Resistance to cane spot (Elsinoë veneta) in the red raspberry and its relationship to resistance to yellow rust (Phragmidium rubi-idaei)

Summary Varying degrees of resistance to cane spot were recorded among red raspberries in two cultivar trials and in 15 segregating families. The inheritance of resistance was studied, and the effect of gene H which determines the presence of cane hairs was assessed in eight of the families. The 0 to 5 scale used to record disease incidence was found to approximate to a logarithmic scale for the range of 0 to 93 cane spots per cane. Gene H and h phenotypes averaged scores of 3.05 and 2.42 respectively, but other genes independent of these had more influence on resistance. The latter genes appeared to be largely dominant. The possibility is discussed that one of them was a major gene with a large effect, but the evidence was equivocal in the absence of discontinuity in the expression of resistance. Resistance to yellow rust was studied in five of the families and was highly correlated with resistance to cane spot. Gene H had more influence on this disease, the mean counts of telia per unit leaf area for H and h segregates being 17.1 and 4.1 respectively.     

AFLP analysis of genetic variability among Stylosanthes guianensis accessions resistant and susceptible to the stylo anthracnose

Stylosanthes guianensis, belonging to the genus Stylosanthes, is one of the most important tropical forage legumes and is native to South and Central America and Africa. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., is a major constraint to the extensive use of Stylosanthes as tropical forage. Forty‐two accessions of S. guianensis were assessed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) for genetic diversity and for resistance to anthracnose. In AFLP analysis, four selective primer combinations screened from 96 primer combinations were used to analyse these accessions, and a total of 225 clear bands were used for genetic similarity (GS) analysis, showing a 95.5% level of polymorphism on average. GS from 31.0% to 95.0% among the accessions was calculated with ntsys ‐pc software. The dendrogram was constructed with unweighted pair group method of averages (UPGMA) based on the AFLP data, and five clusters were defined at 48% GS. Two typical strains of C. gloeosporioides from Stylosanthes in China were used for anthracnose resistance screening. Most of the plant accessions showed variation in the reaction to two strains, and the correlation of resistance had a value of 0.904 (P < 0.01), suggesting common resistance to the two strains. The resistance accessions were randomly distributed in different groups of UPGMA clustering. These results demonstrate that AFLP analysis is an efficient method for evaluating the genetic diversity among S. guianensis accessions.     

壳聚糖对草莓冷藏和货架期间品质的影响

以"达赛莱克特"草莓为试材,研究1%壳聚糖处理的草莓果实在0℃低温贮藏7 d后20℃常温货架6 d期间的品质变化规律。结果表明:与对照(0.1%醋酸溶液处理)相比,壳聚糖处理降低了低温贮藏后期和货架期草莓果实的呼吸速率、花青素、类黄酮及酚类物质的含量,保持较高的果实硬度,显著减少了货架期草莓果实腐烂和霉菌的发生,对果实失重率和可溶性固形物含量无显著影响。表明1%壳聚糖处理可有效延缓草莓的采后衰老进程,延长果实的货架期。     

草莓的保鲜现状研究

草莓味道鲜美,受到人们的喜爱,但是却难以保藏。目前,草莓的保藏方法主要是控制温度,并使用保鲜剂进行贮藏。控制温度一般通过冷藏库实现。草莓控温在冰点以上进行冰温贮藏比普通的冷藏效果要好。而使用气调库、气调包装则能更好地保持草莓的新鲜度。     

核酸混配氨基酸在大棚草莓上应用的研究

介绍了核酸混配氨基酸在大棚草莓上的应用效果。试验结果表明，喷施核酸与氨基酸的混合液，草莓植株株高增加1．8cm，茎基宽增加0．43cm，大果率增加15％，糖度增加0．60，Vc含量增加120mg/kg，明显改善了草莓果实的品质，同时比常规对照增产幅度可达12．5％。以上说明核酸混配氨基酸在农业生产上具有很好的应用前景。     

森林草莓与栽培草莓体外抗氧化能力比较

为了鉴定草莓抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化能力,筛选具有较高营养价值的草莓遗传资源,以森林草莓和10个栽培草莓品种为试材,测定抗氧化物质,如总多酚、类黄酮、花青素、维生素C含量;采用2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基(ABTS)清除法、铁离子还原能力(FRAP)测评了不同试材的体外抗氧化能力。结果表明,森林草莓抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化能力要远高于测试的栽培草莓;在10个栽培品种中,哈尼和凤冠的营养品质表现较好;总多酚含量与抗氧化能力呈显著正相关关系。主成分分析表明总多酚是草莓抗氧化能力的重要物质基础,即花青素与维生素C也是草莓抗氧化能力的主要组成参数。遗传背景对于草莓的抗氧化物质和抗氧化能力起重要作用;森林草莓的抗氧化能力高于测试的栽培品种,具有进一步开发和综合利用潜力。     

田七炭疽病的病原及其生物学特性的研究

炭疽病是靖西县田七〔Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen〕的主要病害,其病原有以C_1、C_2、C_3和C_4菌株为代表的四种形态型。经鉴定,C_1和C_2菌株为Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.,C_3和C_4为C.dematium(Pers.ex Fr.)Grove。过去认为靖西田七幼苗猝倒病是由丝核菌Rhizoctonia sp.引起的,经研究证实,其病原是C.gloeosporioides引起的一种幼苗炭疽病。 C_1菌株是田七炭疽病的优势菌株,其生长温度范围4～32℃,最适温度为15～28℃;水滴或水膜是分生孢子形成和萌发的主要条件。C_1菌株在PDA培养基上有产孢型与不产孢型之分,但用“植物组织+PDA”培养不产孢型,可在植物组织上诱发产孢成功,其中以茄科和豆科的一些植物组织上产孢量较大。     

草莓炭疽病病原鉴定及其生物学特性研究

于辽宁省抚顺市栽培的草莓品种的茎上分离得到一种炭疽病菌。针对病菌的形态特征、培养性状及其有性形态进行了生物学特性等研究。结果表明:该炭疽病菌属胶孢炭疽菌〔Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc.〕;该病原菌在PSA和PDA培养基上生长最好,PSA培养基最适于病菌产孢;菌丝生长和产孢的温度范围为10～35℃,最适温度25℃,适宜pH值为4～6;光照可促进产孢,而全黑暗有抑制作用;对碳源的利用,果糖最好,纤维素最差;对氮源的利用,蛋白胨最好,尿素最差;孢子萌发的最适温度为30℃,低于5℃不能萌发;萌发最适pH值为5～7,高于10不萌发,光照对孢子萌发无明显影响。     

用非致病菌诱导黄瓜抗炭疽病的研究

从１０种分离自不同寄主植物上的真菌中，筛选出对炭疽病具有较好诱抗效果的６号菌种，该菌能侵染黄瓜但不表现症状。在ＰＤＡ平板上，该菌对黄瓜炭疽病菌无拮抗作用。在黄瓜第１片真叶展开时，用为１０００×１０＾７／Ｌ的６号孢子悬浮液喷雾诱导接种，３ｄ后产生诱导抗病性，７ｄ后诱导抗病性增强，相对防病效果达６４．７％，１５ｄ后诱导抗病性减弱，用２次诱导处理可提高诱抗效果并延长其保持的时间。     

外源钙对盐胁迫下草莓叶绿素荧光参数的影响

以草莓品种达赛莱克特和幸香为试材,利用盆栽法研究了外源钙对NaCl胁迫下草莓叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果发现,在盐胁迫下各处理初始荧光Fo均上升,Fv/Fm值、Fv/Fo值均呈下降趋势,钙处理后上述叶绿素各参数变化都较平缓。表明钙处理可有效缓解盐胁迫对草莓PSⅡ系统的伤害,进而在缓解盐胁迫中发挥重要作用。这主要归因于钙离子通过与植物体内CaM结合启动一系列生理生化反应,进而在缓解盐胁迫中发挥重要作用。