“冰温米”初探

文章介绍了一种改善大米品质的新方法，通过给陈化大米着少量水、熏硫及冰温处理．可口程度大为改善．经各项品质指标测定表明，处理后的陈米其品质得到明显改善．     

The effect of 48‐hour fasting on taurine status in healthy adult dogs

Low circulating taurine concentrations may be a risk factor for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. Circulating taurine is typically measured in the clinic 4–5 h after feeding, largely because the impact of later sampling is not known. The objective of this study was to measure taurine in the blood during a 48‐h fast in 12 healthy adult Labrador Retrievers to refine sampling methodology for determination of taurine status. Plasma and whole blood (WB) taurine concentrations did not fall to levels indicative of clinical deficiency throughout fasting; WB was the more reliable indicator of taurine status. This study shows that blood samples can be taken for assessment of taurine status any time up to 48 h after ingestion of a meal in healthy adult dogs.     

Modelling short-term effects of sulphur dioxide. 3. Effects of SO2 on photosynthesis of leaf canopies

The effect of short-term exposure of SO₂ on the photosynthesis of a Faba bean crop was analysed with mobile equipment in the field. Canopy photosynthesis was only affected at high radiation levels and reduced by 4–6% during fumigation with 800 g SO₂ m^–3.The experimental data were used to evaluate the performance of a model for the effects of SO₂ on leaf canopy photosynthesis. The model contained a calculation procedure for canopy photosynthesis, extended with a submodel for SO₂ uptake by leaves and effects of SO₂ on leaf physiology. Diurnal photosynthesis and the effect of SO₂ on canopy photosynthesis were approximated very closely with the model. Possibilities for the application of this approach in crop growth models (operating at a time step of integration of 1 day) are presented and evaluated.Samenvatting Het effect van SO₂ op de fotosynthese van een tuinbonengewas is gemeten met mobiele apparatuur. Gewasfotosynthese werd alleen beïnvloed (4–6% reductie) bij hoge stralingsnivo's tijdens begassing met 800 g SO₂ m^–3.De experimentele gegevens zijn gebruikt om een model voor de effecten van SO₂ op de gewasfotosynthese te evalueren. Het model bestaat uit een rekenprocedure voor de fotosynthese van gewassen dat is uitgebreid met een submodel voor de opname en effecten van SO₂ op de fotosynthese van bladeren. De dagelijkss gang van de fotosynthese en de effecten van SO₂ op de fotosynthese werden nauwkeurig gesimuleerd met het model. Mogelijkheden voor de toepassing van het model in gewasgroeimodellen, die met een tijdstap van één dag werken, wordt gepresenteerd en geëvalueerd.     

0~6周龄古典型岑溪三黄鸡对能量、蛋白质和含硫氨基酸营养需要量的研究

试验选用1日龄雌性古典型岑溪三黄鸡1080只,平均分成9个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复为40只,用9种不同的处理日粮,进行为期6周的饲养试验。试验结果表明,能量对古典型岑溪三黄鸡的采食量、增重和料重比影响差异显著（P<0.05）,蛋白质和含硫氨基酸对古典型岑溪三黄鸡的增重、采食量和料重比影响差异不显著（P>0.05）。以增重为衡量指标,能量、蛋白质和总含硫氨基酸水平分别以12.13 MJ/kg、20%和0.97%对古典型岑溪三黄鸡最佳。      

硫营养补饲对陇东绒山羊产绒量的影响

硫营养元素在绒山羊代谢过程中是限制绒山羊绒纤维生长的主要因素,绒毛纤维中硫含量影响绒毛的纺织性能。针对陇东地区牧草含硫量低的问题,通过对陇东绒山羊生绒旺季补饲硫营养,观察绒纤维品质和产量,结果表明:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别补饲0.25%蛋氨酸、0.25%硫酸钠、0.3%硫酸钠,产绒量分别为513.67±109.36g、538.76±135.29g、570.69±125.83g,对照组产绒量为418.83±98.29g,试验各组比对照组分别增绒22.64%、28.64%和36.26%,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比对照组差异显著(p<0.05),试验Ⅲ组比对照组差异极显著(p<0.01)。因此适当补饲硫营养对提高陇东绒山羊产绒量有显著影响,提高了绒产量和绒品质。     

Functional and Structural Changes associated with Cadmium in Mustard Plant: Effect of Applied Sulphur

Abstract

The effect of cadmium (Cd) and sulphur (S) on dry weight, biochemical parameters and anatomical features of mustard (Brassica campestris L. cv. Pusa Bold) plant was investigated in a pot culture experiment using Cd (25, 50, and 100 mg kg^?1 of soil), S (40 mg kg^?1 of soil), and the combination of Cd+S (25+40 mg kg^?1 of soil, 50+40 mg kg^?1 of soil, and 100+40 mg kg^?1 of soil). Sulphur treatment was given at sowing and Cd treatment was given when seedlings were fully established. Observations were recorded at the flowering stage. A significant and antagonistic interaction of Cd and S was observed. Compared to the control, leaf dry weight, total chlorophyll content, sugar content, nitrate reductase activity, and protein content decreased significantly with each Cd treatment, whereas the reverse was observed with S treatment. Combined treatments of Cd+S also reduced these parameters, but this reduction was less than the one observed with Cd treatments alone. However, nitrate accumulation in the leaves was 2.35 times higher with treatment of 100 mg Cd+40 mg S kg^?1 of soil than in the controls, whereas it was 3.5 times higher with Cd (100 mg kg^?1 of soil) alone. The relative proportion of vasculature in the stem, stoma length and width, and stomata length and width were inhibited with Cd treatments, whereas the combined treatments mitigated the adverse effect caused by Cd. Thus, S could alleviate the Cd induced impairment of biochemical and anatomical features of the plant and the enhancement of nitrate accumulation in the leaves.     

The Effects of Sulphur Application on Yield,Sulphur Content and N/S-Ratio of Grasses for Silage at Six Sites in Finland

Abstract

The effects of sulphur (S) fertilization on forage production, sulphur content and N/S ratio of perennial timothy-meadow-grass (Phleum pratens L.- Festuca pratensis Hudson) and cocksfoot-dominant (Dactylis glomerata L.) swards cropped for one to three years were measured under a silage-cutting regime at six sites in Finland. Soil sulphur status ranged from poor/adequate (fine sand) to good (organic soils). Plant growth responses to supplementary sulphur were small, inconsistent and statistically insignificant. The supplementary S-fertilization increased the sulphur content of forage and decreased N/S-ratios at all sites. However, even in low-S fertilized plots the average sulphur content was very seldomly less than 0.2% on a dry matter (DM) basis, which has been assumed to be an adequate concentration in several foreign studies. High N/S ratios (> 14) were rare. The sulphur content of DM depended more significantly on growth stage and grass species than on supplementary sulphur. According to the results of these experiments, NPKS fertilizers contain sufficient amounts of sulphur to ensure both a good quality and a high yield of grass silage.     

Individual response of growing pigs to sulphur amino acid intake

Two N balance experiments were conducted to study the individual response of growing pigs to limiting amino acid (AA) intake. Series of fifteen diets with increasing concentration of sulphur amino acids (SAA, Expt 1) or methionine in the presence of excess cystine (Expt 2) were fed sequentially to nine pigs during a 15-day experimental period. The concentration of the AA under test ranged from 50% to 140% of the requirement while other essential AA were given in a 25% excess relative to the limiting AA. N retention was related to the limiting AA intake using rectilinear and curvilinear models. In Expt 1, the quadratic-plateau model fitted the individual data significantly better (p = 0.01) than the linear-plateau model. No difference was found between the two models in Expt. 2, presumably due to the sparing effect of excess cystine on methionine utilization. Exponential, saturation kinetics or four-parameter logistic models fitted to data for all pigs showed that their goodness of fit was similar to those of quadratic-plateau or linear-plateau models. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between individual plateau values for N retention within each experiment while the slopes of the regression lines did not significantly differ either in Expt 1 (p = 0.07) or Expt 2 (p = 0.45). There was a positive correlation between the slope and plateau values of the linear-plateau model in Expt 1 (r = 0.74, p = 0.02) but no significant correlation was found in Expt 2 (r = -0.48, p = 0.13). Marginal efficiencies of SAA and methionine utilization derived from the linear-plateau model were 0.43 and 0.65 respectively. Based on linear-plateau and quadratic-plateau models, daily requirements of SAA and methionine for a 50 kg pig were estimated to be 13.0 and 5.9 g and 14.3 and 6.1 g respectively.     

作物施硫效应与土壤硫素平衡探讨

在河南省几种主要土壤类型上,对几种主要作物进行了施硫肥试验。结果表明,施硫经济效益较好,小麦增产３．５％～１３．４％,玉米增产３．５％～１１．７％,大豆增产７．１％～１３．５％。在施硫量相同情况下,小麦、玉米施硫磺增产效果大于石膏,而大豆施石膏的增产效果则优于硫磺。如要维持当前土壤硫素水平,每年需通过施肥补充３．１～５．６ｋｇ／亩。     

70％甲基硫菌灵·硫磺WP防治黄瓜白粉病田间药效试验

为了筛选防治黄瓜白粉病的适宜药剂,以黄瓜品种为试材,对大棚黄瓜白粉病用70％甲基硫茵灵·硫磺WP、70％甲基硫菌灵WP、50％硫磺SC以及15％三唑酮WP进行了防治试验。结果表明：70％甲基硫菌灵·硫磺WP对黄瓜白粉病有优良的防治效果,浓度为1350～1500mL·hm-2时防效最佳,连喷3次防效可达到82．58％～87．55％。