豫麦10号高产栽培技术调查总结

通过对小麦新品种豫麦1O号的观察,认为该品种在上蔡县增产潜力较大。为充分发挥其增产优势,从整地播种,施肥浇水,中、后期管理等方面提出了措施和建议。     

The evolution and application of enzymes in the animal feed industry: the role of data interpretation

ABSTRACT

1. Enzymes have been used commercially for nearly 40 years and save significant costs through sparing of expensive nutrients but the mechanism by which this is achieved is still debated.

2. The research focused on non-starch polysaccharidase (NSPase) enzymes is used as an example of where greater progress could have been made if the details of the work had been described more fully and the analysis of the data generated had been broader in scope and more critical.

3. Lack of standardisation of the details presented in the materials and methods has been identified as a significant barrier to meaningful retrospective analysis and thus limits advances in the understanding of the mode of action of these enzymes.

4. The identity of the enzyme employed and its activity is often lacking, and more importantly the purity is rarely disclosed. Contaminant activities which are neither listed nor assayed could play a significant role in the responses observed.

5. The dose optimum of most enzymes is often considerably higher than that employed in most studies. Thus studies claiming synergy between two ‘activities’ should ensure that the response is not related to each enzyme simply augmenting the dose of just one activity in the finished feed. This is a common problem, and coupled with the lack of factorial experiments to justify the presence of each enzyme in a multi-enzyme product, it is not surprising that there is still debate as to whether single or multi-enzymes are best suited poultry rations.

6. The three proposed mechanisms for NSPases (viscosity, cell wall and prebiotic) are discussed, and along with their strengths and weaknesses it is suggested that a re-evaluation of each is needed. Viscosity may have to be re-evaluated as being a function not only of the cereal being fed, but of the age of the animal as well. The cell wall theory as described is poorly modelled in vitro and hence the validity of these data is questioned. The prebiotic theory may need significant modification as it appears that the quantities of oligomers produced are insufficient to generate the additional volatile fatty acids (VFA)’s reported. It is likely that all three mechanisms play a role in the responses observed, but the prebiotic mechanism probably plays by far the most important part in low viscosity diets.

7. Future research would be improved if it considered all potential mechanisms when designing a trial. Significant failings are apparent as a result of adherence to tenets in explanation of the results. Most importantly, it should be emphasised that a hypothesis is there to be tested, not defended.     

酵母细胞壁多糖在动物生产中的应用

酵母细胞壁多糖(YCP)作为一种天然绿色的添加剂,具有促进动物生长发育、提高动物生产性能、保护动物肠道健康和增强动物免疫力等诸多功能,可以有效替代抗生素在动物饲料中广泛使用.本文就YCP的组成结构以及在动物生产中的应用进行综述,为其进一步的研究和利用提供理论依据.     

吉林西部苏打盐碱土在不同添加物下水分入渗特性

依据土壤水动力学理论,基于室内一维土柱入渗试验,选用稻壳、玉米秸秆、河沙3种材料作为添加物,分别将添加物以不同掺量与土壤均匀混合对苏打盐碱土进行入渗试验,从累计入渗量、入渗速率、湿润锋运移距离等方面研究苏打盐碱土在不同添加物及不同掺量下水分的入渗特性.结果表明:对照组土壤入渗量为3 mm·d-1,混掺1％稻壳、玉米秸秆...     

辣椒新品种湘椒6号的选育

湘椒６号是由湖南地方良种伏地尖中选出的自交系Ｆ８１－１－２从北方引进的甜椒品种经６代单株选择而成Ｌ２４－１自交系配制而成的一代杂各。该品种植株生长势强,耐寒、耐湿,果实粗牛角形,果色深绿,微辣,商品性好。从定值致收获３５￣４５天,６６７ｍ＾２产鲜椒３０００ｋｇ。田间表现抗病毒病、疮痂病。     

不同品种玉米施用液体配方肥产量差异分析

为深入探究不同品种玉米产量的差异,本试验以MC670、农华101、农华5号和农华106为试验材料,对其产量及产量构成因素进行分析。结果表明:农华5号表现最好,亩穗数最多出苗率最高,分别为5188个和98.5 %,较其他均增加1.3 % ~ 2.67 %;籽粒含水量最低,为24.33 %,较其他减少1.14 % ~ 3.07 %;穗籽粒干重为199 g,较其他增加3.1 % ~ 12.6 %;穗粒数为563粒,较农华101增加9.7 %;百粒重为35.3 g,较其他增加2.4 % ~ 17.4 %;亩产量最高,为1031.5 kg,较其他增加5.8 % ~ 14.6 %。因此,农华5号可作为高产品种在当地推广种植。     

粗牛角椒新品种郑椒505 的选育

郑椒505具有中熟,果实粗牛角形,果长15～18cm,肩径宽6～7cm,肉厚0.4cm,单果重125～167g,果色深绿,辣味适中,商品性好,品质优良,维生素C含量113mg/100g。丰产抗病,每667m2产量可达4270.26kg,高抗疫病、病毒病、炭疽病,适应性强,春秋保护地、露地均可种植。     

湘红菜薹一号的选育

湘红菜薹一号是以自交不亲和系９４１５－２和孤雌生殖系Ｊ－７－２配制的紫菜薹一代杂种,极早熟,从播种到始收４５天左右,早期产量高,菜薹亮紫色,无蜡粉,味甜,品质好,耐热,抗软腐病能力强,适应性广,适用于长江流域夏秋栽培和早熟秋冬栽培。     

早熟马铃薯新品种洛马铃薯8号的选育

洛马铃薯8号由“中薯3号x秦芋30号”杂交选育而成。早熟,生育期66d,休眠期中等,51d左右。薯块卵圆形,黄皮黄肉,薯皮光滑,芽眼浅,薯块较整齐,平均单株薯块数2．5个,单薯质量104．72g,商品薯率94．46％,淀粉含量13．6％,VC含量24．4m~100g,蛋白质2．70％,还原糖含量0．19％,较抗病毒病和晚疫病．667m2产量1302．04kg以上,适宜中原二季作区春秋两季种植。     

玉米秸秆切割过程的非线性数值模拟与仿真试验

应用Solidworks软件建立玉米秸秆—切割刀片参数化模型,借助LS-DYNA971非线性有限元软件模拟切割刀片切割玉米秸秆的过程。玉米秸秆切割的有限元数值模拟能降低试验成本和缩短试验时间,可视化数值模拟过程可为玉米秸秆收获机械的设计提供理论参考。利用参数化模型特点,通过改变玉米秸秆直径大小、秸秆含水率、切割方式和刀片刀端线速度进行正交仿真试验。结果表明：对切割力来说,含水率对其影响最显著,其它影响依次为：秸秆直径、切割方式、刀片刀端线速度;对切割功耗来说,含水率影响最显著,其次分别为：秸秆直径、刀片刀端线速度、切割方式。经正交综合平衡法分析可知：当刀片刀端线速度为28 m·s^-1,采取滑切方式,玉米秸秆含水率、直径分别为45%、26 mm时为最优。玉米秸秆—切割刀片动力学可视化数值模拟仿真模型的构建和分析, 对玉米秸秆收获机械设计具有重要的参考价值。