贵德县常牧乡切扎村毒草危害状况调查

通过对贵德县常牧乡切扎村毒草危害状况的调查,毒草危害面积为0.63×104hm2,基本摸清了其分布情况及危害程度,并提出了防治建议,对于今后开展防治工作具有指导意义。     

混菌发酵生产富肽蛋白饲料工艺条件的研究

利用枯草芽胞杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌混合发酵生产富肽蛋白饲料,通过单因素和响应面分析试验对其工艺条件进行了研究,选择接菌比例(枯草芽胞杆菌:产朊假丝酵母)为3:1,发酵36h。最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度33℃,装料量40g,原料初始含水率为62%,拌料水的pH值为自来水的自然pH值。在此条件下测得三氯乙酸可溶性氮(TCA-NSI)含量达到33.61%。     

Effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory response on kidney injury in mice with hyperthyroidism

AIM To explore the effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory response on kidney injury induced by hyperthyroidism in mice. METHODS Forty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group （n=20） and L-thyroxine （T4） group （n=20）. The mice in T4 group were intraperitoneally injected with T4 diluent at a dose of 1 mg/kg to induce hyperthyroidism, and those in control group were injected with normal saline of the same volume. After 7 weeks, the mice were weighed and dissected, the kidneys were removed and weighed, and the length of tibia was also measured. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in the kidney tissues were detected. The pathological changes of the kidney tissues were observed by HE staining. The levels of 4-hydroxynonenal （4-HNE）-modified proteins, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 （IRAK1） and tumor necrosis factor receptor-related factor 6 （TRAF6） were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with control group, the body weight of the mice was decreased, while the kidney size and weight were increased significantly in T4 group. In addition, the ratios of kidney weight/body weight and kidney weight/tibia length were also increased （P<0.05）. In T4 group, the renal tubules were enlarged, and the epithelial cells of renal tubules were swollen and exfoliated, with vacuolar degeneration. Furthermore, reduced SOD activity, and increased MDA content and 4-HNE-modified proteins were found in T4 group, all of which were related to oxidative stress （P<0.05）. The levels of inflammation-related proteins IRAK1 and TRAF6 were significantly increased in T4 group （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Excessive T4 may lead to kidney hypertrophy and injury in mice, and the mechanism may be related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response.     

Curcumin attenuates rat lung ischemia/reperfusion injury by interfering with autophagy

AIM To investigate the role of curcumin （CUR） in lung ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury （LIRI） and its relationship with autophagy. METHODS 40 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation （sham） group, I/R group, solvent （DMSO） group, CUR group and CUR+rapamycin （CUR-Rap） group. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, DMSO, CUR or CUR+Rap before operation. After the rat LIRI model was established, the lung tissues were taken to measure W/D, TLW, IAR, and the contents of SOD and MDA were also measured to indicate the oxidative stress level. Light and electron microscopes were used to observed the morphology and ultrastrucure of lung tissues. The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins were determined by Western blot to evaluate autophagy levels. RESULTS Compared with sham group, wet weight/dry weight （W/D）, total lung water （TLW）, injured alveoli rate（IAR） and malondialdehyde （MDA） content in all other groups were increased, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was decreased, the levels of autophagy were increased （P<0.05）, and lung tissue injury and cell ultrastructural damage were aggravated in CUR group. Compared with DMSO group, W/D, TLW and IAR and MDA content were decreased, SOD activity was decreased, autophagy levels were also decreased （P<0.05）, and lung tissue and cell ultrastructural damage were attenuated. Compared with CUR group, W/D, TLW, IAR and MDA content were increased, SOD activity declined, the autophagy levels were increased （P<0.05）, and damage of lung tissues and cells were more serious in CUR-Rap group. CONCLUSION Curcumin attenuates the lung I/R injury in rats, and its mechanism may be related to the reduction of oxidative stress and the inhibition of autophagy.     

除草剂对作物产生药害的原因及治理对策

本文论述了我国除草剂使用过程中作物产生药害的主要原因和除草剂药害的治理对策。提出:除草剂使用不合理,除草剂和作物本身的因素,异常的环境条件是药害产生的主要原因。杜绝假冒伪劣及不合格产品,加强除草剂试验、示范、推广工作,深化除草剂应用技术研究,加强农民用药技术水平培训是除草剂安全使用应解决的问题。     

50年黑龙江省大豆遗传改良的产量及品质变化

本研究针对黑龙江省过去50年推广的大豆品种产量及品质变化进行研究。结果表明,品种推广年代与产量之间表现显著的线性回归关系,产量呈逐年增加的趋势,平均每年提高1．27％。产量的提高与英数、英粒数、粒数及收获指数密切相关,而与百粒重关系不大。经过50年的遗传改良,大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量变化不大,且品种间变异幅度较小。R2期（盛花期）叶氮含量、单株叶氮量、比叶氮及LAI（叶面积指数）与产量及品质关系不大,但此时期干物质重与产量里负相关关系,生育前期的干物质积累对产量的贡献不大。     

Ce对UV-B辐射胁迫下大豆幼苗光合作用影响:Ⅰ对光合色素与希尔反应活性的影响

用水培法研究Ce(Ⅲ)对紫外辐射(UV-B,280￣320nm)胁迫下油菜幼苗光合色素含量与希尔反应活性变化对光合作用的影响。静态数据表明,20mg·L-1CeCl3能有效减缓紫外辐射(T1/0.15W·m-2和T2/0.45W·m-2)胁迫所导致的光合速率下降,叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量减少及Hill反应活性降低,使得Ce UV-B组各项指标虽低于CK,但明显优于UV-B组。动态曲线显示,Ce减缓了UV-B胁迫期各项指标的下降趋势,加快恢复期的上升速度,且最终达到较好的恢复效果。通过对Chl含量、Hill反应活性与Pn的相关统计学分析发现,Ce对UV-B辐射胁迫下Hill反应活性和叶绿素含量的调节具有改善光合功能的作用,且对Hill反应活性的调节作用大于叶绿素含量。     

Ce对UV-B辐射胁迫下大豆幼苗光合作用影响:Ⅱ对光合量子效率与羧化效率的影响

用水培法研究了Ce(Ⅲ)对紫外辐射(UV-B,280￣320nm)胁迫下油菜幼苗光合量子效率与羧化效率变化对光合作用的影响。结果表明,20mg·L-1CeCl3能有效减缓紫外辐射(T1/0.15W·m-2和T2/0.45W·m-2)胁迫所导致饱和光光合速率(Ps)、饱和CO2光合速率(Pm)、表观量子效率(AQY)与羧化效率(CE)的降低,使得Ce UV-B组各项指标虽低于CK,但明显优于UV-B组。动态曲线显示,Ce减缓了UV-B胁迫期各项指标的下降趋势,加快恢复期的上升速度,且最终达到较好的恢复效果。通过对AQY、CE与Pn的相关统计学分析发现,低剂量UV-B辐射胁迫下Ce对AQY调节对改善光合功能的作用大于CE。高剂量下则是CE的变化起主要作用。     

可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜的制备及其在青脆李保鲜中的应用

以绿豆淀粉和大豆分离蛋白为制膜原料,通过考察二者复合比例对可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜性能的影响,研究可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜的最佳复合比例,同时利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对该复合膜进行结构表征,并考察其对青脆李贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：在绿豆淀粉与大豆分离蛋白复合比例为2∶1时,绿豆淀粉基复合膜表现出良好的膜性能,此时溶解度、水蒸气透过系数、抗拉强度和断裂伸长率分别为18%、1.2×10^-5g·mm·cm^-2·h^-1·Pa^-1、35 MPa和21.4%。与绿豆淀粉膜相比,该复合膜组分间的相容性较好,且表面更平滑、均匀。在常温贮藏期间,用该复合膜涂膜的青脆李硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量等品质指标均优于未涂膜组,可作为青脆李的保鲜膜材料。