小麦高低畦宽苗带播种机设计与试验

根据井灌区小麦的种植特点,设计一种新型的小麦高低畦宽苗带播种机,集造畦、施肥、播种、镇压于一体,实现小麦高低畦宽苗带种植,解决传统小麦小畦种植模式土地利用率低、光热损失大、小麦群体不足等问题.设计浮动式播种单体,提升播幅内播深一致性;设计错位组合式双圆盘开沟器组,实现小麦宽苗带播种,苗带宽度达到9 cm以上;设计“凸”...     

中国生态学技术改善稻米品质效果的分析

分析了合理栽培、耕作方式、稻田生态种养和土壤重金属生态调控等不同中国生态学技术对稻米品质的影响。结果表明,合理运用各生态学技术均能不同程度改善稻田生态环境,使水稻处于适宜生长状态,整体上使稻米品质变优。稻米品质的形成机理非常复杂,应用生态学技术改善米质是生产绿色优质安全稻米的有效途径;在水稻生产过程中,选用优质的水稻品种,综合利用好气候、土壤、栽培等因素,并将各生态技术科学耦合,发挥技术群体的优势,才能实现水稻生产的优质、高产、高效和可持续发展。     

添加葡萄糖对绿狐尾藻与麦麸混合青贮品质的影响

以鲜质量比7∶3的绿狐尾藻和麦麸为原料混合青贮,分别添加0%、2%、4%、6%的葡萄糖,固定添加植物乳杆菌,测定混合青贮饲料的发酵品质、营养品质及有氧稳定性。结果表明：添加葡萄糖能显著(P<0.05)降低混合青贮饲料的pH值和氨态氮与总氮质量分数之比,显著(P<0.05)提高乳酸质量分数,降低丁酸质量分数,改善青贮发酵品质;显著(P<0.05)降低粗蛋白和粗纤维质量分数,且显著(P<0.05)提高相对饲用价值;当葡萄糖添加量为4%时显著(P<0.05)降低中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维质量分数;添加0%、2%、4%、6%葡萄糖处理的有氧稳定性分别为>360、226、>360、62 h。综合评价结果显示,鲜质量比7∶3的绿狐尾藻和麦麸混合青贮中添加2%葡萄糖,混合青贮有更好的发酵品质和营养品质及有氧稳定性。     

不同类型专用小麦优质高产群体氮素积累特征分析

通过不同类型专用小麦品种和氮肥运筹试验,研究不同类型专用小麦优质高产群体与普通群体在氮素吸收、积累、运转与利用特征等方面的差异。结果表明:拔节期和开花期不同类型群体间植株含氮率互有高低,成熟期强筋小麦含氮率优质高产群体高于普通群体,弱筋小麦含氮率优质高产群体低于普通群体。不同类型专用小麦品种间氮素阶段吸收量变化趋势基本一致,积累的高峰期均在拔节至开花期。强筋小麦优质高产群体氮素积累量生育前期低于普通群体,中、后期高于普通群体;中筋小麦优质高产群体与普通群体相比,氮素积累量前期较高,中、后期互有高低;弱筋小麦各生育期优质高产群体植株氮素积累量均低于普通群体。优质高产群体花后氮素积累量和花前氮素运转量由大到小依次均为强筋小麦、中筋小麦、弱筋小麦。     

小麦溶剂保持力微量测定方法的建立

采用15个不同硬度小麦的0.5 g面粉或0.5 g全麦粉进行4种溶剂保持力的测定,并与标准的5.0 g面粉测定方法比较.结果显示: 0.5 g面粉测定法的测定结果与5.0 g面粉测定法(标准方法)的相关极显著,水、碳酸钠、蔗糖和乳酸溶剂保持力的相关系数分别为0.98、0.96、0.95和0.98,表明0.5 g面粉测定法可以替代标准测定方法用于软质小麦的早代筛选;0.5 g全麦粉测定法的乳酸溶剂保持力与标准方法的相关极显著,相关系数为0.73,但水、碳酸钠和蔗糖溶剂保持力与标准方法的相关不显著,因此不能替代标准方法用于软质小麦的早代筛选.     

冬小麦抽穗期长势遥感监测的初步研究

小麦抽穗期是其生长的关键阶段,田间群体较大、郁蔽,抵抗力弱,常遇高温高湿天气,也是病虫害多发时期.因此,及时监测小麦抽穗期的苗情长势,是制定和采取科学管理措施的必要前提.有学者曾使用NOAAAVHRR、EOSMODIS数据进行小麦长势监测研究[1~3],由于这些影像的空间分辨率较低,常常造成"同物异谱"或"异物同谱"现象,使得监测精度降低.本研究利用分辨率较高的TM影像数据并结合实地GPS定位调查,试图通过分析TM影像植被指数与小麦抽穗期叶面积指数、生物量以及植株氮素含量的关系,建立上述群体质量指标监测模型,为小麦抽穗阶段的农田精确管理提供信息支持.     

Mesohabitat associations of the threatened San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana) across its geographic range

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浅析影响小麦硬度指标测定的诸多因素

介绍影响小麦硬度的因素,从小麦水分、样品数量、小麦不完善粒含量等因素进行分析。     

Preparation and Study of a Novel,Environmentally Friendly Seed-Coating Agent for Wheat

Traditional seed-coating agents are widespread and used in crop protection. However, the coatings can pose an environmental and health hazard. In this study, a novel wheat seed-coating agent was prepared by using natural polysaccharide as the main raw material, which produces bacteriostatic activity and enhances the germination and quality of seeds. The optimum formula of this seed-coating agent was ultimately determined through a series of laboratory experiments and field trials. The results showed that the yield of wheat seeds treated with this novel seed-coating agent was increased by 10% and its material cost was decreased by 15% compared with the conventional toxic seed-coating agent. The toxicity of the novel seed-coating agent was also less than that of the traditional one. Therefore, this wheat seed-coating agent had obvious economic and environmental benefits.     

Phosphorus Response and Fertilizer Recommendations for Wheat Grown on Nitisols in the Central Ethiopian Highlands

The provision of farmers with proper and balanced fertilizer recommendations is becoming increasingly important, for reasons of crop productivity, food security, and sustainability. Phosphorus (P) response trials with wheat were conducted on Nitisols at 14 sites in the central Ethiopian highlands during the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. The treatments, comprising six levels of P fertilizer (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 kg P ha^?1), were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Based on a yield difference between the control and the P treatments, 90% of sites responded to P fertilizer. Application of P fertilizer increased wheat grain yield, up to 30% more than the control. Extractable soil P concentrations (Bray 2, 0–15 cm deep) 3 weeks after planting significantly responded to P fertilizer rate. The critical P concentration (for 90% relative yield) was 13.5 mg kg^?1. Most sites tested had Bray 2 P values <10 mg kg^?1. In the absence of a soil test, a recommendation of 40 kg P ha^?1, resulting in the best response overall, could be made for the first year of application. We also recommend that to prevent a potential loss of wheat yield, a maintenance application of at least 5–12 kg P ha^?1 be applied every year, irrespective of the calculated recommended rate, in order to replace P exported from the field in produce. Further field trials are required to determine interactions between P response and the effects of climate, soil properties, and other management practices.