玉米不同生育期水分胁迫指标

采用田间小区实验 ,通过对玉米不同生育期、不同土壤水分条件下叶水势、气孔导度、光合作用、植株蒸腾、生理生态状况及产量形成的观测试验 ,并在总结已有成果的基础上 ,分析研究了玉米不同生育阶段的水分胁迫指标阈值 ,提出了玉米不同生育阶段的水分胁迫指标 ,为节水灌溉与灌溉管理提供了科学、实用的依据。     

秸秆揉切机用刀片磨损的研究

对9RZ-60型揉切机用刀片进行了磨损试验,探讨了刀片材料、作业对象、装机位置和刃口形式对刀片磨损的影响,对65Mn、T10和Crl2MoV三种材料的刀片磨损表面形貌进行了微观分析,指出加工羊草时,刀片材料为主要影响因素,加工玉米秸和豆秸时,刃口形式为主要影响因素。刀片加工秸秆的磨损形式是以抛光磨损为主,辅之以硬杂质造成的磨料磨损。     

不同节水灌溉技术的节水机理试验研究

根据甘肃省特殊自然地理条件，对于喷灌、滴灌、渗灌及波涌灌几种方式下，小麦和玉米两种作物的灌溉节水机理进行了对比试验研究，分析了不同节水灌溉方式下这两种作物的节水性和生育动态。试验结果表明，在降雨、灌溉水量和前期土壤特性一定的情况下，在喷灌、滴灌、渗灌及波涌灌几种节水灌溉技术中，渗灌的节水性最好，依次为滴灌、喷灌、波涌灌。小麦和玉米在渗灌条件下产量比滴灌、喷灌和波涌灌都高，小麦渗灌产量比滴灌增加7．6％，比喷灌增加13．1％，比波涌灌增加22．4％。玉米渗灌产量比滴灌增加1．3％．比喷道增加6．3％。     

Managing secondary dryland salinity: Options and challenges

Salt occurs naturally at high levels in the subsoils of most Australian agricultural land. As a result of clearing native vegetation, groundwater tables have risen, mobilising the stored salt and causing adverse impacts on farmland, infrastructure, water resources, and biodiversity. The main action required to prevent groundwater tables from rising is establishment of perennial plants, either herbaceous (pastures or crops) or woody (trees and shrubs). Recent technical and economic research has emphasised how difficult it will be to establish sufficient perennials to get control of groundwater tables. Where watertables are already shallow, the options for farmers are salt-tolerant plants (e.g. saltbush for grazing) or engineering (e.g. deep open drains). The existing options for farm-level salinity management are reviewed, with mixed but somewhat disappointing findings regarding their suitability for addressing salinity. However, there are also a number of good prospects for development of new and better options for plant-based management of salinity, and these are described.     

适应排灌行业需要 建设岗位培训制度——由江苏理工大学流体机械工程技术中心连续15年举办培训班引发的思考

由排灌机械行业的现状 ,结合江苏理工大学流体机械工程技术中心 15年来举办培训班的实践 ,提出了培养一大批掌握现代科学技术的工程技术人员和高素质员工是促进排灌事业发展最直接、最有效的措施 ,而制定和完善岗位培训制度是这一措施规范化、制度化、科学化的保证。文章阐述了岗位培训的概念 ,对建立岗位培训制度的原则、框架和体系作了探讨。     

六方(四方)形摇臂式喷头喷洒效果分析(三)

介绍了利用MATLAB软件，采用解析算法编制程序对六方(四方)形摇臂式喷头单喷头喷洒实验数据进行的分析处理，以及对该型喷头不同形式喷灌组合的喷灌效果进行的分析，讨论了现在比较流行的MATLAB软件在喷头实验数据处理及分析方面的应用及其优点。     

灌区灌溉自动化监控系统的设计与研究

介绍了 1种灌区灌溉自动化监控系统的组成、功能和实现方法。系统利用田间传感器实时测量田间参数 ,通过网络传送给控制计算机 ,由控制计算机根据决策模型自动控泵房电机起停、渠首闸门启闭实现灌区内农田自动灌溉 ,系统具有实时控制、实时数据采集与保存 ,现场实时视频监视等功能。     

Incorporation of ridge and furrow method of rainfall harvesting with mulching for crop production under semiarid conditions

A plastic-covered ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting (PRFRH) system combined with mulches was designed to increase water availability to crops for improving and stabilizing agricultural production in the semiarid Loess region of northwest China. The system was built by shaping the soil surface with alternate ridges and furrows along the contour. The plastic-covered ridges served as a rainfall harvesting zone and furrows as a planting zone. Some materials were also used to mulch the furrows to increase the effectiveness of the harvested water. This system can make better utilization of light rain by harvesting rainwater through the plastic-covered ridge. The field experiment (using corn as an indicator crop) showed that grain yields in the PRFRH system with mulches in 1998 and 1999 were significantly higher than the controls, with an increase of 4010–5297 kg per ha (108–143%). In most treatments, the water use efficiencies (WUE) were in excess of 2.0 kg m⁻³. The WUE values of corn in this system were 1.9 times greater than the controls in 1998 and 1.4 times greater than the controls in 1999. The plastic-covered ridge led to a yield increase of 3430 kg per ha (92%) in 1998 and of 1126 kg per ha (21%) in 1999 compared with the uncovered ridge. On average, the additional mulches in the furrow brought about a yield increase of 8–25%. Based on the results of this study and other researches, this technique can increase corn grain yield by 60–95% in drought and average years, 70–90% in wet years, and 20–30% in very wet years. The PRFRH system had the potential to increase crop yield and produced greater economic benefit, therefore it could be used in regions dominated by light rainfall of low intensity where crops generally fail due to water stress.     

农民工未来阶级、阶层走向解析

"民工"从语词上界定可以理解为:农民和工人双重身份,本文放在传统农业向现代农业转变的大背景下,着重考察了游离在城乡之间的农民工主题身份的认定,及其未来的阶级、阶层走向,按照断裂社会的运作逻辑,经过分化重组的当下社会必定会出现新的阶级、阶层.这些阶级、阶层与传统阶级、阶层有什么区别和联系,农民工如果被假定为工人阶级而客观存在.那么这些生活在城市里农民能否获得市民身份的认同?对这些问题的回答有利于我们走出"城乡二元格局"的困境,有利于构建更加稳定、和谐的社会主义新农村.     

探索"思想道德修养与法律基础"课程教学实践环节新途径

"思想道德修养与法律基础"课(简称"基础"课)作为对大学生进行思想道德素质和法律素质教育的主渠道之一,在大学生思想政治教育与法律基础教育中发挥着极为重要的作用。针对目前我国高校"基础"课教学在教育观念和教学方式方面存在的不足,本文从在课程教学设计上突出道德与法律基础教学的实践环节、激发和调动大学生参与思想道德和法律基础教学实践的积极性和主动性、重视教学实践的科学性等几个方面入手,对"基础"课的教学实践环节进行了尝试性的探索。