Genotypic Differences in Spectral and Photosynthetic Response of Peanut to Iron Deficiency

To assess the genetic variability of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in tolerance to iron (Fe) deficiency, spectral and photosynthetic parameters of 12 peanut cultivars were determined. The results showed that peanut exhibit significant variations in spectral and photosynthetic parameters within cultivars in response to Fe deficiency. The 12 peanut cultivars were separated into three groups, which include (i) a Fe-deficient tolerant cultivar (‘Zhenghong 3’), (ii) a Fe-deficient sensitive cultivar (‘Huayu 22’), and (iii) ten intermediate cultivars. Iron deficiency caused an increase in root biomass, root/shoot ratio, structure independent pigment index and intercellular carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration, but resulted in a decrease in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), quantum yield of PS II photochemistry (F_v/F_m), effective quantum yield of PS II (ΦPS II), photochemical reflectance index, red edge point, and chlorophyll normalized difference index. Iron deficiency-induced decline in net photosynthetic rate may be resulted from the reduction of photosynthetic pigment contents and inhibition of PSII photochemistry.     

罗田垂枝杉不同年龄侧枝光合生理及形态特征

以15年生普通杉木为对照,分析罗田垂枝杉不同年龄侧枝叶片的光合生理特征变化规律。结果表明,罗田垂枝杉的冠高比和冠幅面积仅是杉木的45．33％和15．29％,两者差异极显著（p＜0．01）;罗田垂枝杉净光合速率（Pn）日变化呈单峰曲线,其4－5年生枝叶片光合能力明显低于杉木同年生侧枝叶片;罗田垂枝杉最大净光合速率（ Pnmax ）与光饱和点（ LSP, r＝0．956）、表观光合量子效率（AQY, r＝0．897）呈极显著正相关（p＜0．01）,与光补偿点（LCP, r＝0．416）、暗呼吸速率（Rd, r＝0．455）呈显著正相关（p＜0．05）,而与叶片含水率及叶绿素含量相关性不明显。罗田垂枝杉一年生到多年生侧枝的光合能力变化趋势与其侧枝逐渐自然脱落的过程具有一致性。     

上游转子对下游静子叶片气动力的影响

为研究轴流压气机下游静子叶片非定常气动力的大小和频率的变化规律，采用在静子叶片表面埋设微型动态压力传感器的方法，在低速单级轴流压气机实验器上进行了静子叶片表面压力的测量。测量了不同轴向间距、不同转速下从近堵塞到近失速的宽广流量范围，并对所测得的静子叶片非定常气动力进行了离散傅立叶变换，以分析其频谱特性。实验结果表明：在转子尾迹的影响下，静子叶片表面的波动频率是转子的尾迹频率及其倍频。转子尾迹频率的高频分量对静子叶片吸力面前缘的影响比对其他位置的影响大。叶片表面的非定常压力和气动力随压气机流量、转速和轴向间距的变化而变化。     

杂交稻与常规稻的光谱特性差异初步分析

通过杂交晚稻和常规晚稻的反射光谱试验,发现杂交稻由于其生长发育特性及株型的差异,在整个生长期内其反射光谱特性与常规晚稻有着明显的差异。     

Systolic time intervals assessed by 2-D echocardiography and spectral Doppler in the horse

In the present study, the ‘acoustic windows’ for the measurement of the left ventricular systolic time intervals is studied by means of 2‐D echocardiography and cardiac Doppler ultrasonography, and the normal values in the horse (n = 112) are determined. The left ventricular isovolumetric contraction time, the pre‐ejection period (PEP), as well as the left ventricular ejection time (LVET) have been measured, and the values of the left ventricular total electromechanical systole (LVTES) and the PEP‐to‐LVET ratio have been calculated. It has been established that the most suitable window for the measurement of the aforementioned indices in 2‐D echocardiography is the right parasternal window in a view in short axis at the level of the cardiac base to measure the aortogram. In Doppler ultrasonography, the preferred window is the left parasternal using the five chambers apical view. The following values have been acquired: PEP = 0.071 ± 0.01 s; LVET = 0.532 ± 0.097 s; LVTES = 0.6 ± 0.1 s and PEP‐to‐LVET = 0.138 ± 0.025 measured by 2‐D echocardiography and PEP = 0.068 ± 0.009 s; LVET = 0.527 ± 0.076 s; LVTES = 0.598 ± 0.098 s and PEP‐to‐LVET = 0.131 ± 0.01 measured by Doppler ultrasonography.     

高山草地的光谱反射特征及其估产模型

对祁连山东段高山草地中５种植物群落的光谱反射特征进行了测试研究。结果表明：１）草本植物和灌木种群的光谱反射率在可见光波段上无显著差异，但在近红外波段存在显著差异；２）土壤背景和测试仪器高度对群落的光谱反射产生显著影响；３）植物生长盛期，可用近红外波段的反射差异来区分草地植物群落的空间分布：４）草地植物群落的地上植物量与几种变换的植被指数呈显著或极显著的非线性相关。     

Spatial patterns of fire occurrence in Catalonia,NE, Spain

In this paper, we analyse spatial patterns of fire occurrence in Catalonia (NE Spain) during 1975–98. Fire scar maps, discriminated by means of 30–60 m resolution remote sensing imagery, have been used as a source of fire occurrence. We employ several visual or analytical approaches to interpret fire occurrence in this region, such as those of Minnich and Chou (1997), Ricotta et al. (2001) or Krummel et al. (1987). Crucial spatial patterns such as fire size distribution, fire frequency distribution, spots and residual vegetation islands are documented. In addition, several geographical layers were overlaid with burned area maps in order to determine interactions between fire occurrence and environmental parameters such as altitude, slope, solar radiation, and burned land cover. Assuming that fire occurrence is well determined by such a posteriori empirical factors we detect areas most prone to fire in this region and aim to enhance the local forest management and conservation plans.     

毛竹林光谱特征及其与典型植被光谱差异分析

以毛竹光谱特征为研究对象,通过对光谱曲线和一阶导数曲线进行分析,探明了不同季节毛竹林的光谱特征及其与典型树种的光谱差异,为毛竹林的遥感监测提供了理论依据。研究结果表明:1)毛竹光谱曲线在可见光波段出现1个反射峰和1个吸收谷,这2个峰的对应波长分别为556和680 nm, 近红外波段的反射率明显增大。2)大年毛竹林春季和夏季的一阶导数曲线的红边波段呈“双峰”,秋季和冬季呈“单峰”,夏季的红边位于700 nm,其他季节红边位于718 nm;小年毛竹林秋季的一阶导数曲线的红边波段呈“双峰”,冬季呈“单峰”,红边均位于718 nm;不同季节毛竹林红边振幅大小依次为:春季夏季冬季秋季。3)毛竹林与其他典型植被在500～600、660～680、700～900 nm 等波段的反射率差异明显,可作为遥感监测的最佳波段,并且“绿峰”、“红谷”、红边位置、红边振幅以及红边波段的“峰型”等特征可作为毛竹林遥感识别的主要参数,监测最佳季节是春季,其次为秋季。      

几种热控涂层的真空-紫外辐照试验

无机热控涂层是航天器常用的一类热控涂层。文章采用上海硅酸盐研究所研制的真空－紫外辐照装置,选用合适的加速倍率,对国内几种常用的热控涂层进行了10000ESH以上的辐照试验,原位测量了各阶段试验样品的太阳吸收比,获得了这些热控涂层的太阳吸收比变化曲线,验证了热控涂层的“漂白效应”。相关研究结果可以为热控制专家进行热设计时提供参考。     

基于分数阶微分光谱指数的冬小麦根域土壤含水率估算模型

为探讨分数阶微分（fractional-order differentiation,FOD）技术联合光谱指数改善高光谱反演冬小麦根域土壤含水率（soil moisture content,SMC）的效果,该研究以冬小麦为研究对象,测取高光谱反射率和土壤含水率数据,将高光谱反射率经Savitzky-Golay(SG)平滑处理后计算典型光谱指数以此构建偏最小二乘回归（partial least squares regression,PLSR）、随机森林（random forest,RF）和BP神经网络（back propagation neural network,BPNN）3种土壤含水率反演模型;将高光谱反射率进行0～2.0阶（步长为0.2）的分数阶微分处理后计算比值指数（ratio index,RI）和归一化指数（normalized difference index,NDI）,分析不同阶的RI、NDI与SMC之间的二维相关性,筛选得出敏感光谱指数并分组,以此构建3种反演模型（PLSR、RF和BPNN）。结果表明：不同典型光谱指数与土壤含水率的相关性存在很大差异,相关系数波动范围在0....