Effects of dietary fish oil replacements with three vegetable oils on growth,fatty acid composition,antioxidant capacity,serum parameters and expression of lipid metabolism related genes in juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis

Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), algae oil from Schizochytrium sp. (AO), mixed oil (MO, SO:LO:AO = 1:1:1) and fish oil (FO; control group) were selected to feed juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (initial weight 1.86 ± 0.07 g) for eight weeks. The results showed that in the LO and FO groups fish grew best. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) between the MO and FO groups (p > .05). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in liver and muscle were found with the SO, LO and AO groups, respectively (p < .05). There appeared the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the fish liver of the AO group. There appeared the highest concentrations of serum glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TG) in the SO group. The expressions of lipid anabolism genes were significantly up‐regulated by dietary SO and LO (p < .05). The expressions of lipid catabolism genes were significantly higher with the AO, MO and FO groups (p < .05). This study recommended that LO or MO as a better vegetable oil source for juvenile O. macrolepis.     

固态发酵高温豆粕制备多肽饲料的最优发酵工艺条件研究

以高温豆粕为原料,研究了枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵法制备多肽饲料的最优发酵工艺.首先对影响固态发酵多肽得率的培养基组成进行了研究,采用正交试验确定了最佳的固态发酵培养基为:豆麸比2∶1,加水量110%,加蜜量4%.然后对影响固态发酵中多肽得率的发酵工艺参数进行了研究,采用响应面分析法(RSA)确定最佳发酵工艺条件为:接种量1...     

酸性土壤胁迫下丹波黑大豆和云南小黑豆生理特性研究

以酸性土壤耐受能力差异明显的2个大豆品种丹波黑大豆和云南小黑豆为材料,分别在pH 4.55的黄壤、pH5.60的红壤和pH 7.14的正常土壤上盆栽种植,于出苗后50 d观察生长状况并测定根和叶的主要生理指标,研究大豆对酸性土壤胁迫的耐受生理机理.结果表明:在弱酸和强酸性土壤上丹波黑大豆都能形成根瘤、生长良好,而云南小...     

传统发酵豆酱的风味物质研究进展

风味是豆酱、腐乳、酱油等大豆发酵食品的重要质量参数。不同的大豆发酵食品的风味不同,其风味物质的组分十分复杂,成分差别也很大。针对传统发酵豆酱中的风味物质,从风味的定义、风味物质形成过程、萃取方法、鉴定方法、形成风味物质的影响因素等方面的研究现状进行了综述,并指出传统发酵豆酱风味物质研究的发展趋势。     

甘蔗间种菜用大豆对甘蔗产量、品质及间种后综合经济效益的影响

以广西区种植面积最大的‘新台糖22’、‘桂春2号’、‘柳豆3号’和‘桂春8号’为间作套种试验材料,研究探索不同大豆品种、不同播期及不同间种密度对甘蔗产量、品质及综合经济效益的影响。试验结果表明,在同等管理和施肥条件、种地养地、保证甘蔗品质和产量的前提下,以第2播期间种2行中熟大豆品种效果最好。综合经济效益最高的是第2播期间种2行的晚熟大豆品种。     

低温冻害对宜川花椒生长的影响

花椒为宜川县干旱山区乡镇农民家庭经济收入的重要来源。但是,花椒低温冻害对其发展有很大影响。本文对宜川县在不同立地条件、不同品种、树龄和不同环境下的花椒冻害进行调查研究。结果表明,在宜川县栽植花椒,要选择背风向阳的山坡地、选择抗寒品种和加强管理可以减免低温冻害发生。     

凤县花椒春季霜冻的气候分析

本文对凤县花椒霜冻的气候因素进行了分析。结果认为,凤县花椒霜冻在时间分布上主要集中出现于春4月上、中旬。霜冻在空间分布上具有随海拔升高而加重、随地域不同而多变的特点。凤县霜冻的发生以"平流+辐射霜冻"为主,以"平流霜冻"或"平流+辐射霜冻"对花椒造成的危害最大。花椒受害的严重程度还与低温程度、降温强度、降温时的空气湿度、低温持续时间、霜冻类型、霜冻出现时间及椒园管理状况密切相关。     

Genetic variability of heat tolerance, and its effect on yield and fibre quality traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Global temperature is rising because of increasing concentrations of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases (e.g. methane, nitrous oxide, etc.) in the atmosphere because of the excessive use of fossil fuels. High temperature causes heat stress which reduces crop productivity. The development of heat-tolerant varieties is feasible and will help mitigate the effects of climate change. Fifty-one cotton accessions were screened in heat-stressed and non-stressed conditions in the glasshouse and field. Relative cell injury percentage (RCI %), a measure of cell membrane thermostability (CMT), was used to assess heat tolerance. Heat-tolerant accessions had more stable yield and yielded more seed cotton with better quality fibre than the heat-intolerant accessions across four environments. The responses of the 51 accessions to all four environments for the measured traits were strongly associated. RCI % of the accessions and hybrids was strongly and negatively associated with yield and fibre traits. CMT was concluded to be a useful technique for identification of heat-tolerant cotton.     

野生大豆对盐碱土离子浓度的影响

以盐碱土和盆栽野生大豆为研究对象,测定土壤中N、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、HCO3-、SO42-、CO32-和野生大豆根、茎叶、种子的氮含量,研究野生大豆对盐碱土的影响。结果表明：野生大豆能够提高盐碱土的氮含量。在花期和收获期土壤氮含量比原盐碱土分别提高了98和113%。野生大豆能够有效降低盐碱土的各种水溶性盐离子的含量和总量。在收获期土壤Na+、Cl-、HCO3-和SO42-含量比原盐碱土分别降低了94.9、85.3、47.6和95.5%;土壤可溶性盐离子总量比原盐碱土降低了90.5%。野生大豆对于盆栽盐碱土有改良作用。在收获期,野生大豆地上部分生物量很大,且在各个生长期的盐度下都能很好生长,具有绿化盐碱地的作用。     

用小麦芽有效成分消除豆腥味的研究

利用小麦芽粉中的醛脱氢酶(ALDH)对大豆进行脱腥处理,使大豆中的腥味物质转变为酸,从而有效消除大豆中的豆腥味。通过测定总醛含量(以己醛计),结合感官评定,研究了作用温度、作用时间、ALDH添加量对豆腥味的影响。结果表明,小麦芽最佳作用温度为45℃;最佳作用时间为2.5h;最佳添加量为大豆干质量的2%,对豆腥味及适口性影响的因素大小依次为:作用温度>作用时间>添加量。