日粮钙水平对空怀期云南半细毛羊生长性能及血清生化指标和繁殖相关激素的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮钙水平对空怀期云南半细毛羊生长性能、配种前血清生化指标和繁殖相关激素的影响,为开展空怀期云南半细毛羊营养需要量研究提供参考。选用50只体况良好、体重相近、38月龄的经产2胎空怀云南半细毛羊,随机均分为5组,分别饲喂0.40%(无外源钙)、0.45%、0.53%、0.66%、0.85%5个钙水平的日粮。预试期14d,正试期30d。结果表明:0.53%钙水平组云南半细毛羊的总增重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、耗料增重比等指标相对优于其他组;0.40%钙水平日粮组的血清钙最高,血清碱性磷酸酶、甲状旁腺素、钙、磷组间差异不显著(P>0.05);繁殖相关激素各组间表现不一,0.40%钙水平组雌二醇水平最高(P>0.05)。在日粮磷水平为0.20%水平条件下,0.53%钙水平组的空怀期云南半细毛羊表现出较好的生长性能,可为临配种前生理生化和激素水平提供较好准备;增加日粮钙水平,未见对以上指标有明显的正向增强作用,可能与日粮钙磷比失衡有关。     

加强农村生活垃圾收集处理 促进可持续发展

通过对该黑龙江省集贤县农村生活垃圾处理情况的调查,深切感到解决农村生活垃圾问题的重要性,对此提出了对策建议     

阿勒泰羊生长速度与主要血液生化指标含量及尾脂Leptin基因表达关系

试验通过研究不同生长速度阿勒泰羊主要血液生化指标含量和尾脂中瘦素（Leptin）基因的表达水平，探讨阿勒泰羊生长速度与脂肪沉积之间的关系。选取300只出生时间相近的阿勒泰羊公羔，正常饲喂至6月龄，记录日增重，取平均日增重排前10%和后10%的公羔各30只，分为生长快速组（HBW）和生长慢速组（LBW），从生长快速组随机选12只分为抑制生长组（饲喂低能量饲粮以抑制其生长，HBW-75%，n=6）和生长快速对照组（饲喂标准饲粮，HBW-100%，n=6），生长慢速组随机选12只分为促进生长组（饲喂高能量饲粮以促进生长，LBW-125%，n=6）和生长慢速对照组（饲喂标准饲粮，LBW-100%，n=6）；预饲期7 d，正饲期30 d，试验结束后称重并采集血液，屠宰后采集尾部脂肪。检测血液TG、CK、TSH、T3、T4、S.S、GH、INS、PG、Leptin含量或活性及尾部脂肪Leptin mRNA和蛋白表达量，并观察尾部脂肪细胞形态学变化。结果显示，HBW-100%和LBW-100%组初体重与末体重均差异显著（P<0.05），HBW-75%和HBW-100%组初体重与末体重均无显著差异（P>0.05）；LBW-100%和LBW-125%组初体重差异显著（P<0.05），末体重无显著差异（P>0.05）。LBW-100%组的T4、S.S、Leptin、TSH、T3含量显著低于HBW-100%组（P<0.05）；LBW-125%组T3含量显著高于LBW-100%组（P<0.05）；HBW-75%组GH、PG和Leptin含量显著低于HBW-100%组（P<0.05）。LBW-125%组尾部脂肪细胞面积大于LBW-100%组，HBW-75%组小于HBW-100%组（P<0.05）。Leptin mRNA和蛋白表达量检测结果表明，HBW-100%组的Leptin mRNA表达量与LBW-100%组无显著差异（P>0.05），Leptin蛋白表达量极显著高于LBW-100%组（P<0.01）。LBW-125%组Leptin mRNA和蛋白的表达量均显著高于LBW-100%组（P<0.05）。HBW-75%组Leptin mRNA的表达量极显著低于HBW-100%组（P<0.01），Leptin蛋白表达量显著低于HBW-100%组（P<0.05）。综上所述，生长快速组与生长慢速组中，Leptin的表达量与体重和体脂有一定关联；在生长慢速组促进生长后体重和体脂显著增加，Leptin的表达量呈上升趋势；在生长快速组抑制生长后体重和体脂减少，Leptin的表达呈下降趋势。改变生长速度对Leptin的表达量会产生影响，从而改变机体的脂肪沉积状况。     

The utilisation potential of urban greening waste: Tartu case study

In light of climate change and the increasingly limited availability of energy resources, any form of renewable raw materials that can be used for energy production should be accounted for. One of the most promising renewable sources is considered to be that of lignocellulosic feedstock. In urban forestry and greening, millions of tons of lignocellulosic waste is produced every year but that biomass mostly goes unused. The aim of this research project was to investigate the utilisation potential of this very form of waste biomass using a medium-sized town as a sample for the work (Tartu in Estonia, with a population circa 100,000). Woody and non-woody vegetation representing greening waste from different seasons was investigated: spring and autumn leaves, and mixed waste from urban greening which contained grass, twigs, and leaves. BMP assays were conducted to estimate the biogas production potential and the three step bio-ethanol production process was used to estimate the bio-ethanol production potential. In the bio-ethanol production process, an N₂ explosion pre-treatment was used, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Map analysis was used to assess the area that was manageable by urban forestry and greening in the city of Tartu in order to estimate the amount of greening and forestry waste that was available for bioconversion and the volumes of biofuel that could be produced.     

Effect of Alfalfa Flavonoids on Growth Performance and Serum Indexes of Sheep

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of alfalfa flavonoids (Medicago sativa) on growth performance and serum indexes of sheep.This experiment was performed with hybrid F1 sheep of Suffolk sheep×Small-tailed Han sheep.Twenty-eight sheep with the body weight of (27.02±3.03) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 7 replicates in each group and 1 sheep per replicate.Sheep in different groups were fed diets with 0 (group Ⅰ), 0.1% (group Ⅱ), 0.2%(group Ⅲ) and 0.4% (group Ⅳ) alfalfa flavonoids, respectively.The experiment was cosisted of 7-day-preliminary trial and 41-day-formal trial.The results showed as follows:① Dietary supplementation of alfalfa flavonoids had no significant effects on growth performance of sheep(P>0.05).② Dietary supplementation of alfalfa flavonoids had significant effects on the contents of GLB, ASP, BUN, HDL and P in serum (P<0.05).Serum GLB content at the 1st day in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in groupsⅠand Ⅱ(P<0.05), serum ASP contents at the 1st and 21th days in group Ⅳ were significantly lower than those in group Ⅰ(P<0.05), serum BUN content at the 1st day in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ(P<0.05), serum HDL content at the 21th day in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05), serum P content in group Ⅳ at the 21th day was significantly lower than that in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05).In conclusion, dietary supplementation of alfalfa flavonoids might modulate lipid metabolism, improve nitrogen utilization, maintain energy metabolic and balance Ca and P contents, and have the potential function for promoting growth and no adverse effect on liver.The results suggested that the appropriate supplemental level of alfalfa flavonoids for sheep was 0.2%.     

Effects of Adding Mannan Oligosaccharides to Diets with Different Concentrate to Forage Ratios on Ruminal Fermentation of Sheep in vitro

The test was aimed at determining the effects of adding MOS to diets with different concentrate to forage ratios on ruminal fermentation of sheep in vitro.The 4×6 two-factor experimental design was chosen.There were 4 diets with different concentrate to forage ratios(20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50) and added to 6 dosages MOS(0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%), respectively.The method of gas production in vitro was used to measure the total gas and CH₄ production, IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD after cultured for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h.The results showed that the gas(except 12 and 24 h) and CH₄ production(except 9 h) were not impacted by the two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD were significantly affected by concentrate to forage ratios(P<0.05), while the IVCPD at 24 h was significantly affected by MOS(P<0.05).Meanwhile, all the indexes were not influenced by the interaction of two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD and IVOMD increased with the rising of concentrate approximately, while the IVCPD decreased with the rising of MOS roughly.The biggest associative effect was gained in 30:70 concentrate to forage diet when adding 1.2% MOS.     

常州市城镇化对工业废水排放量的影响——以江苏省常州市为例

基于熵值法对常州市城市化水平进行评估,以2005~2014年数据为基础观察当地工业废水排放量变化趋势,运用灰色关联分析法研究城镇化对常州工业废水排放量的具体影响。结果表明:经济、人口和社会城镇化是影响工业废水排放量的主要因素;第二产业在工业中占据的比例是影响工业废水排放量的最主要的指标;城镇化的发展对工业废水排放量的影响处于减小趋势。     

羊IL-1Ra基因全长cDNA克隆及生物信息学分析

试验旨在对羊白介素1受体颉颃因子（interleukin-1 receptor antagonist，IL-1Ra）基因进行全长cDNA克隆及生物学分析。根据布鲁氏菌感染羊白细胞层SSH cDNA文库中的IL-1Ra基因序列信息及已知核苷酸序列（GenBank登录号：KC425613.1）设计引物，利用RT-PCR结合RACE方法扩增并克隆IL-1Ra基因，对其进行序列及相关分子特性分析。结果表明，羊IL-1Ra基因全长为1 228 bp，可编码174个氨基酸，含有1个完整的IL-1保守结构域和1个IL-1Ra结构域（PHA02651结构域）。IL-1Ra分子质量为19 765.8 u，等电点（pI）为5.72，其分子式为C₈₈₅H₁₃₈₅N₂₃₅O₂₅₆S₁₁，且含有信号肽。二级结构分析显示，IL-1Ra分子存在较多的β折叠及受体结合位点，与三级结构预测结果一致，且与人/鼠IL-1Ra分子的空间结构相似度极高，达到90%以上。羊IL-1Ra有IL-1特有的三叶草结构，其酶结合结构域位于TYR⁴⁷至GLU⁶⁶之间。将羊IL-1Ra与牛、虎鲸、宽吻海豚、猪、家犬、人、鼠等14个物种进行蛋白质同源性比对，发现在各物种间存在5个高度同源的半胱氨酸位点。系统进化树分析发现，羊IL-1Ra基因全长cDNA所编码的氨基酸序列同山羊、牛单独形成一个分支。本研究结果为今后深入研究IL-1Ra基因的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Establishment and Optimization of INH Epitope Peptide Vaccine for Detection of Antibody

In this study, an indirect ELISA method was established to detect inhibin hormone (INH) epitope peptide vaccine antibody, it would provide oretical reference for the determination of Fine-wool sheep after active immune body INH epitope peptide vaccine antibody. On the basis of the predecessors, using indirect ELISA method to determinate serum INH epitope peptide antibody levels of sheep, and through control different experimental conditions to look for the best experimental conditions. Through explorating the experimental conditions, finally, the testing experiment conditions were determined, which was blocked solution with skimmed milk powder, INH and GnIH synthetic peptides dilution degrees for 20 000 times, the optimum reaction time was 60 min, the best color action time was 15 min. In this experiment, a kind of method to detection antibody in the body after INH active immune sheep was built, it would provide a reference for future research.     

豫北山区“粮—草—羊”高效平衡养羊模式现状

从粮食作物、经济作物及饲草的种植,饲草料的加工调制与利用,全舍饲肉羊的养殖及杂交繁育,以及羊粪尿的资源化利用等方面介绍了豫北山区“粮—草—羊”高效平衡养羊模式发展现状,以期为促进豫北山区资源可持续利用、山区生态环境良性循环和社会经济可持续发展提供思路。