罗田甜柿种质资源ISSR分子标记初步鉴定

分别采集湖北省罗田县、麻城市自然分布的28、8株罗田甜柿(Diospyros kaki Thunb cv.Oriental persimmon)古树优系及小涩柿、无核、宝盖、秋焰甜柿优系为研究材料,利用简单重复序列间扩增分子标记(Inter simple sequence repeat,ISSR)技术对40个甜柿优系进行初步认证及亲缘关系分析。结果表明:1从21条ISSR引物中筛选出了9条能够扩增出清晰、稳定条带的引物,9条引物共扩增出185条谱带,其中多态性条带有185条,多态性条带比率为100%;2应用NTSYS2.10e软件对扩增结果进行非加权组平均法(Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means,UPGMA)聚类分析,40个甜柿优系大致被分为两大类,遗传相似系数从0.39到0.92;3罗田甜柿古树基因资源丰富,每个基因型都有其独特的指纹图谱,遗传多样性高。罗田甜柿优系间的亲缘关系与地理来源有一定的相关性,麻城市与罗田县地理位置交界区域的罗田甜柿资源相对集中在A区,其他地理位置采集优系集中在B区。分析结果可为罗田甜柿种质资源开发、基因资源保存、后期品种审定及鉴别提供理论依据。     

替代宿主传代后的SfaMNPV的毒力测定及电镜观察

对四种替代宿主传代后的芹菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒（ＳｆａＭＮＰＶ，Ｓｙｎｇｒａｐｈａｆａｌｃｉｆｅｒａｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｎｕｃｌｅａｒｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ）进行毒力测定，表明其对棉铃虫和小菜蛾仍具较高毒性，ＬＣ＿(５０)值分别为３．８０７×ｌ０￣４ＰＩＢ／ｍＬ和２．３６４×１０￣６ＰＩＢ／ｍＬ。超薄切片电镜观察，经过替代宿主传代后，ＳｆａＭＮＰＶ的包理类型发生了变化，表现在以多粒包埋为主向以单拉包埋为主的转变。     

马尾松毛虫越冬幼虫简易序贯抽样模型研究

采用指数曲线拟合方法，研究了马尾松毛虫越冬3－4龄幼虫的p-m关系，得其关系方程为m=0.0431e^6.5703p，制作了p-m简易估计相关数表，以此基础上，采用马占山（1988）的简易序贯抽亲决策模型进行了简易序贯抽样分析，制作了简易序贯抽样分析图、表。另外，本文还提出了“基本抽样数”的概念及其计算公式：qmin=tα^2Pt/(1-Pt）。     

蜀柏毒蛾核型多角体病毒的研究

蜀柏毒蛾Parocneria orienta Chao是柏木的一种重要害虫。1988年笔者在福建南平室内饲养和野外调查时,发现蜀柏毒蛾幼虫自然罹病死亡,经鉴定其病原为一种核型多角体病毒。该病毒尚未见报道,现将其分离、电镜观察、生物活性测定等报道如下。     

Comparative activity of Choristoneura fumiferana nucleopolyhedrovirus propagated in different hosts

The biological activity of the Ireland strain of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem) nucleopolyhedrovirus (CfMNPV) propagated in different hosts was determined to provide the basis upon which genetically modified CfMNPV, or other naturally occurring isolates, should be compared. Occlusion bodies (OB) derived from CF-203 cells were significantly larger and more pathogenic than those propagated in vivo when tested against the fifth larval instar of C fumiferana (Clem) and C occidentalis Freeman. The dose-responses (LD50 and LD95, expressed as occlusion bodies per larva) of C fumiferana larvae to in vitro-propagated OBs were 274 and 5785, respectively. The values of LD50 and LD95 to C occidentalis larvae were 19 and 118, respectively. There were no significant differences in pathogenicity or size when OBs propagated in C fumiferana larvae were tested against either insect species, nor were there significant differences for OBs propagated in C occidentalis larvae. The LD50 and LD95 of in vivo-produced OBs to C fumiferana were 925 and 61988, respectively. The LD50 and LD95 to C occidentalis were 50 and 453, respectively. OBs propagated in vitro had a mean volume of 13.13 microm3, whereas those propagated in vivo ranged from 0.84 to 1.41 microm3. The median survival time-responses (ST50) of fifth-instar C fumiferana or C occidentalis larvae to OBs propagated in vivo were not significantly different from those propagated in vitro at the dosage levels tested. Values of ST50 of C fumiferana larvae to in vitro- and in vivo-produced OBs at dosages causing less than 50% mortality rangedfrom 9.6 to 9.8 days post-inoculation (dpi), whereas a LD95 dose resulted in ST50 values ranging from 7.3 to 7.7 days. ST50 values of C occidentalis larvae at dosages causing less than 50% mortality ranged from 9.8 to 10.2 dpi, whereas a LD95 dose resulted in ST50 values ranging from 9.5 to 9.8 dpi. The median feeding cessation time-response (FT50) of fifth-instar C fumiferana larvae to OBs propagated in vitro (5.7 days) was not significantly different from the FT50 of those propagated in vivo in either insect species (5.3 and 5.7 days) at the dosage level tested (LD95). No significant differences in FT50 values were observed between OBs propagated in either larval host. The FT50 of C occidentalis larvae to OBs propagated in vitro (7.7 days) was not significantly different from that to those propagated in vivo in C occidentalis larvae (7.6days), but somewhat different (7.2 days) from that to those propagated in C fumiferana larvae. Results indicate that CfMNPV can be propagated in vivo in either C fumiferana or C occidentalis larvae (or sequentially through both) without alteration in infectivity, although the use of the CF-203 cell line yields the most biologically active OBs.     

海洋放线菌M1D14代谢产物对几种重要植物寄生线虫的抑制作用

采用梯度稀释法室内测定了海洋放线菌M1D14发酵液代谢产物对南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)2龄幼虫及其卵、松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)、大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)2龄幼虫的毒力,同时还测定了经过高温高压灭菌和0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤的M1D14发酵液对南方根结线虫的毒力。结果表明,海洋放线菌M1D14发酵液代谢产物对南方根结线虫卵的孵化无明显的抑制作用,对南方根结线虫幼虫毒力最强,对松材线虫幼虫毒力次之,对大豆孢囊线虫幼虫的毒力最弱。经过高温高压灭菌和微孔滤膜过滤的M1D14发酵液对南方根结线虫仍有毒力。M1D14杀线虫谱广、效果好、使用成本低,在生产上具有很好的应用前景。     

莱氏野村菌CQNr01对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的侵染研究

以莱氏野村菌Nomuraea riley CQNr01菌株接种斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura 2龄和4龄幼虫,观察感病率,并利用荧光染色观察菌株在幼虫离体表皮上的孢子萌发和附着胞产生情况。结果显示,菌株CQNr01孢子悬液浓度为1×10^8、1×10^9孢子·mL^-1时斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫的累计死亡率分别为86.58%和89.91%,而4龄则只有13.33%和16.67%。菌株CQNr01的孢子能够成功附着在斜纹夜蛾幼虫的离体表皮上,但孢子在2龄幼虫表皮的粘附能力优于4龄幼虫;接种24 h起两个龄期的离体表皮上均开始有孢子萌发现象并有附着胞和芽管产生,并随着接种时间的增长芽管不断伸长,但相同接种时间下孢子在2龄幼虫表皮上的萌发率和附着胞产生数量明显多于4龄幼虫表皮。研究证明菌株CQNr01对斜纹夜蛾高龄和低龄幼虫的致病力差异显著,其差异主要源于斜纹夜蛾幼虫体壁的屏障作用。     

七种药剂对朱砂叶螨室内毒力测定及田间药效试验

用7种药剂对蔬菜上朱砂叶螨的室内毒力和田间药效进行测定。结果表明:7种药剂中杀螨活性最高的是抗生素类-阿维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐,24h时LC50分别为0.1300和0.7118mg/L;唑螨酯和哒螨灵的效果次之,LC50分别为1.4808和3.1586mg/L;螺螨酯的敏感性最低,24h时LC50为1 181.4348mg/L;田间试验结果表明:1.8%阿维菌素乳油、1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油和15%哒螨灵乳油对朱砂叶螨的防效都非常好,2d的防效均达98%以上,14d的防效为100%。40%炔螨特乳油和5%唑螨酯悬浮剂在药后7和14d的防效达99%以上;240g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂表现出速效性稍低,持效性良好,药后14d防效为99.94%。