不同药剂对山楂叶螨的亚致死效应

在室内采用叶碟饲养的方法,利用生命表技术研究了四螨嗪、阿维菌素、甲氰菊酯及三唑锡对山楂叶螨的亚致死效应.结果表明,在成虫期,LC10、LC25剂量的阿维菌素、甲氰菊酯及三唑锡可使成螨的产卵量显著降低,除甲氰菊酯LC10外,其余处理可使次代种群的内禀增长率（rm）由0.173降低至0.133～0.167;在若螨Ⅰ期,LC10、LC25剂量的阿维菌素可使rm由0.237降低至0.197～0.199;甲氰菊酯LC10对雌螨的产卵有明显的刺激作用,rm由0.237提高到0.259,而LC25则无明显影响;在卵期,四螨嗪LC10对rm无明显影响,但LC50、LC25可使rm由0.173降低至0.149～0.154.     

Status of black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) resistance to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors in France

We assessed the contributions of target site‐ and non‐target site‐based resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in Alopecurus myosuroides (black grass). A total of 243 A. myosuroides populations collected across France were analysed using herbicide sensitivity bioassay (24 300 seedlings analysed) and ACC genotyping (13 188 seedlings analysed). Seedlings resistant to at least one ACC‐inhibiting herbicide were detected in 99.2% of the populations. Mutant, resistant ACC allele(s) were detected in 56.8% of the populations. Among the five resistant ACC alleles known in A. myosuroides, alleles containing an isoleucine‐to‐leucine substitution at codon 1781 were predominant (59.5% of the plants containing resistant ACC alleles). Comparison of the results from herbicide sensitivity bioassays with genotyping indicated that more than 75% of the plants resistant to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides in France would be resistant via increased herbicide metabolism. Analysis of herbicide application records suggested that in 15.9% of the populations studied, metabolism‐based resistance to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides was mostly selected for by herbicides with other modes of action. Our study revealed the importance of non‐target site‐based resistance in A. myosuroides. Using herbicides with alternative modes of action to control populations resistant to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides, the recommended management approach, may thus be jeopardised by the widespread occurrence of metabolism‐based resistance mechanisms conferring broad‐spectrum cross‐resistance.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—ULTRASOUND-GUIDED ETHANOL SCLEROTHERAPY FOR A SIMPLE RENAL CYST

Solitary renal cysts are benign and in the majority of instances asymptomatic and do not require treatment. Nevertheless, treatment may be required if abdominal discomfort or pain, hypertension, infection or renal outflow obstruction occur. Under these circumstances, percutaneous management of the cyst is the easiest and fastest procedure, and no major complications are generally encountered. In this report we describe a patient with a solitary renal cyst treated successfully by a single injection of ethanol into the cyst. The sonographic appearance of the cyst changed from a well-defined hypoechoic structure to an ill-defined hyperechoic region. Canine renal cysts may be successfully managed in some instances by a single ethanol injection.     

Occurrence of microsatellites in spinach sequences from computer databases and development of polymorphic SSR markers

Microsatellites are valuable tools as molecular markers in plant breeding. To establish genetic linkage maps or for population studies, information about the occurrence and usability of microsatellite markers in different species is necessary. Sequences of spinach Spinacia oleracea from computer databases were therefore searched for the presence of microsatellites. Sixty simple sequence repeats were found in 237 spinach sequences with a total of 349.4 kb DNA. After removing duplicated sequences, 50 different microsatellites with various motifs remained. Differences between nuclear and chloroplast DNA were not in the number of microsatellites but in their type and length. Chloroplast sequences from spinach contain only short strings of A and AT repeats, whereas nuclear sequences show a wider variety of motifs. Flanking primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were designed for 13 of these microsatellites and tested with two different varieties of spinach. Twelve primer pairs gave amplification products and seven of these showed polymorphisms in the variety ‘Wiremona’ but only one in the variety ‘Monatol’. These markers may be used for linkage analysis or population studies in spinach.     

几个植物种叶片生化物质对杉木种子的发芽效应

对杉木、丝栗栲及木荷叶片的生化物质进行了初步的分离,并用杉木种子进行了生物检测.结果表明:经木荷和丝栗栲处理的,就绝对发芽率和胚根长而言,其弱极性生化物质组分的促进作用大于极性生化物质组分的;就鲜质量和干质量而言,极性生化物质组分的促进作用大于弱极性生化物质组分的;经杉木处理的,就绝对发芽率、胚根长及鲜质量而言,杉木叶片弱极性生化物质组分的抑制作用大于极性生化物质组分的活性,而对于干质量而言,极性生化物质组分的抑制作用大于弱极性生化物质组分的.     

Synergistic interaction of physcion and chrysophanol on plant powdery mildew

The extract of the plant Rheum officinale Baill, mainly containing the anthraquinones physcion and chrysophanol, is highly active against plant powdery mildew. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse to determine the interaction of the two compounds on cucumber powdery mildew [Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.) Poll] and on wheat powdery mildew [Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer f. sp. tritici Marchal]. Physcion was much more bioactive than chrysophanol against these powdery mildews. There was a significant synergistic interaction between the two compounds on the diseases when the ratios of physcion to chrysophanol ranged from 1:9 to 5:5. The synergistic degree increased with increase in the chrysophanol proportion in the combination. The findings indicate that, in order to ensure constant efficacy of the extract on the disease, both the contents and the proportion of the main active ingredients physcion and chrysophanol have to be determined.     

Hormonal influences on in vitro [35S]-sulfate uptake by gill arches from the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)

A bioassay for insulin-like growth factor (IGF), based on the in vitro incorporation of [³⁵S]-sulfate into gill arch tissue was used to study the hormonal regulation of proteoglycan synthesis in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). [³⁵S]-sulfate incorporation into gill arch tissue was found to be time-dependent with maximal uptake occurring by 48h, suggesting that proteoglycan synthesis in this tissue was maintained for at least 48h in vitro. The addition of human recombinant IGF-I (IGF-I) to the incubation medium was found to significantly stimulate [³⁵S]-sulfate uptake into the gill arches, whereas bovine growth hormone (GH) was without effect. Porcine insulin was also stimulatory, but results indicate that the effects of porcine insulin and IGF-I may be mediated by a single receptor system. Finally, arches from hypophysectomized fish were significantly less responsive to IGF-I than were arches from sham-operated fish. Furthermore, administration of ovine GH in vivo appeared to increase subsequent responsiveness in vitro. Together, these results provide evidence that the growth-promoting actions of GH in the goldfish may be mediated, at least in part, by a peptide related in structure to mammalian IGF-I.     

Preparation and comparison of biological properties of recombinant carp (Cyprinus carpio) growth hormone and its Cys-123 to Ala mutant

Carp growth hormone (cGH) cDNA, in which Cys-123 was mutated to Ala, was prepared, transferred to the expression vector, expressed in Escherichia coli and the mutant was purified to homogeneity. The mutation only slightly improved yield of the monomeric fraction, indicating that Cys-123 is not involved in improper refolding. As compared to cGH, the mutant (cGH-C123A) exhibited lower binding affinity toward homologous liver receptors and lower bioactivity in a 3T3-F442A preadipocyte bioassay despite the fact that both hormones exhibited almost identical cross-reactivity with anti-cGH antibodies. These results, along with those of a structural comparison to hGH, suggest that Cys-123 is located in the hydrophobic core of the hormone, and is most likely affecting the conformation of the binding site. Dimeric forms of the hormone and its mutant were less active than their respective monomers. Homologous binding experiments using a carp liver microsomal fraction revealed a single receptor population with Kd = 0.77 nM and B_max = 241 fmol/mg microsomal protein.

---

Résumé Un ADN complémentaire (cDNA) de l'hormone de croissance de carpe (cGH), dans lequel l'acide aminé Cys-123 a été muté en Ala, a été préparé, inséré dans un vecteur d'expression, et exprimé dans Escherichia coli. Le mutant a ensuite été purifié jusqu'à homogénéité. La mutation améliore seulement faiblement la production de la fraction monomérique, indiquant que le Cys-123 n'est pas impliqué dans un repliement erroné. Comparé à la cGH, sa forme mutée (cGH-C123A) montre une plus faible affinité de liaison vis à vis de récepteurs hépatiques homologues, et une plus faible activité biologique dans un test réalisé sur des préadipocytes 3T3-F442A; cela en dépit du fait que les deux hormones présentent des réactions croisées presque identiques avec un anticorps anti-cGH polyclonale. Ces résultats, associés à une comparaison à la structure de l'hGH, suggèrent que le Cys-123 est localisé dans la partie hydrophobique de l'hormone, et affecte, le plus vraisemblablement, la conformation du site de liaison. Les formes dimériques de l'hormone et de sa forme mutée sont moins actives que leurs monomères respectifs. Les études de liaison homologue, réalisées avec des fractions microsomales de foie, révèlent une population unique de récepteurs de Kd = 0,77 nM et de B_max = 241 fmol/mg de proteine microsomale.

     

Relationship Between Heterosis and Parental Genetic Distance Based on Molecular Markers for Functional Genes Related to Yield Traits in Rice

The genetic distances among 18 cytoplasmic male sterile lines and 11 restorer lines were analyzed with molecular markers derived from yield-related functional genes.The correlation between parental genetic distance and heterosis was investigated by analyzing the performance of 47 combinations.The results showed that the genetic distance was significantly correlated with yield heterosis(r=0.29*),but not significantly correlated with heterosis for other traits,such as number of effective panicles per plant,se...     

几种农作物对绿黄隆敏感性的生物测定及在残留检测中的应用

采用土壤添加培养的方法测定了绿黄隆对玉米、水稻、大豆等作物的生物活性。结果表明 :绿黄隆在土壤中对玉米的致害阈限 ( IC1 0 )为 0 .1 7μg/ kg,对水稻的致害阈限则为 0 .4 3 4 9～ 0 .94 1 0μg/ kg,同时 ,绿黄隆的代谢产物之一的邻氯苯磺酰胺对玉米的生物活性要比绿黄隆的低得多 ,它对以玉米根系鲜重为指示指标的生物测定方法不会产生干扰 ,确定了以玉米根系鲜重为指示指标的生物测定方法 ,并以此得到了标准方程 ( P=4 .6653 1 .0 2 3 5lg C,r=0 .9859* * ) ,用该方法检测了田间连续 2年使用绿黄隆后土壤中的残留量。检测结果表明 :第 1年使用 ,6个月后土壤中绿黄隆的残留量约为施药当日的 1 0 %左右 ;连续 2年使用 ,土壤中的残留量较上一年略有增加