图书馆业务外包的实施策略

业务外包是一种新型的图书馆管理方法。本文介绍了图书馆业务外包的概念、内容、作用，探讨了实施图书馆业务外包的相应策略。     

Diurnal and individual variations in bile acids in the plasma of normal dairy cows

Blood samples were collected every 2 h during a 24 h period from 6 cows of one herd and 10 cows of another herd. In a third herd 9 cows were sampled every 2 h from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Concentrations of total bile acids, acetoacetate, glucose and free fatty acids were determined in blood plasma. A marked difference in individual bile acid concentrations and patterns of diurnal variation was found. For most cows the highest bile acid values were observed between 2 and 6 a.m. (overall mean (+/- SD) at 6 a.m.: 104 +/- 84 mumol/l, range: 20-307 mumol/l). Fourteen cows with a bile acid value greater than 90 mumol/l at 6 a.m. ("high BA") were characterized as a group by showing a pronounced decrease in the mean bile acid concentration after morning feeding. In the group of 11 cows with a 6 a.m. bile acid value less than 90 mumol/l ("low BA") the time of day did not contribute significantly to the bile acid variation. For the "high BA" group a nearly synchronous variation between the mean values of the 3 feeding dependent parameters (acetoacetate, glucose and free fatty acids) and the mean values of bile acids was found. The within animal coefficients of correlation between bile acids and the feeding dependent parameters were significantly higher in the "high BA" group than in the "low BA" group. No direct connection was found between bile acid levels and the quantity of concentrates fed or the individual milk yield.     

跨膜蛋白VRAC的结构及生物学功能研究进展

跨膜蛋白是一类位于细胞膜上的重要蛋白质,对于维持细胞稳态和调节细胞的生长发育具有关键作用,因此一直受到广泛研究。本文将介绍一种重要的跨膜蛋白——体积调节阴离子通道（Volume Regulated Anion Channel, VRAC）,并全面综述其分子结构特征和多个生理功能,旨在为后续研究工作提供参考。     

基于YOLOv5s改进模型的小白菜虫害识别方法

小白菜是中国种植面积较广、深受大众喜爱的蔬菜,但真实菜地环境中虫害往往出现在叶片的特定区域,且受环境因素如光照和背景干扰较大,影响对其的智能检测。为提高小白菜虫害的检测效率和准确率,该研究提出一种基于YOLOv5s网络框架改进的YOLOPC小白菜虫害识别模型。首先,引入CBAM（Convolutional Block Attention Module）注意力机制,将其放在CBS（卷积层Convolution+归一化层Batch normalization+激活函数层SILU）的输入端构成CBAM-CBS的结构,动态调整特征图中各个通道和空间位置的权重;使用上采样和1×1卷积操作来调整特征图的尺寸和通道数,实现不同层次特征的融合,增强模型的特征表示能力。同时,改进损失函数,使其更适合边界框回归的准确性需求;利用空洞卷积的优势提高网络的感受野范围,使模型能够更好地理解图像的上下文信息。试验结果表明,与改进前的YOLOv5s模型相比,YOLOPC模型对小白菜小菜蛾和潜叶蝇虫害检测的平均精度（mean Average Precision, mAP）达到91.40%,提高了12.9个百分点;每秒传输帧数（Frame Per Second, FPS）为58.82帧/s,增加了11.2帧/s,增加幅度达23.53个百分点;参数量仅为14.4 MB,降低了25.78个百分点。与经典的目标检测算法SSD、Faster R-CNN、YOLOv3、YOLOv7和YOLOv8相比,YOLOPC模型的平均精度分别高出20.1、24.6、14、13.4和13.3个百分点,此外,其准确率、召回率、帧速率和参数量均展现出显著优势。该模型可为复杂背景下小白菜虫害的快速准确检测提供技术支持。     

长期饲喂高锌日粮对断奶仔猪免疫机能的影响

试验选用60头23日龄±1日龄临床检查健康的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成3组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮 3000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮 500mg/kg蛋氨酸锌,测定断奶仔猪免疫机能的变化。结果显示,在断奶后0d～21d饲喂高锌日粮能显著提高仔猪白细胞吞噬率和T淋巴细胞转化率,增加血清免疫球蛋白水平;而在断奶后42d、70d,仔猪白细胞吞噬率、T淋巴细胞转化和血清IgG、IgA水平显著下降。     

Experimental research on cardiac fibrosis induced by recombinant mouse interleukin-11 in mice

AIM To observe the effect of recombinant mouse interleukin-11 （rmIL-11）injected subcutaneously into mice on heart structure and function and to determine its pro-fibrotic effect. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.The mice in experimental group were injected subcutaneously with recombinant mouse IL-11 at the dose of 100 μg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 3 consecutive weeks, while the control group were given equal volume of normal saline in the same way. After the experiment was finished, the parameters of heart function were measured by echocardiography.The heart weight was weighed and the cardiac weight index (CWI) was calculated. HE staining and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to observe the pathological changes and the extent of myocardial fibrosis in mouse myocardia respectively, and the cardiac collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated. The expression levels of extracellular matrix proteins in the myocardial tissues of mice, including type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen and fibronectin, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening in experimental group were obviously lower than those in control group (P<0.01), however left ventricular end-diastolic diamension and left ventricular end systolic dimension were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the CWI was increased (P<0.01), the myocardial arrangement was disorder, the necrosis of cardiac myocytes was increased, and excessive deposition of collagen was observed in the myocardial tissues in experimental group. Correspondingly, the CVF and protein levels of type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen and fibronectin in the left ventricle in experimental group were increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Injection of rmIL-11 into the mice subcutaneously induces fibrogenesis in the heart, which implies that IL-11 is likely a novel pro-fibrotic factor.     

辅料和菌剂添加对牛粪堆肥腐熟的影响

为研究不同辅料与菌剂添加对牛粪堆肥过程中堆体理化性质的影响,试验以牛粪为原料,设置7个不同的辅料和菌剂处理, T1(牛粪+玉米秸秆+发酵菌剂)、T2(牛粪+稻草+发酵菌剂)、T3(牛粪+蘑菇菌渣+发酵菌剂)、T4(牛粪+玉米秸秆)、T5(牛粪+稻草)、T6(牛粪+蘑菇菌渣)、CK(牛粪不添加辅料和发酵菌剂)。结果表明,在堆肥过程中,各处理批次的水分含量和C/N均呈下降趋势,pH值先升后降,有机质先降后升,种子发芽指数随堆肥天数的增加而增加。T1和 T2处理堆体升温快、高温期持续时间长,最高温度可达到66℃~67℃,高温期持续30~32天,加速了堆肥腐熟进程,提高了种子发芽指数。堆肥结束时T1和T2处理的种子发芽指数分别达到78.26%和76.48%。隶属函数综合评价表明T1腐熟程度最高,即当牛粪与玉米秸秆配比为4:1时,添加发酵菌剂有利于堆肥腐熟。     

不同紫花苜蓿几个抗旱指标的灰色关联分析

运用灰色关联分析法,对5项抗旱指标与5个紫花苜蓿(Medicago Sativa)品种抗旱性的相关性进行了分析。关联度分析结果表明:各指标与苜蓿品种抗旱性的关联序为:游离脯氨酸含量>SOD>POD>相对含水量>叶片水势。各指标对苜蓿抗旱性的影响,以游离脯氨酸含量最大,其次为SOD及POD;再次相对含水量;而叶片水势的影响最小。     

金针菇单核体DAN3和M与其杂交双核体G1菌丝阶段基因表达差异的转录组初步分析

以金针菇(Flammulinavelutipes)单核菌株DAN3的基因组为参考,完成单核体DAN3和M及其杂交双核体G1在菌丝阶段的转录组测序与数据分析,比较两个样本间的差异基因,并对差异基因进行GO功能分析和KEGG pathway分析.结果表明:两个样本中共有显著性差异表达的基因86个,其中,在G1中呈上调、下调表达的基因数分别为41、45个,有2个基因在G1中特异表达.GO功能分析结果表明,86个差异基因中有40个基因比对上了GO功能注释,其中18个基因在G1中呈上调表达;单一生物过程和催化活性为显著性富集的功能,相关基因在G1中呈上调表达.KEGG pathway分析结果表明,22个差异基因被定位到17条Pathway,其中10个基因在G1中呈上调表达,包括赖氨酸代谢途径对应基因,3_M和G1菌丝样品中赖氨酸含量分别为1.70×103 ng/mg和1.06×103 ng/mg,说明G1中上调的基因可能与之降解相关;DNA复制是显著性富集的代谢途径,相关基因在G1中呈下调表达.     

3个玉米自交系对盐胁迫的生理响应及耐盐性评价

以自交系M-2导入系、Hr30导入系和Mo17导入系为试验材料,研究不同浓度NaCl(0、100 mmol·L~(-1)、150 mmol·L~(-1)、200 mmol·L~(-1)、250 mmol·L~(-1))对3个玉米幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、可溶性蛋白等生理指标的变化规律的影响,并采用主成份分析与隶属函数相结合的方法对其耐盐性进行综合评价,旨在为玉米耐盐性筛选及抗盐新品种的选育奠定基础。结果表明,3个自交系的株高、生物量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)以及可溶性蛋白质的含量大体上随着盐浓度的增加而呈下降的趋势;根长、相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和根冠比大体上呈先上升后下降的趋势。利用主成份分析归纳出株高、净光合速率(Pn)、丙二醛(MDA)等9个与耐盐密切相关的生理指标,运用模糊数学隶属函数分析得出,3个玉米自交系的耐盐性强弱依次为M-2导入系Hr30导入系Mo17导入系。