Purification and characterization of hatching enzyme from flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Using chorion of Paralichthys as a specific substrate, hatching enzyme (HE) from Paralichthys olivaceus (PHE) was purified by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography, and characterized in terms of its molecular weight and enzymatic properties in this study. It was found that the molecular size of PHE is about 34.8 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The PHE had obvious choriolytic activity, which was optimal at pH 7.0 and temperature of 35 °C, respectively. The Km value of the PHE for casein was 4.28 mg ml⁻¹. The PHE was very sensitive to trypsin-specific inhibitors, especially serine protease-specific inhibitors, such as LBTI, SBTI, bestatin and p-APMSF, leupeptin, ovomucoid, PMSF, pepstatin A and TLCK, indicates that it is a trypsin-type serine protease. The PHE was also extremely sensitive to Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, combined with the results that it was inhibited by EDTA in a dose-dependent manner, indicates this PHE is also a kind of metalloprotease.     

Purification of serine carboxypeptidase from the hepatopancreas of Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus and its application for elimination of bitterness from bitter peptides

ABSTRACT:   An acidic serine carboxypeptidase (CPase Tpa) from the hepatopancreas of Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus was purified. Purified CPase Tpa had a molecular mass of 36 kDa on sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and an isoelectric point of 6.0. The optimum pH of CPase Tpa was pH 4.0. In investigating the specificity of CPase Tpa for several peptide substances, it was found that peptides with hydrophobic or bulky amino acid residues at the P₁ position reacted well. The enzymatic activity was almost completely inhibited by p -chloromercuribenzoic acid, monoiodoacetic acid, diisopropylfluorophosphate and HgCl₂. This is the basis for its grouping in the serine carboxypeptidase family (EC 3. 4. 16. 5). The substrate specificity of CPase Tpa can be used to eliminate the bitterness of bitter peptides. In this study, the bitterness-reductive effect using bitter peptides prepared by hydrolyzing soy protein, casein and corn gluten with pepsin or trypsin was tested. The bitterness of soy peptide digested with pepsin was completely eliminated by treatment with CPase Tpa, whereas the bitterness of casein digested with trypsin and corn peptide digested with pepsin were somewhat less efficient. On the basis of these results, it is anticipated that CPase Tpa would be effective in eliminating the bitterness of some bitter peptides.     

昆虫丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂在免疫调节中的作用

丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂是一类分布广泛的蛋白酶抑制剂超家族,能与体内参与各种调控作用的丝氨酸蛋白酶相互制约,形成一定的动态平衡,调节生物体内许多重要的生命活动。该文就近几年来关于昆虫丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂在免疫调节中的研究进展进行综述。     

丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶基因(glyA)的克隆

采用PCR方法从大肠杆菌K12染色体DNA中克隆出1．5kb的DNA片段，并将其与pUCm—T载体连接转入大肠杆菌JMl09中。DNA测序分析证明该片段含有一个完整的丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶基因（glyA)。     

鲤鱼肌肉中胶原蛋白酶的分离纯化与性质分析

利用明胶酶谱法,在鲤鱼肌肉中检测到了一种具有分解胶原蛋白能力的丝氨酸蛋白酶.通过硫酸铵盐析、DEAE-Sephacel和Phenyl-Sepharose等一系列柱层析法,纯化得到了分子质量为70 ku,能够降解胶原蛋白的丝氨酸蛋白酶（Collagenolytic Serine Proteinase,CSP）.性质分析表明,CSP在弱碱性条件下显示活性,最适温度为30℃;丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂特异抑制CSP的活性.CSP能有效地分解鲤鱼肌肉中的I型胶原蛋白,提示其可能在鱼体死后肌肉胶原蛋白降解中发挥着重要的作用.     

家蚕中肠丝氨酸蛋白酶基因对家蚕微孢子虫入侵的响应模式

为探究接种家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis)24与48 h后,家蚕中肠6种丝氨酸蛋白酶基因(serine protease gene, sps)的表达变化趋势,采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR)方法对正常组和微孢子虫感染试验组的6个家蚕中肠丝氨酸蛋白酶基因(编号分别为sp1、sp3、sp5、sp8、sp11和sp12)进行定量分析.结果显示,与正常家蚕中肠内丝氨酸蛋白酶基因的转录水平相比, sp1、sp3、sp5和sp12在接种家蚕微孢子虫24与48 h后均上调表达,其中sp5上调最明显,接种家蚕微孢子虫24与48 h的表达量分别是对照的1.9和1.2倍;sp8和sp11在受微孢子虫感染24 h后表达上调,而48 h后表达量下降.结果表明,丝氨酸蛋白酶(serine protease,SP)参与了家蚕中肠对微孢子虫入侵的免疫反应;不同丝氨酸蛋白酶上调倍数不同,说明不同丝氨酸蛋白酶参与家蚕免疫反应的程度不同;家蚕微孢子虫侵染48 h后,sp8和sp11出现了下调,推测微孢子虫的成功入侵抑制了sp8和sp11的表达.家蚕中肠不同丝氨酸蛋白酶在微孢子虫感染的不同时间的表达变化趋势为进一步研究丝氨酸蛋白酶家族在家蚕微孢子虫与宿主家蚕互作中的作用奠定了基础.     

甘蔗丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶基因的克隆及序列分析

以福农28甘蔗品种为实验材料,电子克隆设计引物,克隆得到了甘蔗丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(serine/threonine kinase,STK)基因的cDNA片段。采用RACE技术克隆获得了甘蔗叶STK基因cDNA的5'及3'端序列,长度分别为750和1000bp。5'、3'端序列与中间片段重叠延伸后总片段长为1133 bp,其中5'UTR为54 bp,3'UTR为254 bp,包含完整的ORF为825 bp,共编码274个氨基酸。开放阅读框架查询器(Open Reading Frame Finder)确定其为丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,通过预测(//cn.expasy.org/tools)该蛋白质分子质量为29.9052 ku,理论等电点为6.36。将其基因序列与NCBI中其他植物的STK进行比对,与高粱、玉米、水稻、短柄草和大麦的相似性分别为97%、94%、89%、89%和88%。     

原料乳中耐冷假单胞菌的种类及其肽酶活力

在冷藏的原料乳中,假单胞菌经常出现并成为主导菌群,其分泌的耐热酶会使原料乳变质。对从原料乳中分离的102株假单胞菌经rpoB基因测序进行菌种分析,用偶氮酪蛋白测试所有假单胞菌在2种培养条件(30℃培养2d或6℃培养8d)下胞外肽酶的蛋白水解活性和耐热性。结果表明:荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)是假单胞菌中最主要的菌种,其次是莓实假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fragi)和假单胞菌sp1 (Pseudomonas sp1)。不同假单胞菌菌种之间的产肽酶能力存在明显差异。大多数荧光假单胞菌(23/41)在不同温度(30℃和6℃)条件下培养后能产肽酶,而大多数的假单胞菌sp1不产肽酶,所有分离的莓实假单胞菌(13/13)只在6℃条件下产肽酶,大多数的假单胞菌所产肽酶都有热稳定性。在6℃培养条件下,荧光假单胞菌菌株M02有最高肽酶活力(11.78ΔA/ (h·mL)),其胞外肽酶最佳催化pH值为6.5,最佳催化温度为40℃。当M02的接种浓度为103 CFU/mL时,6℃培养5d就能使脱脂乳溶液产生沉淀。对耐冷假单胞菌的种类和产肽酶能力进行分析和考察有助于提高原料乳或乳制品的质量和安全性。