糖蜜和米糠对香蕉茎叶青贮饲料品质的影响

【目的】考察单独或联合添加糖蜜和米糠对香蕉茎叶青贮饲料品质的影响,为寻找出便于推广应用的青贮发酵方法提供参考依据。【方法】在对香蕉茎叶进行青贮发酵时,分别设添加4%乳酸菌（LAB组）、4%乳酸菌＋4%糖蜜（糖蜜组）、4%乳酸菌＋4%米糠（米糠组）、4%乳酸菌＋4%糖蜜＋4%米糠（混合组）4个处理组及不添加任何辅料的对照组,青贮30 d后对各青贮饲料品质指标进行测定分析。【结果】与对照组相比,4个处理组青贮饲料的发酵品质明显提高,其感官评分均高于51分,达到良好或优等青贮饲料的标准。其中,添加米糠（米糠组、混合组）可降低青贮饲料的水分含量,提高粗蛋白含量;添加糖蜜（糖蜜组、混合组）可明显改善青贮饲料的感官品质,提高蛋白质含量,降低pH、氨态氮和单宁含量;联合添加糖蜜与米糠（混合组）不仅显著提高了青贮饲料的干物质和粗蛋白含量,还有效降低了氨态氮、粗纤维和单宁含量,呈协同作用。【结论】复合添加乳酸菌、糖蜜和米糠能改善香蕉茎叶青贮饲料品质,显著提高青贮饲料的消化利用率和营养价值。     

CORRELATIONS AMONG ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS OF OPTIC NERVE SHEATH DIAMETER,AGE, AND BODY WEIGHT IN CLINICALLY NORMAL HORSES

Early diagnosis of high intracranial pressure (ICP) is critical for minimizing progressive brain injury due to reduced cerebral perfusion. In people, detecting enlargement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by transpalpebral ultrasonography has been found to be an accurate test for high ICP. Aims of this prospective, observational, cross‐sectional study were to test hypotheses that (1) ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD would be repeatable in horses, (2) have acceptable interobserver agreement, and (3) would be correlated with age and body weight. The sample population included 48 horses without clinical signs of high ICP and with varying ages and body weights. Two observers independently performed ONSD measurements in both eyes. All measurements ranged from 2.6 to 6.5 mm. The mean difference of repeated measures within observers was ≤0.1 mm and the coefficients of variation ranged from 5.0% to 8.8%. The mean difference of measures between observers was ≤0.2 mm. After correcting for performing multiple tests, no significant rank correlation (all r < 0.4 [absolute value]) was detected between ONSD and age or body weight. However, we observed smaller ONSD in foals versus adults (all P ≤ 0.002). In the foals, all observed measures of rostrocaudal and dorsoventral ONSD were <5 mm. In the adults, all observed measures of rostrocaudal and dorsoventral ONSD were ≤6.5 mm. Findings indicated that ultrasonographic ONSD measurement is a feasible test for use in horses of varying ages and sizes. Further investigation of this ultrasonographic measure as a clinical test for horse with suspected high ICP is warranted.     

遵义小钝吻鮠体表黏液抗菌肽的分离纯化

[目的]从遵义小钝吻鮠(Leioxassis microcrassirostris Zunyiensis Xiao sp.nov.)体表黏液中获取高质量的抗菌肽,为提高其先天免疫能力及病害防治效果奠定基础.[方法]采用物理方法收集遵义小钝吻鮠的体表黏液,以5％乙酸进行浸提,采用SephadexG-50和SephadexG-25两步凝胶层析技术对抗菌粗提物进行分离纯化,结合Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳法进行分离鉴定,并运用牛津杯法和挖孔法进行抑菌试验.[结果]遵义小钝吻鮠体表黏液经乙酸法浸提处理并冷冻干燥,其粗提物呈白色粉末,稀释液蛋白质含量为1755 μg/mL;经SephadexG-50凝胶层析分离,其纯化产物抑菌活性峰主要在峰Ⅱ和峰Ⅲ,抑菌圈直径11.66 mm;再经SephadexG-25凝胶层析分离纯化后出现单一活性峰,其产物为分子量小于4.1kD的抗菌肽,抑菌圈直径12.85mm.[结论]遵义小钝吻鮠无需诱导刺激,可直接采用物理方法收集其体表黏液,以5％乙酸浸提后经SephadexG-50和SephadexG-25两步凝胶层析便可分离出纯度较高的抗菌肽.     

水稻控蘖增粒栽培技术增产原因初探

以金优桂９９、Ｗ６１５４Ｓ／特青、香Ｓ／ＧＥＲ－１等杂交组合为材料，从分蘖节位、茎杆粗细、穗粒结构等方面探讨“控蘖法”对杂交水稻的增产原因。     

巨尾桉树干(去皮)含水率与生物量的研究

研究巨尾桉树干 (去皮 )含水率的分布规律后 ,认为巨尾桉树干 (去皮 )的含水率可以采用调查 3/1 0 H处的含水率获得 ,大大减小巨尾桉树干 (去皮 )生物量调查工作量 .选用模型W =0 .0 1 1 2 70 7( D2 H ) 1.0 3 919,R =0 .9863编制了巨尾桉二元树干 (去皮 )绝干重表 ,并在此基础上导出巨尾桉一元树干 (去皮 )绝干重表     

Cell-free extract from porcine induced pluripotent stem cells can affect porcine somatic cell nuclear reprogramming

Pretreatment of somatic cells with undifferentiated cell extracts, such as embryonic stem cells and mammalian oocytes, is an attractive alternative method for reprogramming control. The properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are similar to those of embryonic stem cells; however, no studies have reported somatic cell nuclear reprogramming using iPSC extracts. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of porcine iPSC extracts treatment on porcine ear fibroblasts and early development of porcine cloned embryos produced from porcine ear skin fibroblasts pretreated with the porcine iPSC extracts. The Chariot^TM reagent system was used to deliver the iPSC extracts into cultured porcine ear skin fibroblasts. The iPSC extracts-treated cells (iPSC-treated cells) were cultured for 3 days and used for analyzing histone modification and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Compared to the results for nontreated cells, the trimethylation status of histone H3 lysine residue 9 (H3K9) in the iPSC-treated cells significantly decreased. The expression of Jmjd2b, the H3K9 trimethylation-specific demethylase gene, significantly increased in the iPSC-treated cells; conversely, the expression of the proapoptotic genes, Bax and p53, significantly decreased. When the iPSC-treated cells were transferred into enucleated porcine oocytes, no differences were observed in blastocyst development and total cell number in blastocysts compared with the results for control cells. However, H3K9 trimethylation of pronuclear-stage-cloned embryos significantly decreased in the iPSC-treated cells. Additionally, Bax and p53 gene expression in the blastocysts was significantly lower in iPSC-treated cells than in control cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that an extracts of porcine iPSCs can affect histone modification and gene expression in porcine ear skin fibroblasts and cloned embryos.     

导孔直径对木结构用规格材握螺钉力性能的影响

探讨导孔直径对木结构用规格材（云杉、落叶松、花旗松、马尾松）握螺钉力性能的影响。结果表明:导孔直径对木结构用规格材的握螺钉力影响较大,随着导孔直径的增大,握螺钉力会缓慢降低,当导孔直径在2~3 mm时,握螺钉力相对稳定;随着导孔直径进一步增大,握螺钉力会急剧下降。4种规格材的纵面握钉力从大到小的顺序是马尾松、花旗松、云杉、落叶松。     

微生物发酵烟梗水提物的制备及其在再造烟叶中的应用

为提高烟梗水提物的抽吸品质与可用性,采用从红大烟叶表面分离的HD4、HD12菌株对烟梗水提物进行发酵处理.经GC - MS检测,与未经处理的烟梗水提物(CK)相比,经徽生物处理后的烟梗水提物中香味物质的含量增加,其中,经HD4、HD12菌株处理后的烟梗水提物样品中香味物质总相对含量分别增加了12.3个百分点和18.7个百分点;杂环类物质种类和相对含量均明显增加,HD4菌株处理后的样品杂环类物质由6种增加到11种,相对含量由3.29％增加到40.63％;进行再造烟叶涂布后感官评价发现,使用微生物处理烟梗水提物的再造烟叶样品香气丰富性与香气量增加、木质杂气减少、细腻性与甜润感改善,抽吸品质有较大提升,且HD4样品的抽吸效果好于HD12样品.因此,使用微生物对烟梗水提物进行发酵处理是提高烟梗水提物抽吸品质与可用性的有效方法,且HD4菌株的效果较优.