太子参须提取物对鸭流感病毒体外试验初探

为尝试性探究太子参须提取物对鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒体外生长的抑制作用,本文基于TCID50试验检测鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒体外感染不同处理组的MDCK细胞.结果 表明,太子参须提取物高低剂量组(75％、25％)和黄芪多糖阳性对照组均对鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒体外生长产生抑制,且太子参须提取物高剂量组(75％)的抑制作用最优...     

单双液相下不同多酚氧化酶源对酶性合成茶黄素的影响

比较了单双液相条件下不同来源的多酚氧化酶对酶性合成茶黄素效率的影响。结果表明,在本试验体系下单双液相试验中,以不同的酶源合成茶黄素的试验效果不同,就茶鲜叶酶源而言,双液相明显比单液相的效果要显著,在单液相系统中总乙酸乙酯层茶黄素总含量达33.74%,合成率为14.245%,而在双液相系统中,其总含量达39.74%,合成率为31.792%;而就梨酶源处理而言,单液相的效果要比双液相稍好,在单液相系统中总乙酸乙酯层茶黄素总含量达45.73%,合成率为18.799%;而在双液相系统中,其总含量达40.20%,合成率为22.11%;就苹果酶源而言,单液相比双液相的效果要好些,在单液相系统中总乙酸乙酯层茶黄素总含量达18.22%,合成率为13.34%;而在双液相系统中,其总含量达11.56%,合成率为6.935%。     

均匀设计优化槐花中黄酮类物质的水浸提工艺

以提高水提液中黄酮类化合物质量浓度为目的,通过4组单因素试验和均匀试验研究了槐花黄酮类化合物的最佳水提工艺。结果表明:在料液比为34g∶250mL条件下,槐花黄酮类化合物的最优水提条件为水的pH值8.0、水提温度100℃、水提时间105min;按优化工艺条件黄酮类化合物的得率为1.440%。     

不同培养条件对微藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响

微藻细胞中脂类的数量及质量是评价其营养价值的重要指标。大量研究表明,改变培养条件及在不同的时期收获对微藻的脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成有着显著影响。本文主要从培养基成分、光强、温度、通气量和生长期5个方面综述了相关的研究成果,希望能为海洋微藻的研究和开发利用提供有价值的参考。     

鲟鱼硫酸软骨素的制备工艺研究

以史氏鲟鱼软骨为原料,按碱提-酶解-乙醇沉淀工艺流程进行提取硫酸软骨素的各主要工序工艺的研究.通过单因素试验及正交试验,得出最佳碱提工艺为以两倍量6%的NaOH为溶剂,于40℃的水浴中搅拌提取4 h.通过正交试验,得出最佳酶解工艺条件是先将浸提液调节pH至8.6,加入胰酶0.5%,50℃保温水解3 h;后降温至40℃,调pH至5.7,加入胃蛋白酶0.3%,保温水解2h.通过单因素试验,得出最佳的乙醇沉淀工艺条件是将滤液pH调为6.5,加入95%的乙醇至醇沉浓度为70%,静置过夜.制备的硫酸软骨素经检测符合WS1-C3-0030-2000(硫酸软骨素口服片)和WS-10001-(HD-0892)-2002(硫酸软骨素注射品)标准的要求.     

热稳定脱脂米糠蛋白质碳水化合物酶-蛋白酶分步提取法酶的筛选和条件优化

热稳定脱脂米糠(HDRB)中蛋白质已严重变性,采用常规方法很难提取其中蛋白质。本研究其目的在于评价不同碳水化合物酶和蛋白质水解酶组合在HDRB蛋白质提取的作用,以及利用响应曲面方法优化蛋白质提取组合条件。结果发现使用果胶酶P-Ⅱ处理HDRB,继后对其残渣进行蛋白酶P处理,蛋白质提取率可达到80%。采用中心成分回归设计进一步对果胶酶P-Ⅱ、蛋白酶P、水糠比、温度、pH、提取时间进行RSM优化,最大蛋白质提取率可达到89%。本研究为合理利用米糠蛋白及利用米糠蛋白制备功能性短肽提供了可靠的方法。     

Characterization and Film-Forming Properties of Gelatins from Whitemouth Croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) Skin and Bones

The Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), due to its abundance, is considered one of the most traditional and important species fished in the coastal waters and estuaries of South America. The aim of this work was to produce biopolymeric films of gelatins obtained from skin and bones of Whitemouth croaker. The fish gelatins were characterized through the yield, chemical composition, physiochemical, and rheological properties. The films were characterized by tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), water vapor permeability (WVP), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and optical properties. The values of protein yield, hydroxyproline content, gel strength, melting temperature, gelling temperature, and viscosity of the skin gelatin were higher than the values of the bone gelatin. The films obtained of skin gelatin showed all properties and thermal analysis superior in relation to the films of bone gelatin; this can be justified by the best physicochemical and rheological characteristics of the skin gelatin.     

顶空固相微萃取气相色谱质谱嗅觉测量联用初探鲢肉的挥发性风味物质

为探明鲢肉挥发性气味特征物质,通过顶空固相微萃取法提取和浓缩了鲢肉中的挥发性物质,并利用气相色谱质谱联用以及气相色谱〖CD*7/9〗嗅觉测量法对气味物质进行了定性分析及气味特征的评价。由8人组成的评价小组通过检测频率法进行嗅觉测量。结果表明,经GCMS分析鉴定得到了29种挥发性气味物质,主要是一些羰基类和醇类化合物,占了总挥发性物质的88%。通过检测频率分析法鉴定出12种化合物具有气味特征,表现为鱼腥、金属、青草、油脂氧化、蘑菇等特征。另外有4种未知物也显示了较强的风味特性,它们协同作用构成了鲢的特殊气味。     

Biochemical Properties of Pelagic Fish Proteins as Affected by Isolation Methods and Gel Properties by Heating Methods

The biochemical and gel properties of Pacific sardine and Pacific mackerel were characterized as affected by preparation and cooking methods. Four to eight times more salt soluble proteins were extracted from water-washed paste than fish protein isolate (FPI) paste. Higher total sulfhydryl content was measured in FPI, indicating the exposure of sulfhydryl groups during alkaline extraction. Comparing gel properties based on two cooking methods (slow and fast), the two pelagic fish proteins performed quite differently. Heating rate did not differentiate between surimi and FPI gels from sardine. However, mackerel exhibited higher texture values when using the fast cooking method, indicating the presence of high levels of proteolytic enzymes. Water-washed surimi gels were whiter than FPI for both species. Water retention ability appeared to be higher with mackerel than sardine, regardless of isolation and cooking method. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) also supported a difference in processing chemistry and thermal behavior between two methods for protein isolation and cooking, respectively.     

镉在海藻中的化学形态

利用化学试剂逐步提取法研究了紫菜、海带、裙带菜和羊栖菜中镉的存在化学形态。研究结果表明:镉以多种化学形态存在于4种海藻中,1 mol/L氯化钠提取态镉和 2% 醋酸提取态的镉所占比例较大,两者约占总镉含量的76.3%～92.9%。0.6 mol/L盐酸提取态、去离子水提取态和80%乙醇提取态镉所占比例较小,其中乙醇提取态(离子态镉)约仅占总镉含量的0.4%～9.2%,且对于4种海藻,紫菜中的离子态镉所占比例最低(均小于1%)。实验进一步证实以海藻中总镉含量作为检测标准不能准确反映海藻及其制品的食用安全性,因此亟需建立海藻中针对毒性较强的离子态镉的检测标准限量和快速有效的检测方法,以保障我国海藻产业和出口创汇经济的顺利发展。