棉株优质节位的成铃数,单株籽棉干物重增加23.4%～61.9%,产量提高16.8%～45.3%。灌水量以675m3/hm2效果最好,灌水效益高达0.57kg/m3,灌水量达1350m3/hm2增产幅度下降,灌水效益仅0.21kg/m3。     

新修梯田对土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响

通过对新修梯田不同部位土壤理化性质研究，发现切土和填土部位有显著差异，对作物产量产生很大的影响。填土部位物理性质好，养分含量高，作物产量高，但保墒能力差；切土部位物理性质较差，底土非常黏重，养分贫乏，造成作物的减产。建议在修筑水平梯田时针对两部位的差异采取措施，以充分发挥梯田的效益。     

Effects of Addition of Three Types of Biochar on the Soil Nitrogen Balance and Cotton Yield

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of biochar addition on the soil N balance and cotton yield in a drip-irrigated cotton field. The experiment included four soil amendments: control, cotton straw biochar, corn cob biochar, and poultry manure biochar. The biochar was applied at a rate of 4.5 t·hm^－2 except control. The results showed that all three types of biochar significantly reduced both the apparent soil N loss and the N surplus. The effect of cotton straw biochar treatment was most significant, relative to the control. Plant nitrogen uptake differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order cotton straw biochar > poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar. Cotton yield also differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar, and cotton straw biochar.     

不同灌溉定额对膜下滴灌水稻耗水特征及水分生产效率的影响

【目的】研究膜下滴灌水稻不同水分处理对耗水特征和水分生产效率的影响。【方法】2017年设置5个灌溉定额,对比分析不同水分处理下水稻产量、各生育期耗水量。【结果】W₅处理(灌溉定额910.00 mm)的水稻产量比其他处理分别增加21.95%~458.43%。膜下滴灌水稻全生育期5个水分处理的耗水强度分别为3.75~7.14 mm/d。随着灌水量减少叶面积衰减指数逐渐增大,叶片表现出早衰特征,株高受到灌水量抑制。W₅处理与其他处理水分生产率相比分别提高7.61%~193.06%。生育阶段耗水强度变化规律为拔节孕穗期＞抽穗扬花期＞灌浆期＞分蘖期＞成熟期＞苗期。【结论】水稻全生育期适宜灌溉定额910.00 mm,在拔节孕穗期、分蘖期2个关键需水期,满足水稻水分需求。     

不同栽培基质对人参榕产量和品质的影响

本试验研究了人参榕第1次上袋种植时不同栽培基质对其产量和品质的影响,结果表明,不同栽培基质对人参榕的影响差异显著.经过24个月的种植试验,以细沙70%+煤渣20%+腐熟有机肥10%为栽培基质,人参榕平均每株2.84个块根,每个块根平均343.6 g,产品一级率达60.0%、二级率达20.2%,在产量和品质上明显高于对照(细沙50%+煤渣49%+过磷酸钙1%)和其他配方.因此,该培养基是人参榕第1次上袋种植比较理想的栽培基质.     

Effects of the commercial product based on Trichoderma harzianum on plant,bulb and yield characteristics of onion

Effects of the commercial product TrichoFlow WP™ (Agrimm Technologies Ltd., New Zealand), based on the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, on quality characteristics and yield of bulb onion was investigated. Bulb sets of the local cultivar Kantartopu was planted in soil with in and between row distances of 0.15 m and 0.40 m, respectively. The product, at considerably high dosages of 5 g m⁻², 10 g m⁻² and 15 g m⁻², was mixed with water and sprinkled once to the plots at planting. Analyses of data at harvest did not show statistical significance for Trichoderma effect on total bulb yield, bulb diameter, leaf length, number of shoot apex, %titratable acidity, number of internal (fleshy) leaves, number of external (papery) leaves, %soluble solids and %bulbs with diameters of 20–39 mm, 40–69 mm and ≥70 mm. The yields obtained from the plots treated with the dosages of 5 g m⁻², 10 g m⁻² and 15 g m⁻² and the control plots were 1063.7 kg da⁻¹, 1051.0 kg da⁻¹, 1066.5 kg da⁻¹ and 985.0 kg da⁻¹, respectively. Our results showed that high dosages of the Trichoderma product were not effective in enhancing onion bulb and yield characteristics under the given conditions.     

甜柿资源引种效果研究

对甜柿品种的生物学特性、产量和品质等性状进行了研究。结果表明，阳丰、前川次郎等品种树势强、产量高、品质较好，在我国北方地区可作为主栽品种；伊豆表现早熟、果实品质极上，适宜密植；骏河果实耐贮运，在晚熟品种中产量较高，品质较好，无霜期较长的地区可适当发展。试验表明，伊豆、前川次郎、富有等日本甜柿品种引入我国北方地区后，成熟期较日本原产地和我国南方地区均提前。     

赤峰市苦荞麦品种比较试验初报

为筛选赤峰市适宜种植的苦荞品种,2011年在赤峰市进行9个苦荞麦品种比较试验.结果表明：西荞1号、黔苦3号、苦荞04-46、川荞1号、黔苦5号、晋荞麦2号、西荞2号、六苦2081产量均比对照CK-10-2高,适宜当地推广种植.     

不同种植方式对水稻生育特性和产量的影响

采用机械精量穴直播、人工撒播和人工手插种植方式对比,研究了机械精量穴直播条件下水稻的生育特性和产量形成特性。结果表明:机械精量穴直播有利于加快水稻的生长发育进程,缩短水稻的生育期,提高其生物学产量和叶面积指数,降低主茎总叶龄;机械精量穴直播稻的分蘖势较强,分蘖叶位低,分蘖发生和分蘖高峰出现早,单位面积的分蘖总量较大;机械精量穴直播稻每平方米有效穗263.63,比人工手插和人工撒播分别提高了24.63%和15.25%,机播的实际产量最高,较人工撒播和手插处理分别增产14.92%和4.59%。