油用型向日葵杂交种白葵杂13选育报告

油用型向日葵新品种白葵杂13是以不育系00801A为母本,恢复系RF008R为父本杂交育成的油用型向日葵杂交种。吉林省区域试验平均产量2 623.50 kg/hm2,比对照品种白葵杂6号增产5.21%。2010年生产试验平均产量2 288.63 kg/hm2,比对照品种白葵杂6号增产11.06%。该品种的特点是高产,高油(子实含油率47.37%),抗病,适应性广。     

浇水频率对向日葵黄萎病严重度和向日葵产量的影响

本试验通过对接种黄萎病的地块进行不同浇水次数的处理来调查分析浇水次数对向日葵黄萎病发生程度及产量的影响.结果表明随着浇水次数的增多,向日葵黄萎病的发病严重度也随之增加,且向日葵的产量呈现降低的趋势.在接种的地块中浇水1次的病情病指由29.0递增到浇水3次51.5;产量则由浇水1次的4690.95kg/公顷降低至浇水3次的3815.55kg/公顷.     

采收时间对油葵种子质量及品质的影响

为明确不同采收期对油葵种子质量和品质的影响,本研究以67×早R、36×早R和早熟矮大头3个油葵材料为研究对象,于开花后30、35、42、47 d收获种子,对相同条件下晾干的种子进行活力相关指标和品质指标测定.结果表明,67×早R和早熟矮大头在开花后42 d收获的种子,活力较高;36×早R以开花后47 d收获的种子,活力...     

不同盐分条件下油葵光合日变化特征研究

采用LI-6400型光合仪测定新疆产康地115号油料向日葵在不同盐溃化土壤现蕾期的光合速率日变化及其影响因子。结果表明,3种不同盐分处理其净光合速率日变化曲线均为单峰曲线。0．29％、0．39％盐分含量处理的Pn峰值在上午10：00,而0．68％盐分含量处理在中午12：00。随着盐分胁迫的增加,其光合速率总体呈现下降趋势。相关及路径分析结果表明,光强并不是Pn的主要限制因素,轻度盐分处理Pn的下降受气孔因素的影响,中度盐分处理Pn的下降则是气孔因素、气孔与非气孔因素协同作用的结果,重度盐分处理Pn的下降主要是受非气孔因素和气孔与非气孔因素协同作用的影响。     

Identification of PCR markers linked to different Or genes in sunflower

Broomrape is a parasitic plant that significantly decreases yield of sunflower. Breeding for resistance has proved to be the most efficient method for suppressing broomrape infestation in the field; however, new races of parasite constantly emerge, and new resistance genes need to be discovered and introduced into cultivated sunflower lines. The aim of this work was to test SSR markers from linkage group 3 (LG3) to investigate whether they could be used for identification of a particular Or gene. Twenty sunflower inbred lines were used, and polymorphism between the lines with various resistance genes and genetic background was investigated. The used markers revealed DNA polymorphism between the investigated lines. Strong association of markers from LG3 with Or₆, as well as Or₄ and Or₂ genes, was found. Identified markers could be used for introduction of these resistance genes into commercial sunflower lines and for establishment and identification of differential lines.     

Hydraulic Resistance of Sorghum (C4) and Sunflower (C3)

Summary

It is well known that C4 crops have a lower water requirement than C3 crops. Reasons for the difference are not well understood. Therefore, hydraulic resistance of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (C4) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (C3) was determined to see if it might be one explanation for the lower water use of crops with the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in pots with soil, which was well watered (soil matric potential of ～0 MPa) or allowed to dry (soil matric potential of ?0.038 MPa and ?0.065 MPa for sorghum and sunflower, respectively). Hydraulic resistance was calculated in two ways: (1) using the classic Ohm's law analogue, which assumes that the relation between flux (transpiration) and difference in water potentials of the soil and plant is linear and (2) using an equation that considers diurnal changes in leaf water content along with transpiration and difference in water potentials. Because change in leaf-water content during a day was small, hydraulic resistances calculated by the two methods resulted in similar values. Sorghum had a linear relationship between flux and difference in potentials (constant hydraulic resistance), but sunflower had a nonlinear one (variable hydraulic resistance). The hydraulic resistance of watered sunflower increased only slightly during a day and averaged about 40 MPa m² s mol^?1, which was 3.5 times less than that of watered or water-stressed sorghum (-140 MPa m² s mol^?1). The hydraulic resistance of water-stressed sunflower increased steeply during a day and by the end of the day it had a hydraulic resistance that approached that of sorghum.     

基于因素空间的油葵联合收获机故障诊断推理机制

当油葵联合收获机出现脱粒滚筒堵塞等故障时会影响联合收割机作业效率,而缺少自动故障早期预警手段的问题日益突出。为此,以因素空间理论为基础,研究了油葵联合收获机的故障诊断问题。在因素空间中,油葵联合收获机故障通过将其征兆因素集综合起来进行描述,通过因素分析得到故障诊断类型;并构建了装备故障诊断知识库和推理机制,进行了油葵联合收获机故障诊断仿真。仿真结果表明:基于因素空间理论的故障诊断方法能够成功地诊断出其故障类型,对油葵作物联合收获机的科学维护及可靠运行提供重要的参考。     

内蒙古河套灌区食用向日葵肥料对比试验

[目的]开展内蒙古河套灌区食用向日葵肥料对比试验。[方法]以河套灌区市场内主要流通的6个肥料产品为研究材料,通过与该地区传统施肥模式(CK)进行对比,分析了不同肥料对食用向日葵产量、效益的影响。[结果]525 kg/hm~2田力元掺混肥(17-17-17)+375 kg/hm~2尿素、450 kg/hm~2住商缓释肥(24-12-10)、450 kg/hm~2德源缓释肥(24-12-10)的增产效果显著,较对照(CK)分别增产13.3%、11.9%和5.6%;525 kg/hm~2田力元掺混肥(17-17-17)+375 kg/hm~2尿素、450 kg/hm~2住商缓释肥(24-12-10)、450 kg/hm~2德源缓释肥(24-12-10)、450 kg/hm~2奥佳缓释肥(26-10-12)的效益显著,较对照(CK)分别增收12.3%、11.5%、7.5%和5.0%。[结论]该研究可为当地向日葵生产提供科学理论依据。