八段锦对多囊卵巢综合征患者体征、性激素及卵巢超声的影响

目的 探究八段锦对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者的体征、性激素及卵巢超声的影响。方法 将60例PCOS患者随机分为观察组与对照组各30例,两组均以低热卡饮食为基础,均不接受药物治疗,观察组有组织地进行八段锦运动6个月,对照组除日常活动外,不刻意进行体育运动。比较运动前后两组患者的体征、性激素水平以及B超下卵巢形态的变化。结果 观察组痤疮评分、体质指数（BMI）及腰臀比（WHR）较运动前及对照组均下降（P<0.05）,黄体生成素（LH）及其与卵泡刺激素（FSH）的比值（LH/FSH）、睾酮（T）水平较运动前及对照组降低（P<0.05）,B超双侧卵巢平均卵泡个数（MFN）较运动前及对照组减少（P<0.05）,但多毛评分、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、催乳素（PRL）、孕酮（P）、雌二醇（E2）水平及B超双侧卵巢平均体积（MOV）较对照组及运动前差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 八段锦可以改善PCOS患者痤疮症状,降低BMI及WHR,降低LH/FSH、T水平以及改善卵巢形态,是一种有效的辅助治疗手段。     

三苯基锡对褐菖鮋卵巢发育的影响

尽管三苯基锡(triphenyltin,TPT)与三丁基锡(tributyltin,TBT)在海洋环境中经常同时存在,但相对于TBT,对TPT的毒性研究还较少。本实验以海洋经济鱼类褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)为对象,研究环境水平TPT对卵巢发育的影响。结果发现,TPT抑制了卵巢发育,表现为性腺指数的降低。TPT还诱导卵巢总脂质水平的增加,而卵巢脂质蓄积可能影响卵巢的正常生殖功能。另外,TPT暴露后,卵巢游离睾酮水平增加,卵巢游离17β-雌二醇水平降低;同时,血清三碘甲腺原氨酸水平降低。因此,TPT对性激素和甲状腺激素水平的影响可能是其抑制卵巢发育的重要机制。实验结果为全面了解TPT产生鱼类生殖毒性效应、途径和机制提供了新的重要的资料。     

视黄酸诱导鸡胚胎干细胞向雄性生殖细胞分化的研究

体外胚胎干细胞（embryonic stem cells,ESCs）向生殖细胞分化可用于治疗不育症,同时也为揭示种系世代的分子机制提供最佳模型。试验旨在探讨视黄酸（retinoic acid,RA）诱导鸡胚胎干细胞（chicken embryonic stem cells,cESCs）向雄性生殖细胞（male germ cells,MGCs）分化的作用效果。利用胰蛋白酶消化法从新鲜种蛋X期鸡胚中分离胚胎干细胞,以鸡胚成纤维（chicken embryo fibroblast,CEF）细胞为滋养层,进行体外培养,利用形态法、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,AKP）染色和胚胎阶段特异性表面抗原（embryo specific surface antigen 1,SSEA-1）检测对获得的胚胎干细胞进行鉴定。结果表明,获得典型的呈巢状或岛状的cESCs克隆,细胞AKP染色呈蓝紫色,表明其具有较高的内源性AKP活性;SSEA-1鉴定结果呈阳性,显示cESCs克隆具有多能性。采用10^-5 mol/L RA诱导鸡胚胎干细胞向雄性生殖细胞分化,镜下观察细胞形态变化,分别于诱导第0、2、4、6、8、10天提取细胞总RNA,反转录成cDNA,用于实时荧光定量PCR检测生殖细胞标志基因的表达。结果表明,在此诱导过程中,作为胚胎干细胞标志基因Nanog、Sox2表达量持续显著下降,而生殖细胞特异性基因Dazl、Stra8、c-kit、integrin α6表达量呈持续上升趋势;免疫细胞化学检测可观察到特异基因相关蛋白的阳性克隆。本研究成功分离出cESCs,可体外培养并保持未分化状态及多能性。10^-5 mol/L RA能够促进cESCs向雄性生殖细胞方向分化,可以引起生殖细胞相应基因的表达,为进一步研究雄性生殖细胞的形成和调控机制提供参考。     

杀虫剂对蛾类昆虫生殖行为影响的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外关于杀虫剂对蛾类昆虫求偶、性信息素合成及释放、定向行为、交配和产卵等生殖行为影响的研究进展。经杀虫剂处理后,许多雌蛾的求偶行为受到抑制、性信息素含量降低,雄蛾对性信息素的反应和交配成功率下降,但药剂对产卵量和卵孵化率没有明显影响。而部分药剂可增强雄蛾对性信息素的反应,刺激雌蛾信息素含量异常增高和使活性组的比例发生漂移。     

草间钻头蛛共生菌多样性测定及沃尔巴克氏体感染对宿主发育历期和性比的影响

为了解草间钻头蛛Hylyphantes graminicola体内共生菌的组成及共生菌对宿主的影响,通过高通量测序技术确定其体内的优势共生菌,采用常规PCR法对草间钻头蛛进行优势共生菌的感染检测,并研究了优势共生菌感染对草间钻头蛛子代的发育历期和性比的影响。结果表明:经高通量测序细菌16S r DNA的V3、V4区,确定草间钻头蛛的优势共生菌为沃尔巴克氏体Wolbachia和Cardinium。167头被检测蜘蛛中,Cardinium的感染率为100.00%,沃尔巴克氏体的感染率为38.92%。感染沃尔巴克氏体的草间钻头蛛F1代雌蛛的2龄期、3龄期、4龄期和总历期均极显著低于未感染的草间钻头蛛,感染沃尔巴克氏体的草间钻头蛛F1代雌蛛1龄期显著低于未感染的F1代个体,感染和未感染沃尔巴克氏体的草间钻头蛛F1代雌蛛的卵期和5龄期均无显著差异。感染沃尔巴克氏体后,草间钻头蛛F1代雄蛛的1龄期和总历期极显著缩短,2龄期、3龄期和5龄期显著缩短,而卵期和4龄期与未感染沃尔巴克氏体的F1代雄蛛之间无显著差异。另外,沃尔巴克氏体感染极显著提高了草间钻头蛛的子代性比。     

Effects of Treatment of Banana Corms with a Systemic Nematicide

Abstract

Unpared banana corms were dipped in 300 ppm Nemacur P^* for 10 min, 600 ppm for 5 min, and 1200 ppm for 5 s. Pared corms were dipped in 600 ppm for 5 min. Plants from pared corms were slower in growth and gave lower yields than plants from unpared corms. Retardation of growth was observed in plants from corms dipped in 300 ppm for 10 min, and from treated, pared corms, suggesting phytotoxic effects of Nemacur P at these rates of application. No phytotoxic effects were noted in the 600 ppm dip of unpared corms, or with the 1200 ppm dip. The 1200 ppm dip, and 600 ppm dip of pared corms were not effective in controlling nematodes. Best nematode control was obtained from dipping unpared corms in 600 ppm Nemacur P.     

Field trial on the effects of the herbicide MCPA on ixodid ticks

Abstract

Studies were conducted to develop a pheromone‐trap monitoring system for the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius), in sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., fields in four states: Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Texas. The present studies examined the attractiveness of sex pheromone synthesized by two sources (USDA and AgriSense) and pheromone of different purities (75–99%) to weevils in the field. In all but one trial, weevil counts did not differ between traps baited with pheromone from the two sources for each of two doses (10 and 100 μg). Percentages of weevils caught per replicate per sample date were not consistently positively correlated with purity (significant in four of 10 trials); however, slope estimates were steeper in regions with lower trap counts (North Carolina and Louisiana) than in those with higher trap counts (Florida). Because the pheromone will be used to monitor weevils In both weevil‐free and weevil‐infested regions, the use of pheromone with a purity level >99% is most appropriate. The importance of these data in pheromone‐trap monitoring programmes for this weevil worldwide is discussed.     

Determination of sex pheromone traps distances in control of spiny bollworm,Earias insulana Boisduval. (Lep.: Noctuidae) by mass trapping method in cotton fields

Spiny bollworm, Earias insulana Boisduval. (Lep.: Noctuidae), causes huge losses to cotton crops each year. As a relatively hardy species of insect, E. insulana tolerates a wide range of environmental conditions and so is prevalent in many regions of the world. Effect of sex pheromone traps to control spiny bollworm by mass trapping method was studied. Investigation of monthly changes in captures in relation to temperature carried out during 2012 in the Darab region of the Fars Province of Iran. The experiment was carried out in randomised complete blocks design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments used application of the sex pheromone trap at the rates of 16, 20, 24 and 30 traps/ha. The captured male moths were collected and counted every three days. Analysis of the variance of results showed significant differences between time and trap number in the trapping values of E. insulana. Moth populations were observed in the second week of September. The highest and lowest captured insects per hectare were 30 and 16 traps/ha, respectively. The peak captured E. insulana adult males in the sampling period was on 18 November. These results enable forecasting of seasonal E. insulana population peaks, providing additional information vital for the development of a successful, integrated pest-management programme for spiny bollworm.