石斛属植物的研究进展

 摘　要: 综述了近10年来石斛属植物在系统与分类学、细胞学、园艺学及育种学等多学科的研究成果, 并对未来我国石斛属植物的研究发展进行了展望。     

东亚飞蝗的长期预测预报技术研究

东亚飞蝗的发生面积、发生程度主要受残蝗面积、密度和降水条件的影响;库、湖蝗区的宜蝗面积主要受库、湖水位的影响。同时,东亚飞蝗的发生期主要受蝗卵发育期温度条件的影响。利用上述因子分别对东亚飞蝗的发生面积、发生程度及密度、3龄盛期进行预报,简便易行,准确可靠,时效性强,对指导防治工作十分有益。     

Status of black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) resistance to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors in France

We assessed the contributions of target site‐ and non‐target site‐based resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in Alopecurus myosuroides (black grass). A total of 243 A. myosuroides populations collected across France were analysed using herbicide sensitivity bioassay (24 300 seedlings analysed) and ACC genotyping (13 188 seedlings analysed). Seedlings resistant to at least one ACC‐inhibiting herbicide were detected in 99.2% of the populations. Mutant, resistant ACC allele(s) were detected in 56.8% of the populations. Among the five resistant ACC alleles known in A. myosuroides, alleles containing an isoleucine‐to‐leucine substitution at codon 1781 were predominant (59.5% of the plants containing resistant ACC alleles). Comparison of the results from herbicide sensitivity bioassays with genotyping indicated that more than 75% of the plants resistant to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides in France would be resistant via increased herbicide metabolism. Analysis of herbicide application records suggested that in 15.9% of the populations studied, metabolism‐based resistance to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides was mostly selected for by herbicides with other modes of action. Our study revealed the importance of non‐target site‐based resistance in A. myosuroides. Using herbicides with alternative modes of action to control populations resistant to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides, the recommended management approach, may thus be jeopardised by the widespread occurrence of metabolism‐based resistance mechanisms conferring broad‐spectrum cross‐resistance.     

甘蔗锈病研究进展

甘蔗锈病是甘蔗上的重要病害之一,近年来在我国的为害有逐年扩大和加重的趋势。为此,综述了甘蔗锈病的分布与为害、症状类型与特点、病原种类与特征及其系统发育学、病害发生规律、预测预报及综合防治方面的最新研究进展,并提出了今后研究的方向。     

除草剂安全剂的作用机制研究进展

本文对国内外关于除草剂安全剂的作用机制研究情况进行了介绍,并对几种较为普遍认同的作用机制重点给予解释。     

植物源杀虫剂研究进展

从植物源杀虫剂作用的特异性、作用机理、对非靶标生物的安全性以及害虫对植物源杀虫剂的抗性等方面介绍了植物源杀虫剂领域新的研究进展,并对该领域新的研究方向做了介绍,对植物源杀虫剂在未来的发展做了展望。     

Response of black rot in cabbage to spatial distribution of inoculum

Disease progress of black rot in cabbage crop was studied over three years in field plots to compare the effects of uni-focal and multi-focal inoculum applied in equal amounts per plot. Disease progress (plant incidence and leaf incidence) was plotted over time, three dimensional maps were made, and disease aggregation was studied by means of geostatistics, black-black counts and Moran's I statistic. Black rot progress was primarily due to focus expansion. Secondary foci may appear at short distances from the initial focus but they usually merge with the expanding initial focus. Anisotropy occurred occasionally but was of minor importance. Disease proceeds faster in plots with multi-focal inoculation than in those with uni-focal inoculation. Probably, serious epidemics in Dutch cabbage fields originate from large numbers of foci.     

风沙流研究的历史、现状及其趋势

本文扼要回顾了风沙流的研究历史;简明评述了颗粒运动特征、风沙流结构、输沙率模型、起沙风模型、表面气流变化、风沙两相流等研究现状内容;就目前研究中存在的问题、研究趋势等方面作了探讨。     

有关人造板建设项目投资控制的几点看法

强化人造板建设项目的投资控制,要求加强可行性研究的管理,纠正可研工作中存在的问题,提高可行性研究质量;同时,加强技术与经济的结合,以提高投资效益为中心,并根据“合理造价”的原则,通过调研和综合分析、比较,准确框定投资估算,为投资决策与强化投资控制提供科学依据。     

高职院校学风管理的现状与对策

文章根据高职院校的学风管理现状,提出了一些针对性的改善意见,包括突出学生思想品德教育、完善学风管理体系、协调各部门的工作等。