新型腐植酸有机肥对马铃薯茎基腐病的防效

马铃薯茎基腐病是影响马铃薯生产的重要病害,目前尚未有效的综合防控措施.试验的目的是通过新型腐植酸肥料与同等养分配方化肥的田间比较试验,探讨新型腐植酸有机肥对马铃薯茎基腐病预防效果.结果表明,5～15 g壤动FT/100 kg种薯配合腐植酸肥料对马铃薯生长发育安全,在出苗率、苗高、单株根数、最大根长、芽长分别优于配方化肥...     

Relationship Between Allelopathic Effects and Functional Traits of Different Allelopathic Potential Rice Accessions at Different Growth Stages

In this study,effects of temperature,light and their interactions on allelopathic effects and the functional traits specific leaf area(SLA)and stem mass fraction(SMF)of different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages were analyzed.The main results were as follows:Allelopathic responses to temperature and light varied with different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages.With the rise of temperature and the extension of photoperiod,allelopathic effect increased firstly and then decreased at 2–3 leaf stage,but increased constantly at the 4–5 and 7–8 leaf stages in strong allelopathic rice accessions[O.longistaminata,F1(O.longistaminata×RD23),F2(RL159 and RL169)].Temperature had significant impact on allelopathic effect without considering light factors,but light showed little effect on rice allelopathy at the same temperature conditions.The greatest allelopathic effect was attained with moderate temperature and long photoperiod at 2–3 leaf stage in strong allelopathic rice accessions,but all the rice accessions showed weak allelopathic effects at the low temperature condition(15oC/10oC),and the influence of different factors on allelopathy followed a general trend as temperatureleaf stagelight,indicating that among the multiple factors impacting rice allelopathy,temperature was the main factor.Allelopathic characteristics of F1 and F2 to various temperature and light were similar to O.longistaminata,showing that allelopathic genes from wild rice can be expressed in its descendants.Temperature and light also had significant effects on SLA and SMF,and rice allelopathy was closely correlative to SLA in strong allelopathic rice accessions at the 4–5 and 7–8 leaf stages,but there was no correlation between rice allelopathy and SMF at different growth stages.These results suggested that rice adjust the relationship between allelopathy and SLA and adapt to the varied environments,and that high temperature and long photoperiod can enhance rice allelopathic activity.     

油菜黑胫病菌（Leptosphaeria biglobosa）生物学特性研究

为了解我国油菜黑胫病病原菌（Leptosphaeria biglobosa）的生物学特性,在实验室里研究了温度、pH值、光照、碳源及氮源等条件对该病菌营养生长及分生孢子产生的影响。结果表明：病原菌在5℃～35℃均可进行营养生长并产孢,最适生长和产孢温度为25℃;在pH4～10的范围内该菌均能生长并产孢,在pH7的条件下生长最快,产孢最多。光暗交替有利于菌丝生长和产孢,而持续光照不利于菌丝生长,尤其不利于产孢。最适的碳源、氮源分别是可溶性淀粉、牛肉膏。分生孢子的致死温度为52℃。     

群体密度控制以及打顶对脱毒马铃薯生长的影响

为研究马铃薯主茎数量以及打顶对马铃薯生长的影响,以丽薯7号为材料,通过盆栽试验研究人工控制主茎数量以及打顶的物理方法对马铃薯生长的影响。研究表明:每穴3茎是较好的群体密度调控,能够提高马铃薯产量。打顶有利于控制马铃薯株型,削弱其顶端优势,减少地上部茎叶对地下块茎的抑制,增加了马铃薯产量。     

中微量元素肥料不同用量对超级稻品种倒伏及产量的影响

为了明确中微量元素肥料(主要成份Ca O、MgO、SiO_2和ZnO含量分别为20%、12%、10%和3%)不同用量对超级稻抗倒伏能力和产量形成的影响,于2014年早、晚季以超级稻品种天优3618为材料,设置4个用量水平(F0,对照,全生育期不施用,F1、F2和F3用量分别为25 kg/667 m~2、50 kg/667 m~2和75 kg/667 m~2)进行大田试验,研究中微量元素肥料施用对水稻的茎秆抗折力、形态结构和产量形成的影响。结果表明,中微量元素肥料的施用显著降低了早晚稻的倒伏指数和重心高度,与对照相比,F1和F2处理分别使水稻的倒伏指数和重心高度下降10.50%、8.37%和2.56%、2.22%;显著提高了水稻的单株和单茎抗折力、节间抗折力、节间的鲜质量百分比和茎壁厚度,分别较对照平均提高10.78%、13.49%、12.33%、11.93%和4.81%;同时基部不同节间对中微量元素肥料的响应存在差异,其中第2节间倒伏指数的下降幅度较第3节间多5.51个百分点,而第2节间的鲜质量百分比、鲜质量/干质量、茎壁厚度和粗度则分别多增加3.55个、2.41个、0.98个和0.19个百分点;中微量元素肥料的施用也有利于水稻产量的形成,但除成穗率和抽穗期绿叶面积外,其他指标各处理与对照的差异并未达显著水平。上述结果表明,中微量元素肥料能提高水稻的抗倒伏能力,有利于水稻产量的形成,其适宜用量为25~50 kg/667 m~2。     

甘薯茎尖培养的适宜培养基筛选

利用已报道的8种不同的甘薯茎尖培养基，对6个甘薯栽培品种的茎尖分生组织进行培养，结果表明，不同甘薯品种茎尖培养成功率差异较大，6－BA1.0mg/L＋NAA0.24mg/L＋MS为相对广谱的培养基。6个品种培养的平均成苗率达65.4%。金山1255、金山57、湘75－55较易培养，其平均成苗率达68.2%。而新种花、夏引一号平均成苗率较低，说明甘薯茎尖培养基具有基因型选择性。     

Effect of pre-planting temperature and light treatments of seed tubers on potato yield and tuber size distribution

Summary From 1985 to 1987 field experiments were caried out to test the influence of different pre-planting storage treatments on yield and size distribution of potato crops. The storage treatments included 4, 8 and 12°C in the light and in the dark, for different periods before planting. Subjecting the seed tubers to light at low temperatures induced crops to produce a larger proportion of smaller sized tubers while storing seed tubers at higher temperatures in the dark led to an increase of tubers >55 mm. These observations were confirmed in five field experiments with two cultivars at two sites and in three growing seasons.     

火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取及抗氧化活性研究

为研究火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取工艺及抗氧化活性。在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计和响应面分析方法,确定超高压提取的最优工艺,并从清除ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基能力方面来评价火龙果茎多糖的体外抗氧化能力。结果表明,火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取的最佳工艺条件为:液固比10∶1(m L∶g)、超高压压力300 MPa、超高压时间4 min。在此工艺条件下多糖得率为(2.83±0.02)%。火龙果茎对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基具有清除作用,对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率IC_(50)分别为浓度为4.3 mg/m L和5.5 mg/m L时。     

A Therapeutic Potential for Marine Skeletal Proteins in Bone Regeneration

A vital ingredient for engineering bone tissue, in the culture dish, is the use of recombinant matrix and growth proteins to help accelerate the growth of cultivated tissues into clinically acceptable quantities. The skeletal organic matrices of calcifying marine invertebrates are an untouched potential source of such growth inducing proteins. They have the advantage of being ready-made and retain the native state of the original protein. Striking evidence shows that skeleton building bone morphogenic protein-2/4 (BMP) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) exist within various marine invertebrates such as, corals. Best practice mariculture and the latest innovations in long-term marine invertebrate cell cultivation can be implemented to ensure that these proteins are produced sustainably and supplied continuously. This also guarantees that coral reef habitats are not damaged during the collection of specimens. Potential proteins for bone repair, either extracted from the skeleton or derived from cultivated tissues, can be identified, evaluated and retrieved using chromatography, cell assays and proteomic methods. Due to the current evidence for bone matrix protein analogues in marine invertebrates, together with the methods established for their production and retrieval there is a genuine prospect that they can be used to regenerate living bone for potential clinical use.     

王朗自然保护区岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)树干解析研究

采集王朗自然保护区内一株树龄为293a生岷江冷杉,按照树干解析的步骤,截取圆盘获得数据,研究结果表明:在整个生长期内,岷江冷杉的总生长量始终保持较快的增长,平均生长量较平稳,但是连年生长量表现出参差不齐的状况;胸径连年生长量几乎全部高于树高连年生长量,说明岷江冷杉的胸径的生长快于树高的生长,生长过程中以树干的增粗为主;材积生长量还未出现峰值,平均生长量和连年生长量还没有相交,还未达到数量成熟龄。说明岷江冷杉生长状况良好,其环境适合其生长。