沂州木瓜园林观赏应用研究

沂州木瓜是我国重要的园林观赏植物资源;因其树姿刚劲,花蕾繁多,花色艳丽,果实金黄、芳香,观赏内容丰富。可供多季节观赏,因而具有很高的园林应用价值;可进行孤植、列植、丛植和群植;可与早春黄色系花灌木树种搭配栽植;是庭院、道路绿化美化和栽植绿篱、绿墙的优良树材;还可制作高档艺术盆景。     

麦田天敌对麦蚜控制作用的考察

 小麦蚜虫是云南省小麦的主要害虫,常年蚜害损失10%至20%,严重时可达30%以上。长期以来主要用化学杀虫剂防治,不仅方法单一使得蚜虫产生了抗药性,不得不提高药剂使用的浓度和数量,导致农业成本增加、农药污染环境和影响小麦的品质。为了探索在综合防治中充分发挥天敌因子的作用,减少农药对环境的污染,建立农田生态系统的良性循环,提高小麦的质和量,1984年至1985年对麦田天敌昆虫控制麦蚜的作用进行了观察。在相同的栽培耕作条件下,保护和利用天敌的麦田内各种天敌繁衍兴盛,共同控制着麦蚜的数量和为害,表明了在综合防治中积极保护和利用天敌的重要性。     

中国结缕草属(Zoysia spp.)植物抗寒性评价

在广泛收集结缕草属(ZoysiaWild.)种质资源基础上,按照形态类型和地理分布,选取40份种质,采用电导法(EL)对其抗寒性进行初步评价。以半致死温度(LT50)为评价指标,在参试材料中除大穗结缕草和来自台湾岛海边沙地的沟叶结缕草外,其它种质都较天堂-419(对照)抗寒;在结缕草属内,抗寒性具有明显的种间差异,耐寒性依次为日本结缕草>中华结缕草>沟叶结缕草>细叶结缕草>长花中华结缕草>大穗结缕草,其中细叶类型的沟叶结缕草和细叶结缕草抗寒性变异较大;日本结缕草和中华结缕草抗寒性变异与地理分布之间没有显著关系,但分布在海边的种类和种质抗寒性明显较低;结缕草属及其中华结缕草的抗寒性与叶长、叶宽以及叶背面被毛之间均存在显著的负相关关系,但这种关系不体现在日本结缕草上。实验结果还表明,EL方法是评价结缕草属抗寒性较为可靠的方法之一。     

臭氧对不同介质中弧菌的杀灭效果研究

选用飘浮弧菌、副溶血弧菌和溶藻弧菌3种弧菌作为实验材料,研究了臭氧对不同介质中弧茵的杀灭效果。结果表明,将臭氧浓度为0．27mg／L的臭氧化海水加入到不同介质中杀菌效果差异显著,在纯海水中4～6min即可达到100％的杀灭率;在可溶性淀粉(SS)浓度为40mg／L的海水中需要10min才能达到100％的杀灭率;在牛血清蛋白(BSA)浓度为40mg／L的海水中,12min后杀灭率仅为90．69％～94．07％。在海水中加入淀粉和牛血清蛋白,臭氧的杀菌效果下降,二者比较牛血清蛋白对臭氧杀菌效果的影响明显大于淀粉。     

不同坡位桉树人工林生长和土壤理化性质比较

[目的]了解不同立地条件下桉树人工林木生长和林地土壤肥力的差异。[方法]以2年生桉树人工林为研究对象,对不同坡位桉树林木生长和土壤物理性质、化学性质进行了分析比较。[结果]桉树人工林林下土壤普遍呈酸性,表层土壤酸性强于深层土壤;随着坡位的降低,林木生长状况和土壤理化性质逐渐好转,呈正相关趋势,同一坡位表层土壤肥力状况优于深层土壤。整体来看,造林地土壤肥力处于偏低水平,氮、磷缺乏严重。[结论]今后在营建桉树人工林时,优先选择山坡中、下部立地条件较好的造林地造林,对于山坡上部土壤养分较缺乏的地块,造林后应加大施肥量,适当补充微量元素,以保证林木的正常生长发育。     

A modified method based on p-nitrophenol assay to quantify hydrolysis activities of lipases in litters

Lipases are glycerol ester hydrolases (EC 3.1.1.3) produced by a wide range of microorganisms. They catalyse the hydrolysis of different esters depending on the water content of the reaction medium. Here, we developed a simple methodology to quantify lipase hydrolysis activities using two different litters: a litter of Quercus pubescens (QP) and a litter of both Q. pubescens and Q. ilex. Different p-nitrophenyl esters were used to test hydrolysis in a reaction medium with an organic solvent (heptane). We showed that these activities depended on the amount of litter, the incubation time and the substrate concentration and that they increased with temperature. Furthermore, the lipases from the studied litters were still active after 2 h at 70 °C. These activities showed common properties of lipases: the highest activities were obtained with a medium-acyl chain substrate, p-nitrophenyl laurate. Moreover abiotic hydrolysis with short-chain acyl substrates was observable. The following parameters are recommended to quantify hydrolysis activities of lipases in litters: 10 mM of p-nitrophenyl laurate in 2 ml of heptane, 1 g of litter, 2 ml of water incubated at 30 °C for 2 h.     

3种作物纹枯病菌可溶性蛋白和酯酶同工酶的比较

为明确水稻、玉米和小麦纹枯病菌之间的生化差异,采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对这3种作物纹枯病菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)18个菌株的可溶性蛋白和酯酶同工酶进行比较。结果发现,3种纹枯病菌的可溶性蛋白和酯酶同工酶图谱间均存在显著差异,其中可溶性蛋白图谱比酯酶同工酶图谱更具多样性。水稻和玉米纹枯病菌可溶性蛋白谱带有14~19条,而小麦纹枯病菌可溶性蛋白谱带7~9条;水稻和玉米纹枯病菌酯酶同工酶谱带有5~7条,而小麦纹枯病菌仅有3条,表明它们之间的差异是明显的。NTSYS聚类分析结果表明,水稻、玉米和小麦纹枯病菌菌株可溶性蛋白和酯酶同工酶谱带均具有丰富的多样性。     

Development and characterization of a new set of 164 polymorphic EST‐SSR markers for diversity and breeding studies in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.)

Despite its economic importance and recent genome release, the need for molecular tools for Hevea brasiliensis is high. In the frame of a disease resistance study, EST sequences were retrieved from public database or generated by sequencing SSH libraries. Sequences were trimmed and microsatellite motifs searched using an ad hoc bioinformatic pipeline, and pairs of primers for the amplification of candidate markers were generated. We found a total of 10 499 unigenes from both sources of sequences, and 673 microsatellites motifs were detected using the default parameters of the pipeline. Two hundred sixty‐four primer pairs were tested and 226 (85.6%) successfully amplified. Out of the amplified candidate markers, 164 exhibited polymorphism. Relationships based on dendrograms using simple matching index and diversity statistics based on EST‐SSRs were compared with Genomic SSRs, showing the potentialities of EST‐derived microsatellites for resistance studies but also for population genetics approaches.     

青贮玉米秸秆乳杆菌的分离与鉴定

 本文对昆明地区青贮上米秸秆乳杆菌进行调查.从12份样品中,共分离到55株乳杆菌,鉴定出12个种.其中短乳杆菌及干酪乳杆菌两个种占43.6%,确认为是青贮料中的优势种群.本文还从青贮料中分离鉴定出:食果糖乳酸杆菌、绿色乳杆菌、格氏乳杆菌、亚麻那乳杆菌等4个种,现作一并报道.     

梨属植物等位酶遗传多样性研究

利用超薄平板微型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的等电聚焦电泳技术,对286份梨材料进行了等位酶遗传变异分析。在8个酶系中共检测到19个清晰位点和82个等位基因,19个位点均为多态位点,位点最大等位基因数为6,体现出梨丰富的遗传种质多样性;不同的居群具有特有等位基因;通过82个等位基因可以将286份材料完全区分开,表明等位酶基因型指纹可用作梨品种区分与鉴定的依据。