太子山马尾松种子园营建技术研究

本文从建园材料选择和收集、嫁接技术、建植方式及定植密度、种子园营建和激素对促进球花形成的研究等方面总结了太子山马尾松种子园建设的技术及经验。太子山种子园的建成不但加速了我省马尾松良种化的进程 ,而且为今后我省马尾松种子园营建和育种提供了理论依据和材料。     

我国黑荆树适生区的划分及各区栽培技术要点

Based on the distribution of 64 locations in wattle natural distribution in Australia and the data collected from 61 plantations in 30 more countries, 5 important factors were selected for determining the suitable climatic requirements for the growth of wattle. The experience of plantation wattle in China for over 30 years has been summarized. According to the comparison of climate and geographic distribution of wattle in China and other countries, China is a suitable country for growing wattle. Based on the results of our investigation, a division of suitable areas for growing wattle in China was made. Key points of planting method in each area were suggested.     

模糊数学在适地适树决策方法中的应用

以小兴安岭带岭林区为研究对象,利用模糊数学原理,并通过对主要造林树种、立地类型及隶属度的确定,进行适地适树决策方法的探讨,得出各种立地条件下的适地适树方案.     

Relative contribution of initial root and shoot morphology in predicting field performance of hardwood seedlings

Single and multiple linear regression techniques were used to explain the capacity of initial seedling root volume (Rv) and first-order lateral roots (FOLR) relative to shoot height, diameter, and fresh mass to serve as important indicators of stock quality and predictors of first- and second-year height and diameter on an afforestation site in southern Indiana, USA. This was accomplished for northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), white oak (Quercus alba L.), and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh) seedlings graded into four Rv categories at establishment. Field survival was high (85–97%) for all species. Initial diameter, height, fresh mass, and Rv provided similar predictive ability of second-year field response for absolute height (R² = 0.59–0.77) and diameter (R² = 0.50–0.73) for both oak species. Initial seedling Rv was a better predictor of field response than FOLR for both oak species, though not for cherry. Multiple-variable models accounted for a greater proportion of the total variation in seedling field height and diameter than did single-variable equations. The high R² (up to 0.95) of regression models suggests field performance of these species can be reliably predicted and confirms the importance of initial seedling morphology in dictating early plantation performance.     

建设宁波生态屏障的必要性及发展对策

在分析宁波建设生态屏障必要性和有利条件的基础上，提出今后一段时期宁波生态屏障建设的目标、重点及应采取的对策。     

The propagation of Ramón (Brosimum alicastrum Sw.; Moraceae) in Mayan homegardens of the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico

In the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico, Maya natives have been propagating important species for centuries. However, little documentation exists of these methods, and traditional knowledge is fading as younger generations seek work in urban centers. With growing interest in using some of these species for plantation-scale production, this knowledge should be captured to aid in propagation and cultural methods of selected species. One such species, Ramón (Brosimum alicastrum Sw.), is grown in Mayan homegardens primarily as a source of dry season forage. We conducted a survey of Mayan families in several municipalities to determine basic propagation habits and procedures for cultivating Ramón, and used this information to conduct some controlled-environment studies of reproductive ecology of the species. Our survey showed that all or most Maya grow the Ramón tree in homegardens for forage and that the tree is both cultivated from wild seedlings as well as planted on a small scale. Propagation is by seed and young seedlings are irrigated until they are established. We examined the effects of temperature on seed germination and found that maximum germination occurred between 27° and 38 °C, with best germination and growth of healthy seedlings at 33 °C. No germination occurred below 21° or above 44 °C. Simulated Maya irrigation gave a four-fold increase in growth rate of seedlings, aiding early establishment. Watering gave seedlings of greater biomass, greater stem and root length, and greater numbers and size of leaves. This magnitude of response may provide an economic return for plantation culture of Ramón for forage production.     

洞庭湖滩地水文状况与杨树造林地选择的研究

根据洞庭湖主要水文站点多年观测资料,将汛期水位与时间的相关关系转变为滩地淹水时间与高程的数学模型。洞庭湖滩地根据不同高程汛期年均淹水时间变化规律,分为湖泊型和河道型两类。湖泊型滩地淹水时间与高程遵循指数函数y=a·ebx变化规律,河道型滩地在涨水初期、退水后期,淹水时间与高程为线性函数y=a+bx关系,在中、高高程地段又为指数函数关系。黑杨派南方型无性系在滩地上造林,其胸径、树高、材积生长均随滩地高程的降低、淹水时间的增加而降低。但随着林龄的增加,不同高程—淹水时间林地的生长差异有所减小,表明其抗水淹能力有所增强。在流动水的情况下,洞庭湖滩地年均淹水时间30d以内的,可建速生丰产林基地;年均淹水30～65d的,可造一般工业用材林、抑螺林、防浪护堤林等;年均淹水65d以上的,如不采取挖沟抬垄等工程措施,不宜用作杨树造林。     

Trees and windbreaks in the Sahel: establishment,growth, nutritive,and calorific values

Tree and windbreak species considered for the Southern Sahelian Zone (SSZ) of West Africa have to be evaluated following multiple criteria such as fast establishment, shelter efficiency, production of feed for livestock, and firewood. An on-station experiment was conducted on a sandy soil in southwest Niger between 1988 and 1993 to assess the establishment, growth, nutritive, and calorific values of seven species considered for windbreaks:Andropogon gayanus, Bauhinia rufescens, Acacia holosericea, Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Faidherbia albida, andAzadirachta indica. Mortality and stem diameter were monitored twice a year. From 20 months after planting (MAP) onwards, species were annually trimmed to 2 m height and to 1 m sidewards of the main stem. Fresh and dry weight of leaves, twigs, wood, and fruits were recorded. Leaves were analyzed for crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) content. Wood was analyzed for its gross calorific value and its ash content. At 56 MAP, all species had less than 5% morality, except forA. holosericea, which had a mortality rate of 15.9%.A. indica andA. holosericea showed the highest stem diameter among species with 12.2 and 11.8 cm, respectively, at 56 MAP.A. senegal had the highest dry matter production with 22.3 t ha^–1 at 56 MAP, followed byA. indica (12.0 t ha^–1),A. holosericea (11.7 t ha^–1) andB. rufescens (11.2 t ha^–1), butA. holosericea was most productive at earlier harvests. OnlyA. senegal (6.4 t ha^–1) andA. indica (5.1 t ha^–1) had a significant wood production, whereasA. holosericea (5.7 t ha^–1) had the highest phyllodes production. Leaves ofA. senegal andA. indica had highest CP contents of 258 and 214 g kg^–1, respectively. The leaves of all species exceptA. gayanus had a higher CP:ME ratio than natural pasture in the region. The calorific values of firewood did not differ significantly among the species.A. nilotica, the species with one of the lowest firewood production, had the highest Fuelwood Value Index of 6.6. The choice of species for planting trees and windbreaks in the SSZ must be oriented along these criteria. Further research should be directed towards cost-benefit analyses, land tenure and property rights in combination with surveys on local knowledge of rural people.     

台州市沿海围涂果园防护林效益调查研究

沿海围涂果园，采用“窄带小网型”防护林营建技术，能降低风速３６．８％－７０．％，减少落果３８．２％－６０．５％，提高空气湿度１％－３％，减少蒸发量１３．７％〉改善果园生态环境，促进果树生长，从而提高产量，该技术宜于南方滨海果园推广。     

灵芝适生树种

本文列举了７７种灵芝适生树种，分属２０科４２属，其中常用树种主要属于壳斗科、杜英科、金缕梅科；段木栽培效果比较理想的树种是福建山樱花（野樱），并介绍了芝树的选伐及段木的熟化处理。