中国草种业标准现状分析

草种子不仅是草业与畜牧业的基石，还是生态文明建设以及城镇景观绿化的重要载体。我国虽是草地资源和草种子利用大国，但却是草种业弱国。标准化是推动草种业快速高质量发展的关键，历经30多年的不懈努力，我国的草种业标准化也取得了积极的进展，但是目前的草种业标准体系还处于混沌状态，缺乏系统的梳理。为了进一步加强和完善我国草种业标准体系构建，推动草种业高质量发展，本文尽可能详细地检索和筛选草种业的现行标准，从种质资源、生产加工、质量检验、包装、贮藏和运输，播种5个方面进行梳理。在此基础上分析了现行标准体系的薄弱之处，提出了需要更新以及尚需制定标准的建议，为草种业标准的制定者和应用者提供服务和便利，为草种业标准体系的完善提供参考。     

农业生产基地项目环境影响评价要点分析及探讨

农业生产基地项目具有影响范围大、产品服务多元化等特点，涉及行业类别较多，其环境影响评价文件也相对复杂。环境影响评价报告编制单位应充分与建设方进行沟通，熟悉项目建设内容，挖掘项目可能的产生污染的环节和设施，明确环境影响范围和环境敏感点，并对项目损益进行两方面的分析。     

贺兰山野生大型真菌孢子多样性分析

为探讨贺兰山野生大型真菌孢子的多样性,2012-2016年在内蒙古贺兰山南寺和哈拉乌沟两地进行取样,每个样地分别由5人从沟谷入口处进行拉网式调查,共获得4 000余份样品,经过微观形态观察和基因ITS序列比对,鉴定出8目25科69属189种大型真菌,主要对其孢子形态特征、表面特征及长宽比进行分析,得到如下结论:质量性状上,孢子形态特征和表面特征相互独立;数量性状上,大小孢子长宽比、孢子极端比和平均比均具有一致性和关联性,显示孢子数量特征的稳定性;菌种间孢子质量性状和数量性状具有很强的多样性;按照孢子多样性低、中、高分类,贺兰山野生大型真菌物种数分别为152种、26种和11种;孢子多样性分类为大型真菌鉴别、分类提供了基本依据。     

Soil property differences among high‐ and average‐yielding soya bean areas in Arkansas,USA

Soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] yields >6719 kg/ha (100 bu/ac) have only recently and infrequently been achieved. Quantifying soil property differences between high‐ and average‐yielding areas can help to further identify non‐plant‐related properties contributing to soya bean yield potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of region and soil depth on soil property differences between high‐ and average‐yielding areas. In each of the seven regions of the ‘Grow for the Green’ yield contest in Arkansas, prior to or just after harvest in 2014 and 2015, soil samples were collected from the top 20 cm of one contest high‐yield (HY ) area that was in close proximity to an average‐yield (AY ) area. Across all regions and both years, soya bean yields differed (P  <  0.05) between yield areas, averaging 4701 and 5498 kg/ha in AY and HY areas, respectively. Averaged across soil depth and years, numerous soil properties differed (P  <  0.05) between HY and AY areas within at least one of seven regions. Total soil C content was at least 20.2% greater in the HY than in the AY area in three of seven regions. Extractable soil P content was, on average, 19.4 kg/ha greater in HY than in AY areas in three of the seven regions. Results from this study have the potential to help producers better understand soil properties that contribute to or hinder achieving ultra‐high (>6719 kg/ha) soya bean yields.     

橡胶树产胶生物学研究进展

天然橡胶（顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯）是一种重要的工业原料,主要来自橡胶树。以天然橡胶的生物合成与产量形成为主要内容的产胶生物学研究为橡胶树高产遗传改良提供理论指导,近10年取得了重要进展。本文从橡胶树基因组测序、橡胶转移酶、转基因、以及转录组和蛋白质组等4个方面介绍产胶生物学研究主要进展,并讨论了相关领域研究存在的问题,对未来5~10年需重点关注的研究内容提出了建议。在介绍橡胶转移酶时,同时概述其他几种产胶植物的相关研究进展。     

有机柑橘生产加工质量追溯的技术指标标准研究

根据农产品供应链理论和全面质量管理理论,采用文献检索、实地调研和比较分析的方法,建立有机柑桔的生产加工质量追溯体系的技术指标标准,包括产品来源追踪的产品批号和质量安全问题原因追踪的诸多因素,确保有机柑橘质量安全。     

Unravelling the relationship between a seasonal environment and the dynamics of forage growth in grazed swards

It is well reported in the scientific literature that pastures can have similar net forage accumulation when managed with contrasting structures. However, we hypothesized that the dynamics of forage accumulation in grazed swards is linked to seasonal-environmental conditions. Marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha [Hochst. ex A. Rich.] was used as the forage species model. The experimental treatments were four grazing heights (10, 20, 30 and 40 cm) allocated to experimental units according to a randomized complete block design with four replicates and evaluated throughout four contrasting environmental seasons (summer, autumn, winter–early spring and late spring). Under rainy and warm periods, greater net forage accumulation was observed in pastures maintained taller; on the contrary, during the mild and dry periods, net forage accumulation rate reduced as grazing height increased. Such patterns of responses were related to compensations between tiller population density and tissues flows during summer and late spring and the reduced capacity of taller canopies to compensate lower population with greater growth rates during autumn and winter–early spring. Grazed swards changed their patterns of forage growth as they transitioned from favourable to more abiotic stressful conditions, suggesting that seasonal adjustments in grazing intensities are necessary in order to maximize forage production.     

Influence of Aguamiel (Agave atrovirens) as a Natural Feed Additive on Cecal Fermentation Kinetics of Some Forage Species in Horse Feeding

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dose levels of aguamiel (Agave atrovirens) on in vitro cecal gas, methane (CH₄), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) productions of five forage species (Avena sativa [hay]), Moringa oleifera, Caesalpinia coriacea, Salix babylonica, and Eichhornia crassipes using inocula from the horse. The forage samples were incubated with three doses of aguamiel: 0, 34, and 68 μg of aguamiel/g dry matter (DM) of substrate. Cecal inocula were collected from four adult female Criolla horses (3–4 years of age and weighing 300 ± 15.0 kg) grazed on native grasses for about 8 hours without supplementation. Forage type affected (P < .001) cecal asymptotic, rate and lag time of gas, CH₄ and CO₂ productions (mL/g DM), pH and DM degradability. Aguamiel dose had linear and quadratic effects (P < .05) on the asymptotic and rate of CH₄ productions and rate and lag time of CO₂ productions (mL/g DM). Forage type × aguamiel dose interactions were significant (P < .05) for asymptotic, rate and lag time of gas, and CH₄ and CO₂ productions (mL/g DM). Forage species effects were pronounced (P < .05) on CH₄ and CO₂ productions (mL/g incubated and degraded DM) and proportional CH₄ production at all hours of incubation, except for CO₂ production (mL/g incubated DM). Aguamiel dose affected (P < .05) CO₂ production (mL/g incubated DM) and proportional CO₂ production at the incubated hours. Forage type × aguamiel dose interactions were observed (P < .05) for CO₂ production (mL/g incubated DM) and proportional CO₂ production at the incubated hours but had no impact on CH₄ production. It is concluded that addition of aguamiel to five forage species affected fermentation kinetics of gas production resulting in different in vitro cecal gas, CH₄ and CO₂ productions from these substrates.