Callus induction and plant regeneration from lateral shoots of herbaceous bamboo Mniochloa abersend

Callus induction and plant regeneration of Mniochloa abersend via lateral shoots were conducted in this study. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was effective for compact callus induction. Remarkably, calli on the MS medium with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D yielded the highest folds of proliferation (8.01), and showed a high potential capacity to differentiate 1 year after subculture. In addition, the compact calli possessed 100% differentiation rate and generated more shoots that were green and strong in 1.0 mg/L kinetin and 1.0 mg/L NAA. Vigorous roots were generated in the 1/2MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid, and the resultant plantlets exhibited 90% survival rate after they were hardened and transplanted. The established regeneration system of M. abersend provides a promising platform for bamboo gene function study.     

Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.     

上海半自然森林更新苗物种组成与多样性研究

城市半自然森林具有独特的群落结构和生物多样性特征,研究城市化影响的半自然森林更新特征,可以为城市生物多样性保育与地带性植被恢复重建提供借鉴。文章以上海辰山残存半自然森林1 hm^2固定监测样地为对象,调查分析半自然森林更新苗的物种组成特征。结果表明:1 hm^2样地更新苗共5 937株,分属22科32属37种,其中上海自然分布的乡土种占57.89%,明显高于城市人工林的乡土树种比例;香樟、构树、天竺桂、朴树和小蜡等5种更新苗占总数的57.2%,聚集性分布格局明显;在11个植被群落类型中,各类型更新苗的丰富度普遍较高,不同树种的更新苗存活和发育潜力存在差异。     

薰衣草茎段再生体系的建立

以薰衣草带芽茎段为外植体,探讨不同激素种类与水平等因素对其愈伤诱导、不定芽分化、增殖与不定根形成的影响,并筛选了薰衣草试管苗过渡移栽的适宜基质等。试验结果表明:不定芽启动培养以MS+BA1.0~2.0mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂6.5g/L为宜;继代增殖以MS+BA1.0~2.0mg/L+IBA0.25mg/L+GA1.0mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂6.5g/L为宜;不定根分化以White+IBA0.4mg/L+蔗糖20g/L+琼脂6.5g/L或White+NAA0.8mg/L+蔗糖20g/L+琼脂6.5 g/L为宜。     

不同高粱自交系幼胚组织培养及植株再生

以7份高粱自交系幼胚为外植体,研究了不同基因型对组织培养的反应和植株再生的差异。结果表明:不同高粱基因型间愈伤组织诱导率没有明显差异,但胚性愈伤组织百分率、不定芽分化率以及再生频率有明显差异。其中YN336A、YN267R、YN510R和YN338A的再生效果较好,其不定芽发生率、不定根发生率及移栽成活率分别为64.4%-72.8%,76.2%-100.0%和36.3%-80.0%。对只生根不生芽的基因型,加入1-2 mg/L KT有明显抑制生根、促进生芽的效应。     

基于14C同化物运转和分配对黄柏剥皮的再生机理

以14C为示踪剂,用14CO2+CO2法对2年生黄柏进行半株标记,在主干上环状剥去韧皮部,以塑料薄膜包裹,燃烧法制样、液体闪烁测量法测14C活度。结果表明,未剥皮黄柏韧皮部的14C同化物运输速率为52.0cm/h,3h左右同化物从树冠运输到根系,树冠不同部位的功能叶14C同化物分配为:中部功能叶>上部功能叶>下部功能叶;剥皮后,同化物分配规律改变为:上部功能叶>中部功能叶>下部功能叶;剥皮第15天在新生韧皮部、剥口下方的树皮及根系中检测到14C同化物,表明新生韧皮部的生理功能得到恢复。     

黄灯笼辣椒子叶离体培养与植株再生

以黄灯笼辣椒无菌苗子叶为外植体,研究激素对不定芽分化及植株再生的影响。结果表明:6-BA对子叶不定芽的诱导效果最好;IAA与6-BA配合能明显提高子叶不定芽的分化率;在分化培养基中添加4mg/LGA3,有利于不定芽的伸长。不定芽分化的最适培养基为MS 6-BA5mg/L IAA1mg/L AgNO36mg/L,平均诱导率达75%;不定芽伸长的最适培养基为MS 6-BA3mg/L IAA1mg/L AgNO36mg/L GA34mg/L,平均伸长率可达90%;最佳生根培养基为MS IAA0.5mg/L,生根率达95%;建立了辣椒子叶植株再生体系。     

加工番茄子叶和下胚轴离体植株再生的研究

以加工番茄BO 2和BO 4无菌苗的子叶和下胚轴为外植体,以M S为基本培养基,研究了不同浓度的ZT,6-BA与不同浓度的IAA组合对外植体芽诱导的影响。结果表明,在不同浓度的ZT和IAA组合中,对2个番茄品种的子叶和下胚轴外植体芽诱导均以M S+1.0 m g/L ZT+0.05 m g/L IAA培养基为最好,BO 2品种子叶和下胚轴的出芽率分别为32.7%和24.5%,BO 4品种的分别为37.3%和28.2%;在不同浓度的6-BA和IAA组合中,诱导BO 2外植体出芽率最高的培养基是M S+2.0 m g/L 6-BA+0.2 m g/L IAA,子叶和下胚轴的出芽率分别为27.3%和14.5%;诱导BO 4品种子叶和下胚轴出芽率最高的培养基分别为M S+1.0 m g/L 6-BA+0.2 m g/LIAA和M S+2.0 m g/L 6-BA+0.2 m g/L IAA,子叶和下胚轴的出芽率均为28.2%;在M S+0.1 m g/L IAA培养基上,加工番茄BO 2再生芽1周左右就能长出根,形成完整的小植株。     

湘棉18茎尖培养条件初步研究

以腺体突变型湘棉18为试验材料,先将棉花种子在无菌的蛭石中培养5-7d后,取棉花苗制备棉花苗茎尖,培养在无激素MSB培养基或加入激素的MSB培养基上,直接再生完整植株,结果表明:植株再生率主要与再生培养基中外源激素含量、活性炭浓度及茎尖分生组织的取材时间密切相关.     

改良大豆胚尖再生体系的研究

为了研究利用Thidiazuron(TDZ)建立大豆胚尖高效再生体系的可行性。跃进10号的成熟种子浸泡16 h后,收集胚尖转入添加了不同浓度的TDZ芽诱导培养基中,4周后计算出芽率,并对拔高培养基和生根培养基进行优化。TDZ浓度为0.08 mg/L时,出芽率最高,达92.6%,平均每个外植体产生的丛生芽的数目也最多。适宜大豆胚尖的芽诱导分化培养基为MS+0.08 mg/L TDZ,拔高培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L KT+0.2 mg/L NNN,生根培养基为1/2MS+1.0 mg/L IBA。利用TDZ建立大豆胚尖高效再生体系是可行的,提高了丛生芽的分化率,为快繁和提高遗传转化效率奠定了坚实的基础。