蒙古马肠道细菌总DNA提取方法的比较

本试验采集蒙古马新鲜粪便样品,采用酚－氯仿抽提法和2种细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒法进行样品中细菌基因组DNA的提取。通过DNA浓度和纯度的测定,并将其作为模板扩增细菌16S rDNA V3区特异性片段对提取效果进行比较,从而找出更适合蒙古马粪便中细菌基因组DNA的提取方法。结果显示,3种提取方法得到的基因组DNA均能用于PCR扩增的模板,其中B试剂盒法提取的DNA数量较多,且纯度高,更适合用于提取蒙古马肠道微生物细菌基因组DNA及后续的蒙古马肠道微生物多样性等分子生物学试验。     

葡萄子油及原花青素研究与开发利用

综述了葡萄子油、葡萄子原花青素等天然产物的提取与保健作用的研究进展,原花青素的生物活性及药理研究的现状,葡萄子油成分分析方法和葡萄子,提取物中原花青素含量测定的方法;介绍了用超临界CO2萃取法制取高质量的葡萄子油和应用夹带剂提取葡萄子中的原花青素的方法。分析了葡萄子的综合开发的应用前景。     

复合增强脉冲强光保鲜鲜切荸荠技术研究

采用脉冲强光法处理鲜切荸荠,通过控制脉冲强光处理时间,对其进行不同梯度的处理,检测不同处理对荸荠营养价值成分的影响与改变,检测其失重率、可溶性固形物含量、硬度、苯丙氨酸酶活性及过氧化酶活性、细菌总数、色泽度LAB值等主要指标变化情况,确定最佳的处理方案,以达到最好的保鲜效果。试验结果表明,脉冲强光处理10 min和脉冲强光处理15 min复合30%乙醇处理的保鲜效果较优,其中脉冲强光处理10 min的后期保鲜效果较好。     

流动沙丘表面输沙率的理论计算方程

本文研究流动沙丘表面上输沙率的理论计算，得出输沙率是风速的二次函数且与沙丘表面沙粒平均粒度的１．４３次方成反比的新结论。     

苇状羊茅与多年生黑麦草内生真菌菌丝基因组DNA提取的优化及PCR初步检测

感染内生真菌的禾草在牧草和草坪业上具有重要的生态和经济意义，家畜采食感染Neotyphodium coenophialum和N.lolii的苇状羊茅和多年生黑麦草会发生中毒。本研究收集天津口岸1998年以来进境的部分苇状羊茅和多年生黑麦草种子，对经镜检确认带有内生真菌的种子进行分离培养，对疑似菌株的菌丝用改进的Moiler等方法进行基因组DNA抽提，测定浓度及纯度，对照原方法，DNA的纯度有较大提高，浓度略有上升。Tubulin2基因的引物IS1-IS3扩增结果显示为单一的条带，结合形态学和序列比对，分离培养得到的菌株可以基本确定为N．coenophialum和N。lolii。根据Genbank中N.coenophialum和N.lolii的NC25基因序列设计出引物F1-R1，扩增得到能区分开N.coenophialum和N．lolii的单一条带（相差160bp），建立了N．coenophialum和N．lolii的PCR检测方法，结果准确可靠。     

水貂Mustla Vison微量血DNA的提取与纯化

作者通过采取活体水貂少量血液 ( 5 0 μL) ,利用蛋白酶K消化 ,酚、氯仿法抽取DNA ,结果测量获得的数据和曲线表明 :用 5 0～ 5 0 0 μL冻存血可以获得具有一定纯度和数量的DNA ,完全可以满足RAPD分析的PCR反应所需     

香根草挥发性成分提取分离及其农用生物活性研究进展

随着植物源农药的发展,具有优良农用活性的禾本科植物香根草Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash越来越受到重视。文章首先介绍了香根草中挥发性成分的提取分离方法及结构鉴定,列举了其主要挥发物的结构;进而综述了其对二化螟 Chilo suppressalis (Walker) 等螟蛾科害虫的引诱作用、家白蚁Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki 等白蚁的驱避及拒食作用、对蚬木曲脉木虱Macrotermes barneyi Light等的毒杀作用,对水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctorzia solani、香蕉炭疽病菌Calletotrichum musae等多种真菌和金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 等多种细菌的抑菌活性,以及对藜Chenopodium album L.、豚草Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.等常见杂草的除草活性等;最后总结了香根草中活性化合物诺卡酮的化学及生物合成方法。可为进一步将香根草应用于植物源农药研究和开发利用提供参考。     

内毒素致肝细胞凋亡与Survivin蛋白表达的关系及阳离子A保护效应

72只SD大鼠随机分为对照组（Ⅰ组）、内毒素组（Ⅱ组）和CA保护组（Ⅲ组）。3组动物经相应处理后分别在第3、4、8、12h采集肝脏作为检测样本,用流式细胞仪检测肝细胞凋亡情况,免疫组织化学染色技术检测Survivin蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,在4个时段中,Ⅱ组凋亡肝细胞百分比都极显著高于Ⅰ组（P〈0．01）;在3、12h,Ⅱ组极显著高于Ⅲ组（P〈0．01）,在4h,Ⅱ组显著高于Ⅲ组（P％0．05）;在8h,1I组肝细胞凋亡百分比呈上升趋势,Ⅲ组在3、4、8h3个时间点呈上升趋势,在12h有下降趋势。Ⅱ组Survivin的表达极显著低于Ⅰ组（P〈0．01）,且Ⅱ组一直呈减少趋势;Ⅱ组极显著少于Ⅲ组（P〈0．01）,Ⅲ组在3、4、8h这3个时间点呈下降趋势,在12h上升。结果表明,在内毒素血症中肝细胞凋亡与Survivin蛋白的表达呈负相关的关系,而cA则能明显上调Survivin在肝脏的表达水平,从而抑制肝细胞凋亡,对由ET诱导的肝损伤有可能发挥一定的保护作用。     

Hepatic lipidosis: Liver characteristics and acute phase proteins in affected turkeys

The hepatic lipidosis (HL) in fattening turkeys is a disease has been known for a long time, but the cause and pathogenesis is still not clarified. A recent study reported unexplained high levels of iron in liver tissue of fattening turkeys suffering from HL. In this study, the iron status, possible infectious or inflammatory influences in form of an acute phase reaction and the analysis of fatty acid pattern in liver tissue of turkeys affected by HL were examined. Three cases of HL on three different fattening turkey farms were investigated during the outbreak of the disease. Clinically affected and non-affected animals were subjected to a pathological examination, where the diagnosis HL or non-affected was made. In total, 70 birds were examined (40 with HL, 30 without HL) and blood and liver samples were taken. Additionally, samples from 15 slaughtered birds were taken as a further control group. In liver tissue, the iron content and the content of long-chain fatty acids were determined; in blood samples, ferritin and transferrin were measured. The iron content in liver tissue was more than three times higher for animals with HL than among non-affected animals and the control group. The transferrin levels were lowest for animals with HL, highest in the control group and in between for non-affected animals. The fatty acid pattern in liver tissue of affected animals indicated a shift from polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids compared to the control group and the non-affected animals. Overall, the non-affected animals of a flock affected by HL were similar to the healthy animals of the abattoir. The low acute phase protein levels for animals with HL together with high iron contents could indicate a previous malnutrition/starvation period and/or severe liver damage for those animals suffering from HL.