喷雾-复凝聚法制备小反刍兽疫缓释微囊疫苗的研究

建立了喷雾-复凝聚法制备灭活PPR微囊疫苗的工艺方法,并对制备的疫苗进行了主要性能指标测定和动物试验。结果显示：三批微囊形态均呈不规则长囊状,平均包埋率为42%,包埋前后灭活PPRV抗原活性得到较好保持。制备的灭活PPR微囊疫苗在免疫绵羊后1个月,中和抗体滴度均能达到1∶20以上,均高于小反刍兽疫弱毒疫苗1∶10的质量标准,最高可达到1∶160;且中和抗体滴度至少能持续7个月,呈现出良好的缓释效果,是一种具有广阔应用前景的新型疫苗。     

饲料用混合油脂中苯并(a)芘测定方法的比较与优化

文中分析比较了三种油脂中苯并(a)芘含量的测定方法,其中GB/T22509—2008《动植物油脂苯并(a)芘的测定》方法安全性高、可行性强。本试验对该方法存在的一些不足之处加以优化后,用以测定饲料用混合油脂中苯并(a)芘的残留。标准品苯并(a)芘在0.5～20μg/l范围内的线性回归方程为:Y=1.445 6X+0.004 1,R2=0.999 5。油脂样品添加苯并(a)芘10μg/kg水平时的平均回收率为102.2%(N=5,RSD=2.3%);添加5μg/kg水平时的平均回收率为95.5%(N=5,RSD=4.2%)。结果表明该方法稳定性好、分析准确度高,非常适合用以评价油脂中苯并(a)芘的残留情况。抽样检测结果表明我国饲料级混合油中苯并(a)芘都有检出而且含量高于美国进口饲料级混合油,具有一定安全隐患。     

德尔菲法评价环湖北岸草原生态系统

尝试利用德尔菲法对青海湖北岸地区的草原生态系统进行了评价,评价标准引用了赵有益等人发表论文<草地生态系统安全及其评价研究>中草地生态系统生态安全的分级及判别标准,德尔菲法最后评定结果为环湖北岸草原生态系统的植被覆盖度较高,生态环境较少受到干扰破坏,生态系统结构尚完整,功能尚好,一般干扰下系统可恢复,生态问题不显著,生态...     

不同处理对西藏牦牛超数排卵的影响研究

本研究选用了埋植CIDR栓法、埋植PRID栓法、PG法以及PMSG+PG法四套方案对西藏41头母牦牛进行了超数排卵试验。试验结果:埋植CIDR法得到的平均卵母细胞数为7.4枚/头,埋植PRID法得到的平均卵母细胞数为6.5枚/头,PG法得到的平均卵母细胞数为4枚/头,PMSG+PG法得到的平均卵母细胞数为4.8枚/头,各组之间差异极显著(P<0.01);而经过卵母细胞成熟培养之后,埋植CIDR法得到的平均可用卵母细胞数为6.2枚/头,埋植PRID法得到的平均可用卵母细胞数也为6.2枚/头,PG法得到的平均可用卵母细胞数为4枚/头,PMSG+PG法得到的平均可用卵母细胞数为4.6枚/头,CIDR+FSH法与PRID+FSH法两组、两次PG法与PMSG+PG法两组差异不显著(P>0.05),但是CIDR+FSH法和PRID+FSH法组与两次PG法和PMSG+PG法组之间差异都极显著(P<0.01);用CIDR法和PRID法进行西藏牦牛超排效果较好,并可获得较多的可用卵母细胞。     

Estimation of reference intervals from small samples: an example using canine plasma creatinine

Background: According to international recommendations, reference intervals should be determined from at least 120 reference individuals, which often are impossible to achieve in veterinary clinical pathology, especially for wild animals. When only a small number of reference subjects is available, the possible bias cannot be known and the normality of the distribution cannot be evaluated. A comparison of reference intervals estimated by different methods could be helpful. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare reference limits determined from a large set of canine plasma creatinine reference values, and large subsets of this data, with estimates obtained from small samples selected randomly. Methods: Twenty sets each of 120 and 27 samples were randomly selected from a set of 1439 plasma creatinine results obtained from healthy dogs in another study. Reference intervals for the whole sample and for the large samples were determined by a nonparametric method. The estimated reference limits for the small samples were minimum and maximum, mean ± 2 SD of native and Box–Cox‐transformed values, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles by a robust method on native and Box–Cox‐transformed values, and estimates from diagrams of cumulative distribution functions. Results: The whole sample had a heavily skewed distribution, which approached Gaussian after Box–Cox transformation. The reference limits estimated from small samples were highly variable. The closest estimates to the 1439‐result reference interval for 27‐result subsamples were obtained by both parametric and robust methods after Box–Cox transformation but were grossly erroneous in some cases. Conclusion: For small samples, it is recommended that all values be reported graphically in a dot plot or histogram and that estimates of the reference limits be compared using different methods.     

不同品种砧木及嫁接方法对有刺黄龙果嫁接育苗的影响

为改善有刺黄龙果在引种地区的生长势,提高其抗逆性,本研究探讨了不同砧木和嫁接方法对有刺黄龙果嫁接育苗的影响,以期筛选到适宜有刺黄龙果的砧木和嫁接方法。结果表明,不同砧木和嫁接方法对有刺黄龙果的成活率、出芽率和新芽长势有显著影响。嫁接30天时,芽接、楔接、套接和平接法的愈合率显著高于插接和靠接法。嫁接45天时,平接、靠接和楔接法的出芽率较高,分别是76.7%、76.7%和66.7%。嫁接苗田间定植2个月时,平接、靠接和楔接法嫁接苗长势较快。其中楔接法嫁接效率高,适合工厂化批量嫁接。白肉品种‘无刺黄龙’和红肉品种‘金都1号’、‘富贵红’是有刺黄龙果嫁接的优良砧木,嫁接2个月时出芽率分别为86.7%、90.0%和86.7%,且新芽高度和宽度均大于其他砧木。综上所述,适宜有刺黄龙果规模化嫁接育苗的嫁接方法是楔接法,砧木是‘金都1号’、‘富贵红’和‘无刺黄龙’。     

Protein and energy concentrations of meat meal and meat and bone meal fed to pigs based on in vitro assays

The objective of this study was to develop equations for estimating ileal digestible crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of meat meal (MM) and meat and bone meal (MBM) as feed ingredients for pigs based on in vitro assays. Test ingredients were 4 sources of MM and 3 sources of MBM. Ash and CP contents of the ingredients ranged from 3.8% to 33.1% and 46.8% to 82.9% (as-is basis), respectively. In vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) of CP was determined and ileal digestible CP content was calculated by multiplying CP content by IVID of CP. In vitro total tract disappearance (IVTTD) of dry matter (DM) was determined and ME was calculated using gross energy, CP contents, and IVTTD of DM. The IVID of CP and IVTTD of DM ranged from 77.2% to 88.7% and from 82.7% to 92.4%, respectively. Calculated ileal digestible CP and ME contents ranged from 37.8% to 73.5% DM and 2,405 to 3,905 kcal/kg DM, respectively. Ash contents were negatively correlated (P < 0.001) with CP (r = −0.99), in vitro ileal digestible CP (r = −0.97), gross energy (r = −1.00), in vitro digestible energy (r = −0.97), and adjusted ME (r = −0.97). The most fitting equations for ileal digestible CP and adjusted ME were: ileal digestible CP (% DM) = 11.91 − 0.90 × Ash (% DM) + 0.74 × IVID of CP (%) (R² = 0.99) and adjusted ME (kcal/kg DM) = 130.85 − 50.90 × ash (% DM) + 47.06 × IVTTD of DM (%) (R² = 0.99). To validate the accuracy of the prediction equations for ME, mean bias and linear bias were determined using a regression analysis. Calculated ME values of MM and MBM were in a good agreement with data obtained from animal experiments based on a statistically insignificant bias in the models. In conclusion, ME concentrations of MM and MBM as swine feed ingredients can be calculated using ash concentration and in vitro disappearance of dry matter.     

一种优化鸡胚成纤维细胞制备方法及生长曲线测定

鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）的来源方便,制备简单,耐受性好,且适合于许多病毒的生长繁殖,因此被广泛用于疫苗的生产、病毒的培养以及一些细胞和分子生物学的研究。然而传统的鸡胚成纤维细胞制备方法存在制备时间长、死细胞较多和细胞贴壁慢的问题。笔者根据经验摸索出一种实验室快速制备CEF的简便方法,并通过台盼蓝染色用细胞计数法绘制了原代CEF及次代CEF的生长曲线。该简便方法的建立为实验室快速制备高质量高纯度的鸡胚成纤维细胞提供了方便,同时对其生长曲线的测定也为进行基因转染方面的研究积累了资料。     

发酵乳中沙门氏菌依赖解旋酶恒温基因扩增快速检测方法的建立

建立依赖解旋酶恒温基因扩增（helicase-dependent isothermal DNA amplification,HDA）快速检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌方法。以沙门氏菌invA基因序列为目的基因,设计特异性引物,优化反应体系中UvrD解旋酶及T4 gp32添加量,建立最优反应体系。通过HDA方法直接检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌,扩增其产物后进行电泳检测,验证方法特异性。结果表明：采用HDA快速检测法检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌特异性良好,优化后反应体系体积50 μL时,UvrD解旋酶添加量为0.10 μg,T4 gp32添加量为5.0 μg,得到与设计序列长度（304 bp）一致的扩增产物,检出限为2.6×102 CFU/g;该方法用于快速检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌能够满足检测需求,具有较高的灵敏度、易操作,可作为一种基础且快速的方法检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌。     

响应面优化转透明颤菌血红蛋白基因里氏木霉液体发酵产纤维素酶的培养条件

研究采用响应面法并以滤纸酶活力（filter paper activity,FPA）作为响应值对转透明颤菌血红蛋白基因的里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）Tu6-VHb菌株液体发酵产纤维素酶的发酵条件进行优化。根据单因素试验结果设计P-B试验,筛选出影响Tu6-VHb菌株发酵产酶的3个显著因素：吐温-80含量、发酵液体积（250 mL三角瓶发酵）、氮源浓度。用最陡爬坡路径法逼近最大响应值区域,运用响应面B-B试验设计确定3个显著因素之间的交互作用和最佳发酵条件。结果显示,Tu6-VHb产纤维素酶的最佳发酵条件是：吐温-80含量0.39%,发酵液体积61.32 mL（250 mL三角瓶发酵）,氮源浓度0.87%。经优化后,Tu6-VHb菌株发酵产纤维素酶酶活力达51.72 U/mL,与模型预测值51.94 U/mL相近,较优化前该菌株酶活力（39.984 U/mL）提高了29.35%,是未转入透明颤菌血红蛋白基因的里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）Tu6菌株酶活力（35.904 U/mL）的1.44倍。