河豚毒素生物检测法与荧光光度法的比较研究

为了比较生物检测法和荧光光度法检测河豚毒素(TTX)的性能,使用昆明系小鼠与荧光光度法同时检测10份织纹螺(Nassarius semip1icatus)中河豚毒素的含量.结果表明,荧光光度法与生物检测法之间具有较好的相关性.小鼠死亡时间的倒数与TTX的注射量间的线性方程为y=0.006 97x+0.003 68,r=0.995,精密度为7.4％～10.9％,回收率为90.5％.荧光光度法中TTX的浓度与荧光强度间的线性方程为y=318.09x+8.60,r=0.999,精密度为3.1％～6.6％,回收率为98.7％.荧光光度法测定结果稳定,受外界因素影响小,且速度快,灵敏度高,在河豚毒素的定量检测及预防河豚毒素中毒方面有广泛的应用前景.     

生物检测方法在农药残留检测中的应用

综述了国内外生物检测方法在农药残留检测的研究状况,活体生物测定方法具有快速、灵敏、价廉的特点,但不能分辨残留农药的种类:生化方法能对抑制胆碱酯酶的农药品种进行快速灵敏地检测,但需控制条件较多;免疫分析法具有简单、快速、价廉、特异性高、需样品量少等优点,但目前抗体数量还较少,如果不能肯定试样中的农药品种的情况下,检测具有一定的盲目性,此外有可能出现假阳性或假阴性现象;生物传感器方法简单、快速,但存在分析结果的稳定性及使用寿命等问题。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌昆明菌株（KM9803）对几种蚜虫的室内毒力测定

 蜡蚧轮枝菌昆明菌株（KM9803）对3种供试蚜虫都有较强的致病力。将3种蚜虫的无翅成蚜用1.0×10⁴～1.0×10⁸分生孢子/mL悬浮液处理后，测得该菌株分生孢子对3种蚜虫的致死中浓度LC₅₀ 分别是3.75×10⁴孢子/mL（桃蚜Myzus persicae）,2.74×10⁴孢子/mL（白尾红蚜Uroleucon formosanum）和0.68×10⁴孢子/mL（麦无网蚜Acythosiphon dirhodum）；但芽生孢子对桃蚜的毒力却较强（LC₅₀ 1.87×10⁴孢子/ml）。当用1.0×10⁸孢子/mL浓度的分生孢子悬浮液处理时，对3种蚜虫的致死中时间LT₅₀分别是4.7d(白尾红蚜),3.6d(桃蚜)和3.6d(麦无网蚜)；而用1.0×10⁵孢子/mL浓度的分生孢子悬浮液处理时，LT₅₀分别为6.7d(白尾红蚜),6.0d(桃蚜)和4.9d(麦无网蚜)。     

安徽酥梨轻简生产技术

安徽省地理位置独特,是酥梨生产胜地,安徽酥梨以光滑个大、多汁酥脆为主要特点,以独特口感与外观得到了众多消费者的喜爱.本文从安徽酥梨轻简生产技术的优势入手,着重阐述了安徽酥梨轻简生产技术应用流程,同时也对酥梨配套生产模式的合理性进行了分析,以促进轻简生产配套技术在酥梨种植中的推广应用.     

陆地棉抗旱性与SSR分子标记的关联分析

【目的】了解陆地棉抗旱性和寻找与陆地棉抗旱性相关的分子标记,挖掘与抗旱性状相关的优异等位变异。【方法】以191份陆地棉栽培种组成的自然群体为材料,在萌发期采用质量分数为15%的PEG6000竖直滤纸法对191份材料进行胁迫处理,测定其发芽率。根据隶属函数值对萌发期抗旱性划分抗旱级别。利用关联分析的方法以74对SSR引物对该自然群体进行基因组变异扫描。在利用Structure 2.3.4分析该自然群体的遗传结构的基础上,使用Tassel 2.0的GLM模型将基因型数据与萌发期抗旱性状进行关联分析,寻找与抗旱性状相关的分子标记。【结果】筛选出强抗旱材料46份,中等抗旱材料59份,干旱敏感材料86份;群体结构分析将191份材料划分为2个亚群,分别包含123份和68份材料;通过关联分析获得与陆地棉萌发期抗旱性显著相关的分子标记15个,各位点对表型变异解释率为2.2%~7.49%。【结论】本研究筛选出强抗旱材料46份,获得与萌发期抗旱性相关的分子标记15个,可供棉花抗旱标记辅助选择育种利用。     

运用SSR分子标记分析蛹虫草遗传多样性

以蛹虫草全基因组为模板查找Simple Sequence Repeats(SSR)位点并设计筛选引物进行聚类分析。从100对SSR引物中选出30对多态性高、重复性好的SSR引物,共获得215条多态性条带。根据遗传相似系数(GS)采用不加权成对群算术平均法(UPGMA)进行遗传相似性聚类:材料间GS值的变化范围为0.527~0.995,以GS值为0.761水平可将46株蛹虫草分为6类;菌株亲缘关系与地域来源有一定相关性,且栽培菌株多为同一品种。     

Quantitative trait loci mapping of adult‐plant resistance to leaf rust in a Fundulea 900 × ‘Thatcher’ wheat cross

Wheat leaf rust (LR), caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia triticina (Pt), is a destructive foliar disease of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. The most effective, economic means to control the disease is resistant cultivars. The Romanian wheat line Fundulea 900 showed high resistance to LR in the field. To identify the basis of resistance to LR in Fundulea 900, a population of 188 F_2:3 lines from the cross Fundulea 900/‘Thatcher’ was phenotyped for LR severity during the 2010–2011, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 cropping seasons in the field at Baoding, Hebei Province. Bulked segregant analysis and simple sequence repeat markers were used to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for LR adult‐plant resistance in the population. Three QTLs were detected and designated as QLr.hebau‐1BL, QLr.hebau‐2DS and QLr.hebau‐7DS. Based on the chromosome positions and molecular marker tests, QLr.hebau‐1BL is Lr46, and QLr.hebau‐7DS is Lr34. QLr.hebau‐2DS was derived from ‘Thatcher’ and was close to Lr22. This result suggests that Lr22b may confer residual resistance on field nurseries when challenged with isolates virulent on Lr22b, or another gene linked to Lr22b confers this resistance from ‘Thatcher’. This study confirms the value of Lr34 and Lr46 in breeding for LR resistance in China; the contribution of the QTL to chromosome 2D needs further validation.     

华宁县退耕还林浅析

华宁县2002—2003年实施退耕还林工程2533．3hm^2,在工程实施中存在着宣传力度、深度不够,管理措施不落实,投入机制单一,基层干部不稳定,技术支撑无保障等问题。提出了加大宣传力度、创新经营机制、强化科技支撑等实施对策和建议。     

Disruption of host‐seeking behaviour by the salmon louse,Lepeophtheirus salmonis,using botanically derived repellents

The potential for developing botanically derived natural products as novel feed‐through repellents for disrupting settlement of the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Caligidae) upon farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, was investigated using an established laboratory vertical Y‐tube behavioural bioassay for assessing copepodid behaviour. Responses to artificial sea water conditioned with the odour of salmon, or to the known salmon‐derived kairomone component, α‐isophorone, in admixture with selected botanical materials previously known to interfere with invertebrate arthropod host location were recorded. Materials included oils extracted from garlic, Allium sativum (Amaryllidaceae), rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae), lavender, Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiaceae), and bog myrtle, Myrica gale (Myricaceae), and individual components (diallyl sulphide and diallyl disulphide from garlic; allyl, propyl, butyl, 4‐pentenyl and 2‐phenylethyl isothiocyanate from plants in the Brassica genus). Removal of attraction to salmon‐conditioned water (SCW) or α‐isophorone was observed when listed materials were presented at extremely low parts per trillion (ppt), that is picograms per litre or 10^?12 level. Significant masking of attraction to SCW was observed at a level of 10 ppt for diallyl disulphide and diallyl sulphide, and allyl isothiocyanate and butyl isothiocyanate. The potential of very low concentrations of masking compounds to disrupt Le. salmonis copepodid settlement on a host fish has been demonstrated in vitro.     

长牡蛎17个fosmid-SSR标记的开发与分析

研究所用序列由长牡蛎fosmid文库末端测序获得。首先用TRF程序扫描序列获得一批重复单元为2碱基的候选SSR位点,然后在部分SSR序列两侧的保守区设计50对引物,对取自山东青岛的一个长牡蛎野生群体进行基因型分析。结果显示,共有17个SSR位点显示多态性,等位基因数(N_a)平均为4,有效等位基因数(N_e)平均为2.82,平均杂合度观测值(H_o)和期望值(H_e)分别为0.395 9 和0.628 8。其中,11个位点的多态信息含量(PIC)值均大于0.5,共有49个等位基因,适合对长牡蛎群体遗传结构的分析;6个位点 0.25<PIC<0.5,为中度多态位点。χ₂检验估计Hardy-Weinberg平衡,经Sequential Bonferroni校正后,除DEC_1以外,其他位点仍偏离平衡。将SSR附近10 000 bp内基因组预测的编码蛋白通过与NCBI的nr库blastp分析,共有13条微卫星序列获得连锁的相关基因功能注释。