Genome-wide association study for spot blotch resistance in Afghan wheat germplasm

Spot blotch (SB), caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a devastating disease of wheat globally, especially in South Asia and South America. Understanding the genetics of resistance to SB is important for developing breeding strategies to improve resistance. A panel of 301 genotypes from Afghanistan was phenotyped over two crop seasons using a mixture of virulent B. sorokiniana isolates and genotyped using DArTSeq to obtain genome-wide markers. Fifty genotypes (16.6%) showed disease scores less than the resistant control. Principal component analysis using the genotypic data clustered the genotypes into five different groups. Among models used for genome-wide association mapping, the multilocus mixed model, and fixed and random model circulating probability unification algorithms were most effective in identifying significant marker-trait associations (MTA). Twenty-five MTAs at p ≤ .001 were identified on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6A, 7A, and 7D, indicating the quantitative nature of resistance to SB. Phenotypic variation explained by these markers ranged from 2.0% to 17.7%, and genomic regions on the chromosomes 1D, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, and 5B coincided with loci identified in previous studies. Three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on chromosomes 1B (SNP 1113207) and 5A (SNPs 5411867 and 998276) were significant in both crop seasons as well as in the combined analysis across seasons. Marker 5411867 is close to Vrn-A1, shown to be associated with SB in previous studies. Furthermore, among known SB resistance genes, Sb2 on chromosome 5B was predicted to be significant in this panel.     

重庆市不同规模灌区农灌水有效利用系数测算与对比研究

通过对重庆市不同规模灌区农田灌溉用水有效利用系数计算结果的比较研究,对出现的中型灌区农田灌溉用水有效利用系数大于小型灌区的结果进行合理性分析,并为重庆市农田灌溉用水有效利用系数的进一步提高,提出相关建议,为政府相关部门的科学决策提供参考.综合考虑重庆的地形、气候、土壤等因素.根据选定灌区的实测数据,采用首尾测算法计算2017年重庆市不同规模灌溉农田灌溉水的有效利用系数,采用单因素和主成分分析法,分析影响农田灌溉水有效灌溉系数的主要因素. 1)通过测算, 2017年重庆市中型灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数为0.499,小型灌区为0.487,推算全市为0.495; 2)在影响农田灌溉水有效利用系数的主要因素中,当地的节水工程和管理状况所占的比例大于自然因素; 3)中型灌区在节水工程的投资、管理和维护等方面均优于小型灌区; 4)自然因素中,降水量对农田灌溉水有效利用系数具有一定的负面影响.     

Hybrid breeding for biomass yield in winter triticale: II. Combining ability and hybrid prediction

Accurate hybrid prediction and knowledge about the relative contribution of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are of utmost importance for efficient hybrid breeding. We therefore evaluated 91 triticale single-cross hybrids in field trials at seven environments for plant height, heading time, fresh biomass, dry matter content and dry biomass. Fresh and dry biomass showed the highest proportion (23%) of variance due to SCA. Prediction accuracies based on GCA were slightly higher than based on mid-parent values. Utilizing parental kinship information yielded the highest prediction accuracies when both parental lines have been tested in other hybrid combinations, but still moderate-to-low prediction accuracies for two untested parents. Thus, hybrid prediction for biomass traits in triticale is currently promising based on mid-parent values as emphasized by our simulation study, but can be expected to shift to GCA-based prediction with an increasing importance of GCA due to selection in hybrid breeding. Moreover, the performance of potential hybrids between newly developed lines can be predicted with moderate accuracy using genomic relationship information.     

陆上输油管道溢油扩散规律及泄漏后果研究进展

输油管道一旦泄漏不但会造成直接经济损失,而且将对周围环境、沿线居民带来不利影响,掌握泄漏油品在周围环境中的渗流、地表扩散以及蒸发情况,对于开展管道应急处理和泄漏后果评价至关重要。结合陆上输油管道泄漏事故特点,从事故条件下的泄漏量、泄漏油品的流动扩散规律以及泄漏后果等方面入手,对成品油管道泄漏油品研究成果进行了归纳总结,同时为进一步研究泄漏油品在周围环境的扩散过程,预估泄漏后果并制定合理的应急处理方案提出了建议。     

滩羊毛色的全基因组关联分析

滩羊不仅肉质鲜美,其所产的二毛裘皮在国内外也享有盛誉,毛色是滩羊重要的经济性状。为检测影响滩羊毛色的基因组区域,利用美国Affymetrix绵羊600K基因分型芯片对宁夏盐池地区具有代表性毛色的96只滩羊个体(全白、白毛黑头、白毛褐或黄头)进行基因分型,并采用Logistic回归方法进行全基因组关联分析。通过Bonferroni校正,检测到5个与毛色显著关联的SNPs。这些SNPs分别位于或邻近2个已知基因(MC1R和TCF25)。其中MC1R基因参与调控黑色素的合成,研究表明其与绵羊毛色相关。而TCF25基因与MC1R基因距离很近,可能由于存在一定程度的连锁不平衡而被鉴定到。本研究进一步解析了滩羊毛色性状的遗传机理,为滩羊毛色性状的标记辅助选育提供科学依据。     

广东省农业科学院蚕桑资源多元化利用研究进展

近年来,我国蚕桑产业已由原来单一的“种桑养蚕”发展到“种桑养人”和“种桑养畜”多业态并举的发展模式,广东省农业科学院为我国蚕桑产业新业态的形成和发展做出了重要贡献。该院蚕业与农产品加工研究所是我国最早开始从事蚕桑资源多元化利用与新产品开发的科研单位之一,通过以果叶两用、无核三倍体桑树品种粤椹大10的成功选育和推广为契机,桑椹果汁、桑椹果酒、桑叶茶、桑枝灵芝和维力康胶囊等一批新技术和新产品引领了全国蚕桑产业多元化发展,积极推动了传统蚕桑产业转型升级。围绕广东省农业科学院近30年来在蚕桑资源食药用、饲料用和肥料用研究现状,重点综述了在蚕桑资源多元化加工利用方面取得的进展,并展望了未来发展趋势。     

WRKY在园艺产品品质形成和维持中的作用机制研究进展

WRKY是植物中所特有的一类重要的转录因子,广泛参与调控植物生长发育、激素信号转导、胁迫响应、叶片衰老和果实成熟等多种生物学进程。本文重点综述了近年来WRKY转录因子在园艺产品品质形成和维持中的作用及其调控机制,进一步加深对植物WRKY转录因子的生物学功能及其转录调控网络的认识,也为培育优质的园艺作物新品种提供理论基础。     

黑木耳功能性成分及其干燥技术研究进展

本文综述了黑木耳功能性成分以及干燥技术的研究进展,以期为黑木耳干燥技术的选取、应用和黑木耳产品开发的方向提供更多的参考。     

不同位置秸秆覆盖条件下土壤水盐运动实验研究

以地下水与土壤水动力学理论为基础,通过对不同地下水埋深不同位置秸秆覆盖试验资料分析,建立了土壤水分运动数学模型,并进行了数值模拟,试验实测数据与模型计算值吻合较好,说明所建立的模型是可行的。并以此为基础,分析了不同地下水埋深不同位置秸秆覆盖土壤含盐量,得出地表以下30 cm处秸秆覆盖的土壤含盐量大于地表表层秸秆覆盖的土壤含盐量,这为新疆地区控制潜水蒸发改良盐碱地研究提供了可靠的基础依据。     

单板层积梁弯曲蠕变特性

在自制的弯曲蠕变试验台上对桦木和椴木单板层积梁进行弯曲蠕变试验,蠕变测试采用简支梁中部集中加载的方式。选用的加载应力水平分别为层积梁弯曲极限强度的40%、50%和60%,用百分表记录蠕变数值。实验周期为40～60d。试验结果表明,单板层积梁弯曲蠕变特性受树种、加载应力水平的影响较大,与树种的材性有较大关系:桦木单板层积梁的抗蠕变性能要明显好于椴木单板层积梁;同时,相同树种不同应力状态下,蠕变曲线为非线性的,蠕变过程由于加载应力水平不同而呈不同的规律。蠕变变形量和曲线上的跳跃点随着应力水平的增加有增大的趋势。试验测试过程中,60%应力状态下,椴木单板层积梁在连续加载60d时突然断裂。