日本的甜柿主要品种及其地理分布

本文综述了日本甜柿品种资源及其分布概况.首先,依据园艺学界广为应用的柿分类方法,将柿栽培品种分为涩柿和甜柿两大类;甜柿又分完全甜柿(PCNA)品种和不完全甜柿品种(PVNA)两个品种类群。本文介绍了日本的主要甜柿品种.同时,还阐述了6个甜柿品种及4个新品种的主要特征及其分布.     

海南岛清澜港和东寨港红树林及其生境的调查研究

本文根据调查材料,阐述海南省清澜港和东寨港红树林植物种类、群落类型及其分布。调查结果表明,河口港湾地区的红树林植物种类的分布应描述为以顺流水方向为纵向和横截流向为横向的二维空间状况,这才能确切地反映其天然分布。通过分析气候差异和引种情况,阐明了北热带滩涂能引种嗜热窄布性红树林植物种类。此外,还总结了一些红树林植物的适宜造林地,并指出在红树林中围堤养殖或垦植是有害的。     

First record of autochthonous canine ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia canis in Romania

This case study describes the first genetically confirmed and clinically manifested autochthonous Ehrlichia canis infection in a 9‐year‐old female mixed‐breed dog from Romania. Health screening of the dog included clinical examination, evaluation of stained peripheral blood smear and hematologic variables, as well as serologic testing and molecular analysis. Clinical signs included fever, apathy, dehydration, pale mucous membranes, and weakness. The microscopic examination of the blood smear and immunologic assays for Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and E canis antibodies, and for Dirofilaria immitis antigen yielded negative results. Hematologic abnormalities included moderate nonregenerative anemia, leucopenia with neutropenia, and moderate thrombocytopenia. The biochemical abnormalities identified were hypoalbuminemia, and mildly increased serum enzyme activities of AST and ALT. In addition, increased urea and creatinine levels associated with low urine specific gravity and proteinuria were also present. Nested PCR amplification of the partial E canis 16S rRNA gene demonstrated the presence of this rickettsial pathogen in the dog's blood, which subsequently was confirmed through sequencing based on the 100% homology with GenBank deposited E canis isolates. After specific treatment with doxycycline (10 mg/kg, orally, SID) for one month, the proteinuria, and hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities with the exception of mild azotemia resolved. This report supports the geographical expansion of canine ehrlichiosis caused by E canis in nonendemic regions of Europe.     

Evidence of LAT1 expression in canine caput epididymis

L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), the first isotype of amino acid transport system L, transports aromatic and branched amino acids pivotal for fundamental cellular activities such cellular growth and proliferation. LAT1 expression was high only in the brain in contrast to its limited distribution and low level of expression in normal tissues. We found potent LAT1 expression in canine caput epididymis by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. Immnuno-histochemical examination revealed observable LAT1 in microvillous epithelial cells.     

广东省李产业发展现状调查

广东是李的南缘分布区,其得天独厚的自然条件和李产业稳定的经济效益使得广东成为了全国主要的李产区。为了给李产业生产和研究规划的制定提供基本数据,采用走访与实地考察相结合的方法,对广东省李的分布、种质资源、产业现状等方面的情况进行了系统调查。结果表明:经过长期的人工栽培,广东已演化形成了一个需冷量低的南亚热带特色李品种群,共有原产品种26个,其中既有像三华李那样的古老品种,也有如华蜜大蜜李和岭溪李那样品质优良的新品种;2013年,广东全省规模化李果园面积有5.52万hm2,总栽培面积约7.1万hm2,其李果总产量分别52.10万和66.39万t,平均单位面积产量为9.35 t/hm2,说明广东省是全国李树栽培面积最大、李果总产量和单位面积产量都最高的省份;由于水热丰富,花期日照充足,广东李具有成熟早、产量稳定、经济效益高的特点,李产业是广东省山区的支柱产业。文中还分析了广东省李产业发展中存在的主要问题,并提出了广东省李产业发展的几点建议。     

土壤水分动态对林地地表径流的影响概况

指出了土壤水分是影响地表径流产生重要因素之一 ,研究土壤水分在土壤中的分布、土壤水分动态变化规律以及影响土壤水分变化的因子 ,对林地的生态环境保护具有重要意义.土壤水分的分布受空间和时间的影响 ,不仅如此 ,土壤水分动态变化和分布规律还受到诸如气象因子、地形因子、地形利用因子、人为活动等因子的影响.这些影响因素都导致了土壤水分动态变化在空间和时间上的差异 ,从而导致了林地降雨-产流的差异.因此 ,深入研究影响土壤水分变化的各种因素 ,以及研究各种因素对土壤水分动态变化的作用规律 ,一方面能够为降雨-地表径流的发生规律提供参考 ,另一方面为保护林地植被生长提供了重要的条件.     

Analysis of spatio-temporal changes in forest biomass in China

Forests play a central role in the global carbon cycle.China's forests have a high carbon sequestration potential owing to their wide distribution,young age and relatively low carbon density.Forest biomass is an essential variable for assessing carbon sequestration capacity,thus determining the spatio-temporal changes of forest biomass is critical to the national carbon budget and to contribute to sustainable forest management.Based on Chinese for-est inventory data (1999-2013),this study explored spatial patterns of forest biomass at a grid resolution of 1 km by applying a downscaling method and further analyzed spatio-temporal changes of biomass at different spatial scales.The main findings are:(1) the regression relationship between forest biomass and the associated influencing factors at a provincial scale can be applied to estimate biomass at a pixel scale by employing a downscaling method;(2) for-est biomass had a distinct spatial pattern with the greatest biomass occurring in the major mountain ranges;(3) forest biomass changes had a notable spatial distribution pattern;increase (i.e.,carbon sinks) occurred in east and southeast China,decreases (i.e.,carbon sources) were observed in the northeast to southwest,with the largest biomass losses in the Hengduan Mountains,Southern Hainan and Northern Da Hinggan Mountains;and,(4) forest vegetation functioned as a carbon sink during 1999-2013 with a net increase in biomass of 3.71 Pg.     

民勤白刺灌丛沙堆演替过程中土壤粒径分形特征

通过野外采样与室内分析相结合,研究白刺灌丛沙堆在演替过程中土壤粒度与分形维数特征,分形维数与土壤粒级及土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明:1）民勤不同演替阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤均以细砂（46.71%～64.06%）为主;土壤分形维数变化为1.665～2.242,在白刺灌丛沙堆演替过程中分形维数呈现先升高后降低的趋势,衰退阶段达到最大值。2）分形维数与黏粒、粉粒、极细砂呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与中砂呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,说明黏粉粒、极细砂含量越多,土壤分形维数越高。3）分形维数与有机质、全氮含量呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与速效磷含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,土壤分形维数可以用来评价土壤的养分状况。研究结果可为荒漠灌丛发挥防风固沙和土壤保育功能的定量化评价提供科学依据。     

抚育间伐对小兴安岭天然次生林中云杉、冷杉的碳密度分配与竞争的影响

间伐改变林分环境,也对林木生长、森林碳储量及林木竞争关系造成一定影响,研究15%、25%、35% 3个间伐强度处理8 a后小兴安岭天然次生林中杉木的径阶分布、碳密度分配特征及竞争指数,对森林经营的指导和森林碳汇发展有重要意义。结果表明,35%抚育间伐强度均使杉木径阶分布频率偏离正态性;间伐改变了林木各器官碳密度的分配,其趋势是随着间伐强度的增大树干碳密度占总量的比例先减小再增加,而树枝生物量分配规律则呈逐渐减小的趋势;25%和35%间伐强度,杉木地上部分的生物量和碳密度均显著大于对照样地,其中25%间伐强度时生物量和碳密度最大,而15%间伐强度的杉木生物量与对照样地无显著差异,而碳密度却小于对照样地;同CK相比,T₁₅样地杉木的Hegyi竞争指数减少了2.05%,而T₂₅、T₃₅分别增加了36.07%和14.66%;冗余分析（RDA）结果表明,Hegyi竞争指数、间伐强度共同解释了碳密度变化的61.3%,且Hegyi竞争指数增长不利于林分碳密度增加,竞争压力通过改变各器官的碳密度来响应。     

气候变化对桂花分布的影响研究

桂花是我国特有树种,具有很高的经济价值而被广泛栽培,主要用于园林绿化、饮食和药用,桂花的栽培品种在城乡园林景观中较为多见,但野生资源破坏严重,生境恶化,物种多样性也随之减少。该文在不同气候情景下,对桂花的潜在适生区分布进行预测,可探究气候变化下该物种的生境变迁,并了解其地理分布与气候间的相互关系,为桂花的资源保护与利用提供重要的科学依据。利用最大熵（MaxEnt）模型,根据影响桂花适生区分布的31个环境因子和当前桂花生境的368个自然分布点,对当前和未来（2050年、2070年）桂花的潜在分布区进行预测,并用刀切法检验来评估气候因子的重要性。结果表明:1）在当前环境条件下,桂花在我国主要分布在33°N以南的地区,总潜在分布区面积约224.23×10⁴ km²;2）干燥季节的月降水量、潮湿的频率、干旱季节的平均温度是影响桂花生境的主导环境因子;3）随着未来气候的改变,桂花的潜在分布区向北偏东高纬度地区发生迁移,西南地区潜在分布区减少,建议该地区的桂花居群优先保护。