优质茶鲜对品质成份在年周期中的动态变化

通过全年茶季各阶段测定,分析了芽叶的机械组成,叶、梗及整体的水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、儿茶素总量和纤维素的动态变化。探明叶/梗比值可以作为鲜叶嫩度指标;而5个品质成份中,以水浸出物和氨基酸的季节性差异达极显著水平,并据此建立回归方程。     

条锈菌诱导的小麦MBF1转录辅激活因子基因的克隆及其特征分析

应用电子克隆和RT-PCR方法,从小麦叶片中分离出一个条锈菌诱导的编码MBF1基因的cDNA序列,暂被命名为TaMBF1a。TaMBF1a包含一个完整的429 bp的开放阅读框,编码142个氨基酸,具有MBF1保守结构域;小麦TaMBF1a氨基酸序列与水稻OsMBF1相似性达92%,与拟南芥AtMBF1a相似性达80%。TaMBF1a编码的蛋白可能是核蛋白,且该基因在小麦根、茎、叶组织中表达量基本一致。在小麦与条锈菌的亲和、非亲和互作中,TaMBF1a基因均受条锈菌诱导高水平表达,且非亲和组合表达量高于亲和组合。外源植物激素水杨酸、乙烯、脱落酸也可诱导该基因快速上调表达,表明TaMBF1a可能通过水杨酸、乙烯等信号途径参与小麦对条锈菌的防御反应。     

基于柔性夹持的青菜头收获机设计与试验

为解决西南丘陵山地青菜头机械化收获问题,结合青菜头生物特性和农艺要求,设计了一种具有柔性夹持功能的小型青菜头收获机。阐述了整机结构与工作原理,并对样机关键部件进行了结构设计和理论分析,柔性夹持装置初始间隙为60mm,最大允许通过青菜头直径为150mm,分析得到夹持输送带速度为0.37m/s、所需最大夹持力为38.04N;对割台架的仿地形能力和结构动力特性进行了分析,可得该结构允许地形起伏度为50mm,在安装割刀位置振幅最大,前5阶固有频率为115.63~783.60Hz,远大于发动机和地形产生的激励频率,因此不会发生共振现象。田间试验结果表明,切割及夹持输送机构运行平稳、振动小、切割有力、夹持力度适中;切割成功率为89.5%,青菜头损伤率为10.8%,实际工作效率为0.035hm2/h,各项性能指标基本满足设计和农艺技术要求。     

野菊嫩茎的组织培养

在适宜的培养条件下,利用野菊花的嫩茎作为外植体,用组织培养的方法,在MS培养基上生长良好,获得再生植株.练苗后,成活率达100%,生长势强,茎粗壮叶色浓绿.结果表明:利用组织培养的方式对野菊花进行扩繁,简便易行.     

Response of Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Tempranillo’ to partial rootzone drying in the field: Water relations, growth, yield and fruit and wine quality

This paper reports the effects of irrigation amount and partial rootzone drying (PRD) on water relations, growth, yield and wine quality of Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Tempranillo’ during two consecutive years in a commercial vineyard with a deep, light-clay soil located in Requena, Valencia, Spain. Partial rootzone drying applied at two amounts (100% and 50% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration), was compared to conventional drip irrigation, and also to rainfed vines. Results showed that the effects of irrigation amount on yield and wine quality were different between years. In 2003 with low yield values (around 6.3 t ha⁻¹) irrigation did neither affect grape production nor wine quality. However, in the following year, with much higher general yield (17 t ha⁻¹), the high irrigation dose increased yield by 30% compared to rainfed vines and it also increased must total soluble solids and wine alcohol content. In both seasons, PRD did not significantly affect physiological parameters, nor growth, yield or fruit and wine quality, when compared to the same amount of water applied by conventional drip irrigation. Overall these results suggest that, under our experimental conditions, it was the irrigation amount rather than the system of application what affected vine performance, indicating the difficulties of successfully employing the PRD type of irrigation with a drip system in heavy and deep soils.     

Determining reference values for stem water potential and maximum daily trunk shrinkage in young apple trees based on plant responses to water deficit

The use of plant water status indicators such as midday stem water potential (Ψ_stem) and maximum daily trunk shrinkage (MDS) in irrigation scheduling requires the definition of a reference or threshold value, beyond which irrigation is necessary. These reference values are generally obtained by comparing the seasonal variation of plant water status with the environmental conditions under non-limiting soil water availability. In the present study an alternative approach is presented based on the plant’s response to water deficit. A drought experiment was carried out on two apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Mutsu’ and ‘Cox Orange’) in which both indicators (Ψ_stem and MDS) were related to several plant physiological responses. Sap flow rates, maximum net photosynthesis rates and daily radial stem growth (DRSG) (derived from continuous stem diameter variation measurements) were considered in the assessment of the approach. Depending on the chosen plant response in relationship with Ψ_stem or MDS, the obtained reference values varied between −1.04 and −1.46 MPa for Ψ_stem and between 0.17 and 0.28 mm for MDS. In both cultivars, the approach based on maximum photosynthesis rates resulted in less negative Ψ_stem values and smaller MDS values, compared to the approaches with sap flow and daily radial stem growth. In the well-irrigated apple trees, day-to-day variations in midday Ψ_stem and MDS were related to the evaporative demand. These variations were more substantial for MDS than for midday Ψ_stem.     

The stromal cells and the hematopoietic restitution of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

As a major component of the hematopoietic microenvironment,stromal cells have been proved to support hematopoiesis. This review describes the constitution, origin of stromal cells and its mrechanism of regulate hematopoiesis, and then elaborates that the stromal cells play a important role in the hematopoietic restitution of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.     

火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取及抗氧化活性研究

为研究火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取工艺及抗氧化活性。在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计和响应面分析方法,确定超高压提取的最优工艺,并从清除ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基能力方面来评价火龙果茎多糖的体外抗氧化能力。结果表明,火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取的最佳工艺条件为:液固比10∶1(m L∶g)、超高压压力300 MPa、超高压时间4 min。在此工艺条件下多糖得率为(2.83±0.02)%。火龙果茎对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基具有清除作用,对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率IC_(50)分别为浓度为4.3 mg/m L和5.5 mg/m L时。     

天选系列冬小麦品种抗条锈性分析

天选系列冬小麦品种是陇南麦区最重要的冬小麦品种之一,具有抗条锈性强、丰产性好的特点,为陇南小麦条锈病的持续控制发挥了重要作用。为明确13个天选系列冬小麦品种抗条锈性及其所含抗条锈病基因,选用26个国内外条锈菌单孢菌系对其进行苗期、成株期抗病性鉴定,并结合系谱分析进行了基因推导。结果发现,在苗期,天选44号、天选46号和天选50号的抗性谱与已知基因载体品种洛夫林13基本一致,可能含有Yr9及未知抗条锈病基因;天选43号、天选48号和天选51号的抗性谱与已知基因载体品种Moro一致,可能含有Yr10+Yrmor;天选52号、天选53号和天选55号的抗性谱与Line R55基本一致,可能含有Yr26,其余品种抗性谱与已知基因载体品种不一致,初步推测含有未知抗条锈病基因。天选43号、天选44号、天选46号、天选48号、天选50号、天选51号、天选52号、天选53号和天选55号对条锈菌新菌系G22-9和G22-14表现感病,对其余供试小种(菌系)表现抗病;天选47号和天选49号对CYr33、G22-9和G22-14表现感病;天选45号和天选54号对所有供试小种(菌系)均表现抗病。在甘肃省不同生态区的7个试验点进行成株期抗条锈性评价,发现除天选44号、天选45号和天选54号表现抗病外,其余品种均表现感病。     

汉中市小麦条锈病流行的影响因子及预测模型

为掌握汉中市小麦条锈病流行规律,提高病害测报的科学性和准确性,采用DPS数据处理系统,对多年来汉中市小麦条锈病测报资料进行了主导因素分析,筛选出影响发病程度的主要因子包括小麦感病品种种植比例(x1)、秋苗病田率(x2)、秋苗单位面积平均病叶数(x3)、1月份平均气温(x6)、上年11月份降雨量(x11)、早春病田率(x18)、3月中旬病田率(x19),与发生程度(y)进行逐步回归分析,建立了发病程度预测模型:y=-6.354 7+0.084 0x1+0.022 8x3+0.662 8x6+0.020 9x11,R2=0.968 7。拟合预测符合率为92.31%,相对误差8.96%。利用预测模型对2014-2016年汉中市小麦条锈病进行预测,预测的病级分别为2.93、3.21、1.92,与2014、2015、2016年发生的实际病级3、3、2相吻合。此模型可应用于生产中小麦条锈病的测报。