落叶松红腹叶蜂食叶量、发育进度及防治适期的研究

掌握科学合理的防治时机，是害虫防治的关键技术之一。为此笔者在对落叶松红腹叶蜂防治技术的研究中，根据落叶松红腹叶蜂幼虫的生物学特性，创新采用拟自然态研究方法、自然产卵小群统计方法，对幼虫每虫和分龄期食叶量(率)、卵和幼虫发育历期、幼虫自然死亡率、越冬幼虫化蛹发育进度及化蛹历期等进行了系统研究。在这些研究的基础上，提出科学的防治适期应为幼虫发育高峰后第7～10d，在此时间内林间可见卵及幼虫约占当年种群数量的76％～90％，是卵和幼虫出现最多的时段，是最大限度地消灭叶蜂幼虫、压低种群数量的有利时期。     

马尾松速生丰产林营建技术的研究

根据立地、遗传、密度3大因素控制的原则，营建马尾松速生丰产林，着重采取了选用良好的造林地、优良种源、合理整地、适当密植与培育容器苗造林5项主要技术措施，并在造林后3～4年内进行及时合理的幼林抚育。从幼龄林生长量测试结果表明：与国家速生丰产林专业标准相比较，1～5年生高生长量超标达31．8％～60．0％4～5年生胸径生长量超标达21．1％～24．0％，5年生材积生长量超标达368．0％，达到了预期的速丰林幼林期的培养目标。     

不同熟期夏玉米品种生长发育特性与产量形成的关系

【目的】研究不同熟期夏玉米品种生长发育特性与产量形成的关系,以期为早熟、高产、适应机械粒收的玉米新品种的筛选提供理论依据。【方法】2017年以早熟玉米品种登海518（DH518）、衡早8号（HZ8）和中晚熟玉米品种登海605（DH605）、郑单958（ZD958）为试验材料,2018年以早熟玉米品种登海518（DH518）、京农科728（JNK728）和中晚熟玉米品种登海605（DH605）、郑单958（ZD958）为试验材料,种植密度为75 000株/hm²,研究玉米生长发育过程中的叶片建成规律、穗部发育特性以及各生育阶段对光温需求的差异。【结果】不同熟期夏玉米品种各生育阶段的光温需求大小表现为吐丝期（R1）—生理成熟期（R6）>出苗期（VE）—吐丝期（R1）>播种期（sowing）—出苗期（VE）。不同品种花后对积温的需求高于花前,中晚熟和早熟夏玉米品种对积温需求的差异主要在拔节期—吐丝期,具体表现为第9—16片叶建成期;花后对积温的需求品种间差异不显著。相关性分析表明,不同熟期夏玉米品种的产量与穗位高、穗高系数呈极显著正相关关系。不同熟期夏玉米品种的雄穗发育特性不同,晚熟品种的雄穗长度显著低于早熟品种,但晚熟品种的雄穗分枝数、雄穗总小花数、小花败育率、有效小花数显著高于早熟品种;而雌穗分化到籽粒形成受品种基因型影响较大。【结论】不同熟期夏玉米品种生长发育特性具有较大差异,在75 000株/hm²条件下,中晚熟品种的产量显著高于早熟品种;植株总叶片数较少,拔节期—吐丝期所需时间短,后期脱水速率快是早熟宜机收玉米品种的典型特征。     

新型复合氨基酸络合铁对肉鸡生产性能、血液指标和组织铁含量的影响

为探究肉鸡日粮中添加以两种氨基酸螯合成的新型复合氨基酸络合铁添加剂对肉鸡生长性能、器官指数、血液指标、组织抗氧化性能和铁含量的影响,选用960只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡公雏,随机分为6个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复20只雏鸡。试验处理组分别在玉米-豆粕基础日粮中添加0、20、40、80及120mg/kg的新型复合氨基酸络合铁(ZprFe)和80mg/kg硫酸亚铁(FeSO_4)。结果表明:1)肉鸡日粮中添加ZprFe对肉鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)日粮中添加ZprFe显著提高了肉鸡42日龄肝脏和脾脏指数(P0.05),且随着日粮中铁水平的添加呈线性和二次增加(P0.05)。3)添加ZprFe显著提高21日龄和42日龄血清铁含量(P0.05);显著降低21日龄血清总铁结合力(P0.05),但对42日龄血清总铁结合力无显著影响(P0.05)。添加ZprFe显著提高21日龄血清含锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)活性和42日龄血清含铜与锌超氧化物歧化酶CuZn-SOD活性(P0.05)。4)添加ZprFe对肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)无显著影响(P0.05),但可显著提高胸肌T-SOD活性和T-AOC能力(P0.05)。添加ZprFe对肝脏铁含量影响显著,随着日粮中铁水平含量的增高,肝脏铁含量呈显著线性增加(P0.05)。综上,日粮中添加新型复合氨基酸络合铁ZprFe有利于肉鸡器官生长发育,提高肉鸡抗氧化性能和组织铁沉积,推荐在本研究条件下AA肉鸡日粮中添加ZprFe的适宜添加范围为40～80mg/kg,为实际生产提供理论依据。     

烤烟连作障碍调控措施研究进展

烤烟连作障碍问题已经引起了多方关注,在众多研究成果的基础上,分析引起烤烟连作障碍的机理,主要在于土壤微生物种群、土壤营养成分、土壤酶活性和自毒作用,从合理的种植模式、科学合理的施肥方式等角度对烤烟连作障碍的作用进行了探讨,旨在为需要烤烟连作的地区提供参考。     

蹄耕法改良山地退化草地技术应用研究

采用人工撒播、羊喂播,牛、羊背播等方法结合家畜放牧蹄耕技术,在新疆坡度较大无法进行机械作业的山地退化草地进行补播改良,试验结果表明:放牧蹄耕法技术改良最适宜的草地类型为山地草甸草原。最佳补播时期为早春播种,最适合牧草品种为红豆草;最好的补播方法为人工撒播,最适宜坡度为20°为好。通过蹄耕法改良后,草地植被覆盖度在原有的基础上最高提高了35%,优质牧草比重增加了25%,鲜草产量提高了3~4倍。     

Green roof vegetation type affects germination and initial survival of colonizing woody species

Green roofs provide a number of valuable ecosystem services compared to conventional roofs, but may require yearly maintenance. Trees and other woody plants that persist on the roof may damage or overload shallow-substrate green roofs and their removal is a standard maintenance procedure. The germination potential of colonizing species may differ depending on the vegetation surrounding them. The aim of this study was to determine whether the germination of colonizing tree species (Picea glauca and Ulmus glabra) will vary depending on which plant species form the established vegetation seeds land in. To determine germination success, survival, and seed capture ability of the plant canopy, tree seeds were added either directly to the growing medium or atop the plant canopy, in replicated monocultures of 14 species native to Nova Scotia. When seeds were added directly to the soil, no significant difference was detected between the monocultures for germination success or survival for U. glabra or P. glauca. However, when the seeds were added atop the plant canopy, percent germination of U. glabra was significantly higher in Carex argyrantha green roof modules. Overall, sod forming graminoids showed higher germination of U. glabra. The number of seeds reaching the soil was typically lower in vegetation with a denser canopy. This study demonstrates that some vegetation repels colonizing tree species by reducing ground contact. Although these effects differed according to tree species, non-vegetated substrates enhanced seedling persistence. Additionally, the majority of tree seeds that germinated failed to survive a single growing-season on shallow-substrate green roofs.     

Experiences with Rice Grown on Permanent Raised Beds: Effect of Crop Establishment Techniques on Water Use,Productivity, Profitability and Soil Physical Properties

In recent years, conventional rice production technologies have been leading to deterioration of soil health and declining farm profitability due to high inputs of water and labor. Conservation agriculture(CA) based resource-conserving technologies i.e. zero-tillage(ZT), raised-bed planting and direct-seeded rice(DSR) have shown promise as alternatives to conventional production technologies to overcome these problems. Present study was undertaken during 2009–2012 to establish an understanding of how permanent raised bed cropping system could be practiced to save water at the field application level to improve water productivity and also have the capability to enhance productivity, profitability and soil physical quality. The results showed that among different crop establishment techniques, conventional-tilled puddle transplanted rice(CT-TPR) required 14%-25% more water than other techniques. Compared with the CT-TPR system, zero till direct-seeded rice(ZT-DSR) consumed 6%–10% less water with almost equal system productivity and demonstrated higher water productivity. Wide raised beds saved about 15%–24% water and grain yield decrease of about 8%. Direct-seeded rice after ZT or reduced tillage or on unpuddled soil provided more net income than CT-TPR. The CTTPR system had higher bulk density and penetration resistance due to compaction caused by the repeated wet tillage in rice. The steady-state infiltration rate and soil aggregation( 0.25 mm) were higher under permanent beds and ZT and lower in the CT-TPR system. Under CT-TPR, soil aggregation was static across seasons, whereas it improved under no-till and permanent beds. Similarly, mean weight diameter of aggregates was higher under ZT and permanent beds and increased over time. The study reveals that to sustain the rice productivity, CA-based planting techniques can be more viable options. However, the long-term effects of these alternative technologies need to be studied under varying agro-ecologies in western Uttar Pradesh, India.     

谈适地适树科学选择树种几点看法

从近5a来南康区工程项目造林绿化,个体、民营企业营造工业原料林和用材林工作实践中,对造林中未做到适地适树来选择造林树种走了弯路,致使造林林木生长不良,甚至死亡的问题进行调查分析,谈谈适地适树在造林工作中的运用。     

Effects of Sowing Methods on Upland Rice in Lowland Rice-Vegetable Sequence in Inland Valley

Triple cropping in the inland valleys of southwestern Nigeria is technically possible but the third crop between the main crop and vegetables has poor establishment due to soil saturation. Identification of appropriate sowing methods is required in this niche. A field experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of sowing methods on the performance of upland rice （Oryza spp.） in a lowland rice-vegetable sequence. The first, second, and third crops in the sequence were planted in May, September and December, respectively. Two upland rice varieties, namely New Rice for Africa 1 （NERICA 1） and ITA 150 constituted the main plot treatments while the subplot treatments were sowing methods. The mean grain yield of lowland rice for two years was 7.74 t ha^-1. The fluted pumpkin had a fresh leaf weight of 14.78 t ha^-1. The grain yields of the two upland rice varieties （1.81 and 1.85 t ha^-1） and sowing methods which ranged between 1.63 and 2.05 t ha^-1 were similar in both cropping seasons. However, the interaction of variety by sowing methods had a significant effect on grain yield. Transplanting and pre-germinated broadcast had the highest grain yield for NERICA 1 while dry broad cast and pre-germinated dibbled had the highest in ITA 150. Hence, the productivity of triple cropping in the inland valley was enhanced by sowing methods.