除草剂解毒剂减轻氯磺隆残留对玉米药害的研究

采用室内生物测定方法,研究了除草剂解毒剂5-二氯乙酰基-3,6-二甲基-3-乙基-9-氧代-1,5-二氮杂二环[4.3.0]壬烷减轻氯磺隆对玉米的伤害作用。结果表明:随着土壤中氯磺隆浓度的增大,玉米的生长受到抑制,用解毒剂浸种处理后,可在一定程度上减轻氯磺隆对玉米生长的影响。当土壤中氯磺隆残留量为2μg/kg时,解毒剂浓度在1～5mg/kg时解毒效果最佳,玉米株高、株鲜重、根长、根鲜重的恢复率最高可达101.27%、63.74%、73.29%和51.81%。     

Molecular diversity and association of SSR markers to rust and late leaf spot resistance in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Molecular diversity and association of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with rust and late leaf spot (LLS) resistance were detected in a set of 20 cultivated groundnut genotypes differing in resistance against both diseases. Out of 136 bands amplified from 26 primers, 104 were found polymorphic (76.5%). Cluster analysis (UPGMA) revealed two main clusters separated at 52% Jaccard's similarity coefficient according to disease reaction to rust and LLS. Based on the Kruskal–Wallis one-way anova and simple regression analysis three and four SSR alleles were found associated with rust and LLS resistance, respectively.     

Potential allelopathic effects of Suregada multiflorum and the influence of soil type on its residue's efficacy

This experiment was conducted to determine the potential allelopathic effects of the aqueous extracts and dried leaf powder of Suregada multiflorum and to find the herbicidal effects of its granule on the weed species, barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli) and slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis), in various growth media (germination paper, sand, and soil). Observations in this study demonstrated that the potential and magnitude of their inhibitory effects varied among the plant parts. The leaves and branches possessed the strongest inhibition levels, followed by the bark. The aqueous extract from the leaves of S. multiflorum had a remarkably stronger inhibitory effect on the germination and growth of slender amaranth, compared with barnyardgrass; when applied at the concentration of 100 g L^–1, it completely inhibited the germination and initial seedling growth of slender amaranth. In addition, all the treatments of the dried leaf powder had stronger inhibition effects than the aqueous extract. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of the dried leaf granule of S. multiflorum were stronger than the effects of the dried leaf powder at equal rates. The degree of inhibitory effect of the S. multiflorum granule, applied in various growing media, can be classified in order of decreasing inhibition as germination paper = sand > clay soil. The present study indicates that the S. multiflorum granule product that was developed in this research has the potential to provide a powerful organic herbicide for controlling slender amaranth.     

香榧ISSR-PCR扩增条件的优化和引物筛选

以香榧Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’基因组DNA为材料,对影响简单序列重复区间扩增?鄄聚合酶链式反应（ISSR-PCR）的Taq酶用量、Mg²⁺浓度、模板DNA用量、磷酸碱基脱氧核苷酸（dNTPs）浓度和引物浓度等进行了优化试验。优化后的香榧ISSR-PCR扩增体系为：总容积20 μL,包括30 ng模板DNA,16.67 nkat Taq酶,0.350 μmol·L -1引物,1.625 mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺,0.250 mmol·L^-1 dNTPs,10 × PCR buffer 2 μL。PCR扩增程序：94 ℃变性5.0 min;35个循环：94 ℃变性30 s,退火45 s,退火温度视引物而定,72 ℃延伸1.5 min;最后72 ℃延伸7.0 min,4 ℃保温。在此基础上,从77个ISSR引物中筛选出34个适合香榧ISSR分析的引物,且通过梯度PCR确定了各自最适的退火温度。研究结果为香榧遗传图谱构建打下了基础。图4表1参12     

SSR标记开发及其在植物中的应用

本文简要介绍了SSR标记开发方法及SSR标记在通用性、遗传多样性与种质鉴定、遗传连锁图谱构建、基因定位与克隆等研究中的应用,对SSR标记应用存在的问题提出了看法,并对其应用前景作了展望,为今后SSR标记在植物上的应用提供参考。     

ISSR molecular characterization and leaf volatiles analysis of Pittosporum undulatum Vent. naturalized in the Azores archipelago (Portugal)

Pittosporum undulatum from the Azores archipelago was characterized by both molecular and volatiles analyses. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) evaluation was performed based on a random sampling of 77 individuals from a total of 123 samples collected on all the Azorean islands. Molecular studies grouped the samples mainly according to the geographical collection site, with some exceptions. Leaf volatiles were isolated by distillation-extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from all the 123 samples. Cluster analysis based on the leaf volatiles chemical composition defined three main clusters, not related to sample site collection, and was based mainly on the relative amounts of limonene (3-89%), sabinene (0.1-64%) and terpinen-4-ol (traces-43%). Clusters obtained from both molecular studies and volatiles composition were not superimposable and no correlation between ISSR markers and volatile oils could be drawn. The results suggest that there is a high genetic variability among individuals of P. undulatum that can explain the invasive ability of this species in the Azores archipelago. The detailed characterization of this alien weed species may assist finding potential commercial uses as well as management strategies to help its eradication and/or control.     

不同诱变方法对抗咪唑乙烟酸水稻筛选的影响

为筛选抗咪唑乙烟酸水稻,进行了水稻种子敏感性检测以确定筛选浓度,应用紫外线、叠氮化钠及复合诱变对种子进行诱变筛选.结果表明:抗性筛选的适宜药剂浓度为0.3mL·L~(-1);在此浓度下,经75W紫外灯照射1,2,3h的种子未筛选出抗性植株;种子经不同浓度、时间NaN_3处理后筛选出抗性植株,以NaN_3诱变剂量为8mmol·h·L~(-1)(4mmol·L~(-1)×2h)抗性比率最高,出苗率为7.14%;相比NaN_3诱变,复合诱变的种子并没有显著不同.将筛选出的植株苗期喷5mL·L~(-1)眯唑乙烟酸,筛选出4株对眯唑乙烟酸有抗性的水稻植株.     

SSR分子标记技术在杂交水稻研究上的应用进展

综述了SSR标记的特点及其在杂交水稻亲本遗传多样性分析、雄性不育性及其恢复基因的定位、组合杂种优势预测和杂交水稻种子纯度鉴定等方面的应用情况;认为,SSR标记可用来高效、准确地检测生物体中的遗传变异,在杂交水稻育种中具有良好的应用前景,必将在杂交水稻育种理论研究和实践应用中发挥巨大作用。     

Genetic diversity and differentiation of fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury) populations

The molecular variation and genetic relationships among five populations of the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury) in China were assessed using microsatellite technology. Ten microsatellite primers, producing polymorphic bands, were used across 300 samples. The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB) was 98.36%; the percentage of polymorphic loci in five populations ranged from high to low in the following order: Cangzhou population, Yantai population, Qinhuangdao population, Dandong population, and Shijiazhuang population. The results showed that 34.38% of the total genetic variation of the fall webworm (GST) occurs among populations, while most variation (65.62%) exists within populations. Nei’s genetic distances ranged from 0.1386 to 0.3224. Using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), Nei’s genetic distances were analyzed by a clustering technique and the dendrogram shows that population differentiation is closely related to the time and geographic origin of the invasion. The major factors impacting genetic diversity of fall webworm populations are longitude, the plain area ratio, annual precipitation, latitude and time of invasion. The formation of genetic structure is correlated with characteristics of the life history and invasion ecology of the species.     

AutoSSR：大批量、高效开发和分析SSR基元的软件

 为从大量的序列中快速发掘和利用简单序列重复(微卫星,SSRs),开发了一个软件工具——AutoSSR。该软件能够从一个包括大量FASTA格式的序列文件中发掘SSR,并分析不同SSRs类型的分布状况。与已开发的类似软件相比,该软件可以不受序列数量和不同系统平台的限制,高效、快速完成SSR信息的搜索和分析。利用该软件对GenBank上释放的来源于棉花、苹果和水稻的DNA序列进行了SSR发掘,得到了36000个SSRs。其中,对来源于棉花的SSRs信息,进一步利用Primer 3软件开发了位点特异性引物,为棉花基因组分析奠定了基础。