基于热力学定律的太阳能利用探究

本文对太阳能的起源、传播、与物质的相互作用以及储存和利用等各个方面所涉及的物理学定律,特别是对太阳能热利用所涉及的热力学定律进行了概括和归纳。根据热力学定律指出太阳能热利用的真正适用范围。     

紫花苜蓿太阳能干燥系统干燥箱的结构设计

紫花苜蓿是世界范围内种植量最广的牧草之一,低温干燥是常用的贮存方法,可有效保存苜蓿当中的营养成分。太阳能干燥箱可以为苜蓿提供干燥环境,保证干燥温度。为此,设计了一种立式箱式结构干燥箱,并对其工作原理、制作方式、内外部的结构形式及保温材料进行了相应的研究。     

基于CFD的Venlo温室夏季组合降温措施模拟研究

针对我国南方地区夏季高温高湿的气候条件,对采用天窗、外遮阳、内喷雾降温措施的试验Venlo温室内温度状况进行了模拟研究。以室外气候参数为边界条件,考虑作物和环境的相互作用,内喷雾系统和室内环境的质热交换以源项的形式加入到控制方程中,采用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)中的稳态方法求解控制方程,模拟Venlo型温室不同调控措施及组合下的温室内温度分布特点,分析各种调控措施的调控效果。模拟结果表明:采用加入源项的方法模拟内喷雾系统和室内空气的质热交换,其模拟值和实测值均方根误差RMSB为0.514 4℃,最大绝对误差为0.75℃,平均相对误差为1.3%,说明所建立的CFD模型有效。3种降温措施下,以外遮阳+自然通风的降温贡献率最大(80.6%),能耗最高的喷雾系统降温贡献率仅为34.8%,较高的环境湿度影响了喷雾系统的降温效率。CFD夏季降温模型的建立为温室作物系统的环境控制策略的制定提供了科学依据。     

以沼气为纽带的西藏农牧业清洁生产模式研究

为了解决因长期不合理施用化肥导致的西藏土壤理化性状、营养元素、有机物质、生物学活性和重金属含量等问题,提出了以沼气为纽带的西藏农牧业清洁生产的3种模式,均以沼肥综合利用促进沼气发展为目标的,集养殖、沼气、种植为一体的循环农牧业清洁生产模式。同时,阐述了农牧业清洁生产的内涵和目标,以及西藏发展农牧业清洁生产的条件、模式、存在的问题及解决对策,为解决长期不合理施用化肥而导致的一系列问题提供思路。该研究有利于实现资源循环利用,实现生态农业与无公害农产品的生产,保护农牧区生态环境,促进西藏农牧业的可持续发展。     

INVITED REVIEW—IMAGE REGISTRATION IN VETERINARY RADIATION ONCOLOGY: INDICATIONS,IMPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE ADVANCES

The field of veterinary radiation therapy (RT) has gained substantial momentum in recent decades with significant advances in conformal treatment planning, image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and intensity‐modulated (IMRT) techniques. At the root of these advancements lie improvements in tumor imaging, image alignment (registration), target volume delineation, and identification of critical structures. Image registration has been widely used to combine information from multimodality images such as computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) to improve the accuracy of radiation delivery and reliably identify tumor‐bearing areas. Many different techniques have been applied in image registration. This review provides an overview of medical image registration in RT and its applications in veterinary oncology. A summary of the most commonly used approaches in human and veterinary medicine is presented along with their current use in IGRT and adaptive radiation therapy (ART). It is important to realize that registration does not guarantee that target volumes, such as the gross tumor volume (GTV), are correctly identified on the image being registered, as limitations unique to registration algorithms exist. Research involving novel registration frameworks for automatic segmentation of tumor volumes is ongoing and comparative oncology programs offer a unique opportunity to test the efficacy of proposed algorithms.     

FEASIBILITY FOR USING HYPOFRACTIONATED STEREOTACTIC VOLUMETRIC MODULATED ARC RADIOTHERAPY (VMAT) WITH ADAPTIVE PLANNING FOR TREATMENT OF THYMOMA IN RABBITS: 15 CASES

Thymoma is a relatively common tumor in rabbits. Treatment with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy alone or in combination has been reported with varying outcomes. Stereotactic volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy delivered in a hypofractionated manner allows high doses of radiation to be delivered to the target volume while allowing sparing of adjacent critical structures. This therapy is ideally suited for thymomas in rabbits given their size, the difficulty of multiple anesthesia episodes and the complexity of the radiotherapy plans required due to the tumor's proximity to the heart, lungs, and mediastinal structures. Fifteen rabbits with thymoma were prospectively recruited for this observational, single institution, single arm clinical study. All rabbits were imaged with both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total dose of 40 Gy in six fractions was delivered using a single arc over an 11‐day period with repeat CT simulation done every other fraction for adaptive planning. Follow‐up evaluation was done through repeat CT and MRI imaging and revealed complete responses using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. Two rabbits had died at 618 and 718 days, 10 were alive and three were lost to follow‐up. Observed acute and late effects were graded according to the Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (VRTOG) criteria and were found to be minimal.     

水氮调控对苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播草地生长和辐射利用的影响

针对我国内陆干旱区人工草地生产管理粗放及气候资源利用不充分等问题,探究合理的牧草种植与水氮供应模式,以充分挖掘区域牧草的生产潜力。采用3 a生(2018年播种)紫花苜蓿(简称‘苜蓿’)和无芒雀麦,分析种植模式(苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播,D1;无芒雀麦单播,D2)、施氮量(低氮量N1:60 kg·hm^-2;高氮量N2:120 kg·hm^-2)和灌水量(以灌水下限占田间持水量θ_f的百分比计,分枝期均充分灌水(75%～85%θ_f),现蕾和初花期轻度亏水W1:65%～75%θ_f、中度亏水W2:55%～65%θ_f、重度亏水W3:45%～55%θ_f,灌水上限均为85%θ_f)对牧草叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质累积量、累积截获光合有效辐射量(CIPAR)、辐射利用效率(RUE)、产量(Y)、耗水量(ET_a)、水分利用效率(WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFP_N)的影响。结果表明：(1)牧草LAI和...     

Distribution Network Structure Planning Based on Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm

Distribution Network Structure planning is a complex combinatorial optimization problem,which is difficult to solve properly by using traditional optimization methods.In order to solve this problem,Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm is introduced to the distribution network optimal planning. Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm draws into the immune diversity and antibody's density mechanism to maintain the individual's diversity and remains evolution algorithm's global stochastic searching ability,so it can promote diversity and the whole optimal-searching ability of genetic algorithm.The optimal module takes the minimum annual cost as its object,and the capacity and voltage drop of feeder and the radiation of distribution network as its restrictions.According to the require of radiation of distribution network,the spanning tree of the alternative network is taken as the initial solution to speed up the calculation.And the branch-exchange method is used in designing crossover operator and mutation operator to avoid the radiation checking and enhance the optimizing ability.This algorithm has been illustrated effectively by examples,at the same time,the calculation example demonstrates that,the algorithm has higher calculation speed than the traditional immune genetic algorithm.     

湿式多盘制动器的研究现状及展望

分别对国内外在湿式多盘制动器摩擦副间对流换热机理、摩擦衬片压力分布规律、摩擦偶件温度场与应力场的分析、摩擦衬盘与对偶钢盘的摩擦机理、制动噪声、制动过程的影响因素、整体散热特性及其试验研究等方面的研究现状进行了综述和评价，并对湿式多盘制动器的某些研究内容提出了新的见解，最后展望了湿式多盘制动器的研究方向及其发展动态。