叶用辣木新品种‘中林2号’

 ‘中林2号’是从缅甸引种的辣木中选育出的新品种。腋芽、附芽和潜伏芽排列密集,成枝率高。截干后的植株再生能力强。复叶长33.5 cm,宽21.7 cm。盛产期年均鲜叶产量可达30 000 kg · hm^-2。叶粉蛋白质含量可达293 g · kg^-1。适于营建叶用良种园。     

BBTV两个株系DNA组分1的克隆及序列分析

 对在生物学特性特别是寄主范围上存在明显差异的NSP株系和NS株系的代表分离物(广州天河分离物和高州分离物)的DNA组分1进行了克隆和序列分析,结果表明:2个代表分离物的DNA组分1全序列、ORF及其编码的氨基酸序列的变异率分别为3.2%、3.1%和2.8%,从而进一步确证了可以用寄主范围来作上述2个株系的鉴定。此外,这2个株系的DNA组分1、ORF及其编码的氨基酸序列分别与肖火根等报道的中国(广东)分离物、以及亚洲组和南太平洋组各分离物进行比较,结果表明:NS株系与肖火根等报道的中国(广东)分离物的亲缘关系很密切;这2个株系与亚洲组各分离物的差异均较小,而与南太平洋组各分离物的差异均较大,它们应属亚洲组。     

中越边境壮族地区早期修筑水利工程的重要物证——对更贵水渠及其摩崖题刻的历史解读

本文依据调查及文献资料,认为广西龙州县上龙乡更贵山水渠是目前所知的中越边境壮族地区早期修筑的水利工程之一,立于其旁记载着该工程修筑经过的摩崖碑刻具有珍贵的史料价值。该水利工程对中越边境地区壮族民众的农业生产起到了积极的作用,体现了修筑者坚强的意志,有助于人们认识明朝时期壮族的农业生产技术水平。在自然经济条件下,官绅阶层和政府在聚合力量、稳定社会、促进经济发展中扮演着重要的角色。当前,政府在保护农业文明遗产方面同样肩负着重要使命。     

番茄褪绿病毒病在山东设施西葫芦上的发生及潜在危害

番茄褪绿病毒tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV)是我国蔬菜生产的重要新发病毒,其寄主范围逐年扩大。2019年10月项目组在山东寿光西葫芦温室调查时发现部分叶片呈现黄化、脉间褪绿,类似于ToCV侵染症状,并伴有烟粉虱发生。利用特异性引物检测发现,扩增的目的片段与GenBank中登录的侵染番茄的ToCV基因序列(登录号：KC887998.1)同源性高达99.58%,充分说明西葫芦植株已被ToCV侵染。通过对病毒病发生规律和烟粉虱虫口数量调查发现,西葫芦定植后1个月表现侵染症状的植株为2.0%,定植后2个月达到4.2%,定植后4个月后高达68.2%,病毒发生呈指数增长,而烟粉虱虫口数量却维持较低密度。从济南和德州采集的西葫芦疑似病叶和烟粉虱中也检出ToCV病毒,说明该病毒可能已经在山东省设施西葫芦主要种植区普遍发生,并经烟粉虱广泛传播,需引起高度重视。     

Identification of divergent variants of Grapevine virus A

Eight isolates of Grapevine virus A (GVA), which induced different symptoms in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, were recovered from various grapevines. The dsRNA patterns of two isolates, which consistently induced mild vein clearing (referred here as mild isolates of GVA) were similar, but different from those of other isolates of GVA. Analysis based on overall nucleotide (nt) sequence identity in the 3 terminal part of the GVA genome, comprising part of ORF3 (putative movement protein, MP), entire ORF4 (capsid protein, CP), entire ORF5 and part of 3 UTR, revealed that GVA isolates separate into three groups (I, II, III), sharing 91.0–99.8% nt sequence identity within groups and 78.0–89.3% nt sequence identity between groups. Mild isolates of the virus were group III and shared only 78.0–79.6% nt sequence identity with the other isolates. The comparison of predicted amino acid sequences for MP and CP revealed many amino acid alterations, revealing distinct local net charges of these proteins for mild isolates of the virus. Based on both conserved and divergent nt regions in the CP and ORF5, oligonucleotide primers were designed for the simultaneous RT-PCR detection of all GVA isolates and for the specific detection of the most divergent virus variants represented here by mild isolates of the virus.     

Intra-specific variation and inheritance of BYDV-PAV transmission in the aphid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sitobion avenae</Emphasis>

Vector efficiency of 44 clonal lines (clones) of Sitobion avenae belonging to 31 different genotypes (distinct patterns for five microsatellite loci) originating from Western France was evaluated by transmitting the isolate PAV4 of BYDV-PAV to barley seedlings. Variation in transmission rates from 3.7% to 92.5% was observed, with significant effects of the aphid clone, of the plant species on which clones were collected, and of the reproductive mode of the clones. When genotypes are considered instead of clones, a continuum in transmission rates was observed. A subset of S. avenae clones was tested for transmission of one (10 clones) and 13 (4 clones) other BYDV-PAV isolates, and a clear clone effect modulated by an isolate effect was observed. Crosses were made between clones with different vectoring phenotypes and their F1 progeny were tested for PAV4 transmission. The narrow sense heritability of the PAV transmission character was rather high in the F1 families (h²=0.5) and the segregation analyses suggested an oligo/polygenic determinism of this character. The possibility of generating new transmission variants by sexual reproduction and its consequences on transmission mechanism studies and on BYD epidemics are discussed.     

灰飞虱体内水稻条纹病毒的检测

为评价灰飞虱体内水稻条纹病毒检测方法的适用范围,利用已经制备的水稻条纹病毒(Rice stripe virus,RSV)的多克隆抗体SV21和单克隆抗体3B9,采用多孔板间接ELISA、DIBA和Western blotting等三种方法进行单头灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus Fallén(SBPH)体内RSV检测。结果表明,检测灵敏度以多孔板间接ELISA最高,其次为DIBA,Western blotting最低;用单克隆抗体3B9检测灵敏度高于多克隆抗体SV21。RT-PCR、IC-RT-PCR和DB-RT-PCR三种方法中,RT-PCR对单头灰飞虱稀释到400倍可检测到病毒;IC-RT-PCR在多克隆抗体SV21稀释浓度大于500倍时检测不出RSV,单克隆抗体3B9稀释浓度大于800倍时检测不到RSV;DB-RT-PCR检测结果显示,单头灰飞虱在稀释400倍后均无阳性反应。     

2012年玉米大斑病重发原因和控制对策

玉米大斑病是由真菌引起的世界性玉米病害,常给生产造成严重损失。2012年玉米大斑病在东北、华北地区大流行,本文归纳了玉米大斑病全国发生概况、区域分布和各地病情。总结了2012年玉米大斑病发病时间早,流行速度快,品种间和地区间发病程度差异大等发生特点,分析了适宜天气条件、主栽品种不抗病、栽培管理措施不合理是导致大斑病重发的主要原因。并针对性地提出了重视玉米病害的预测预报、推荐种植抗病品种、加强病害综合防治的对策建议,旨在对今后进一步做好玉米大斑病测报工作,指导玉米病害防治、有效控制其危害、保障玉米生产有所裨益。     

基于MaxEnt模型的柑橘木虱在西南地区潜在分布模拟

本研究应用生态位软件MaxEnt和地理信息系统软件ArcGIS预测柑橘木虱在西南地区的潜在地理分布范围,筛选影响柑橘木虱分布的关键变量。结果表明柑橘木虱在西南地区高适生区主要位于西藏东南部、四川中东部、重庆大部、贵州大部和云南中北部,总面积为52.03万km 2,占西南地区总面积的23.89%。影响柑橘木虱分布的关键变量为最冷月最低温度、最冷季度平均温度、最湿季度降水量、最暖季度降水量、最暖季度平均温度和最暖月最高温度。本研究不仅模拟了柑橘木虱在西南地区的潜在地理分布,更为该虫的分布与环境变量之间关系的研究提供了理论参考。     

云南苹果产区苹果茎沟病毒(ASGV)的发现及其分子变异

【目的】为了查明云南省苹果产区的苹果茎沟病毒病毒(Apple stem grooving virus,ASGV)的侵染情况和不同来源分离物间的分子变异情况,【方法】以云南昭通、丽江、昆明、曲靖等地采集的325份苹果病毒样品为试材,采用RT-PCR技术对其是否携带ASGV进行检测,运用DNAMAN6.0、MEGA5.0对实验获得的6个分离物和GenBank上已登录的34个分离物进行序列比对分析。【结果】ASGV在云南各大苹果产区的发病率高达48%。序列比对结果显示,这些分离物的核苷酸序列相似性为87.3%～93.8%,氨基酸序列相似性为90.7%～98.7%。系统发育树显示,云南的6个分离物聚为一簇,而陕西省苹果分离物YL06与云南省分离物ZT1、TJX1亲缘关系比较近,聚为一支;ASGV苹果分离物要明显区别于ASGV梨分离物和CTLV柑橘分离物。【结论】云南省苹果产区苹果树的ASGV带毒率高达48%,推测可能是一种发生率比较普遍的病毒病,这是云南省发现的首次报道。系统发育树显示:本研究获得的6个苹果分离物明显区别于其他寄主分离物,并且与其他地区的分离物具有一定差异,推测在我国,ASGV的分子变异与寄主/地域来源存在着一定的相关性。