耐寒黄苗不结球白菜青星2号的选育

以不育株率达100%、不育度大于95%、性状稳定一致、带有遗传标记的不结球白菜异源胞质雄性不育系黄苗寒青A为母本,以扬州大头矮为父本,选育出具有耐寒特性的不结球白菜杂交组合青星2号,其具有很强的杂种优势和抗寒性,产量为3 306 kg/667 m2,目前已在全国推广种植.     

辐射敏化剂对离子注入小麦生物学效应的影响

采用中国科学院兰州近代物理研究所 2 0 0kV离子注入机产生的不同剂量Fe1+ ,对春小麦新品系 81 52 9种子进行注入并用辐射敏化剂后处理 ,研究其注入效应。结果表明 :①离子注入随注入剂量的增加染色体畸变率呈上升趋势 ;②不同辐射敏化剂后处理对萌发力、染色体畸变率影响程度不同 ;③不同辐射敏化剂对同一剂量Fe1+ 离子注入小麦的染色体畸变率影响的总趋势 :EDTA >秋水仙素 >咖啡因。     

Abstracts of nippon Dozyohiryogaku Zasshi

Aluminum toxicity and boron deficiency are the major factors that limit plant growth and development in acid soils and in B-deficient soils. Root growth inhibition is an early symptom of AI toxicity and B deficiency. Effects of AI and B supply and their interaction on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings were investigated using hydroponics. Fifteen wheat cultivars commonly grown in Bangladesh were used and found to differ considerably in their tolerance to AI toxicity and B deficiency. The relative root length of all the wheat cultivars at 50 µM AI (pH 4.5) ranged from 27 to 71% relative to the control (0 µM AI). Among the cultivars, Inia66 and Kalyansona were found to be the most Al-tolerant and sensitive cultivars, respectively, based on the data of relative root length, malate exudation and AI content of roots. Malate was detected in all the cultivars in the presence of 100 µM AI (pH 4.3). Inia66 exuded a 6-fold larger amount of malate and the AI content of roots was 4 times lower than that in Kalyansona. The vigorous seedling growth was observed at 40 µM B among the series of B treatments. Considerable cultivar differences in response to 40 µM B were observed among the 15 cultivars. Kalyansona was considered to be the most sensitive and Kheri the most tolerant to B deficiency. The interaction effects of B ( 40 and 200 µM) and AI (50 µM) on seedling growth were also examined in Inia66 and Kalyansona. Root growth was inhibited in the presence of Al but B supply especially at 200 µM B in the Kalyansona cultivar caused a slight improvement.     

家鸡胚胎发育过程DNA甲基化的MSAP检测

[目的]检测鸡胚不同发育阶段时的DNA甲基化水平。[方法]以不同发育阶段的家鸡胚胎为试验材料,提取基因组DNA,采用甲基敏感扩增片段多态性（methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism,MSAP）技术对其甲基化水平进行了初步检测。[结果]共发现甲基化位点880个,CCGG位点单链外侧的胞嘧啶甲基化位点比例为20．48％,双链CCGG位点的内侧胞嘧啶甲基化19．30％,两者总比例为39．78％。[结论]鸡胚发育过程,DNA甲基化随着胚胎的发育呈升高趋势。     

丁烯氟虫腈对小菜蛾的生物活性及田间防治效果

为系统地评价新药剂丁烯氟虫腈对小菜蛾的生物活性及环境因素对其应用效能的影响,在室内,建立了丁烯氟虫腈对小菜蛾幼虫的敏感毒力基线,测定了丁烯氟虫腈对小菜蛾卵的活性,测定了温度、龄期对其生物活性的影响以及对小菜蛾3龄幼虫的持效性,并进行了田间防治试验。结果表明,丁烯氟虫腈对小菜蛾具有较高的触杀毒力,48hLD50为0.45μg/头。用64mg/L丁烯氟虫腈药液浸渍,对小菜蛾卵的孵化抑制率为46.24%,且初孵幼虫存活率明显降低;丁烯氟虫腈对小菜蛾1～2龄幼虫的毒力较高,3龄以后随虫龄增大,敏感性降低;温度对丁烯氟虫腈毒力发挥有显著影响,表现明显的正温度系数效应,温度从15℃上升到32℃,毒力增强15.49倍。持效性试验表明,64mg/L丁烯氟虫腈对小菜蛾3龄幼虫的校正死亡率在84%～95%之间,持效15天以上。田间试验结果表明,丁烯氟虫腈对小菜蛾具有较好防治效果,以5%丁烯氟虫腈乳油1200倍液施药,药后1天防效达76%以上,药后7天在88%以上,与相同用量的同类药剂氟虫腈无差异显著性。     

Development of broad‐spectrum bacterial blight resistance into thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile lines

Two‐line hybrid rice technology is an effective way to increase rice production and improve rice quality. In this study, three bacterial blight (BB) resistance genes, Xa7, Xa21 and Xa23, were introgressed separately into C815S, a popular thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line to develop five BB‐resistant lines (Hua1005S, Hua1002S, Hua1009S, Hua1006S and Hua1001S) to be resistant against seven races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The two‐line hybrids with heterozygous Xa23 were resistant against seven Xoo strains. But, the hybrids with heterozygous loci for both Xa7 and Xa21 were only resistant against three Xoo strains and were moderately susceptible to the other four strains indicating the role of modifiers influencing the poor expression of dominant BB resistance genes under heterozygous state. Among them, Hua1006S was found to be a promising TGMS line with its higher degree of disease resistance level on account of broad‐spectrum resistance gene Xa23 besides possessing better plant type and rice grain quality features.     

绿鳍马面鲀烂嘴症致病菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为确定绿鳍马面鲀烂嘴症的致病菌及筛选敏感药物,通过平皿划线法将患病组织内的细菌进行分离纯化,得到1株优势菌,命名为QZG3。该菌株在硫代硫酸盐柠檬酸盐胆盐蔗糖琼脂(TCBS)弧菌选择性培养基上为绿色、圆形、黏稠状菌落,经革兰氏染色判断为革兰氏阴性菌;对该菌株的16S rRNA基因进行测序、鉴定,并经系统进化树分析,发现该菌株与阿尔法克弧菌(Vibrio alfacsensis)聚为1支,因此判断该菌株为阿尔法克弧菌。人工回感试验表明,该菌株为绿鳍马面鲀烂嘴症的致病菌;药敏试验结果显示,该菌株仅对氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星两种抗生素高度敏感,对土霉素、青霉素、头孢氨苄、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、四环素以及红霉素均表现出耐药性。因此建议养殖生产上选用氟苯尼考和恩诺沙星进行药物防治。     

水稻光温敏核不育系培矮64S低温下育性表达规律研究

藉人工气候室的人控光温条件 ,对两系杂交水稻不育系培矮 64S在 2 2 .0～ 2 3 .0℃的低温下的育性表达规律进行了连续 2年的跟踪研究。主要结果如下 :1) 2 3 .0℃的低温仅能导致培矮 64S花粉不育度的明显降低 ,而 2 2 .5℃和 2 2 .0℃的低温则不仅能导致花粉不育度的下降 ,而且还能诱导一定程度的自交结实 ;2 )培矮 64S的育性温度敏感终止期为幼穗分化第 6期 (花粉母细胞减数分裂期 ) ,育性温度最敏感期为幼穗分化第 4～ 5期 (雌雄蕊形成期至花粉母细胞形成期 ) ;3 )培矮 64S具有光敏性 ,其临界光长处于 13 5 0～ 13 .3 8h之间 ,光敏温度范围为 2 3～ 2 8℃ ;4 )对于农艺性状已经稳定的高世代培矮 64S而言 ,其控制育性表达的遗传基础尚不纯 ,表现在来源相同的不同株系间或同一株系内不同单株间在低温下育性表达存在显著的差异 ,且低温强度加大 ,这种差异就更为明显     

基于作物生育期灾害敏感指数的旱灾粮食减产量研究

我国是自然灾害频繁发生的国家,自然灾害造成不同程度的粮食减产,是粮食安全的潜在风险源。该文以旱灾为主,将全国各地区作物生育期、不同旱灾强度、发生时间及发生次数进行耦合分析,研究其耦合规律及主要粮食作物在各生育期对灾害的敏感性,并据此计算我国不同地区旱灾减产量并进行风险评价分析。研究表明,冬小麦的返青、乳熟和成熟期,春小麦的分蘖、乳熟和成熟期,玉米的三叶、七叶和成熟期以及水稻的返青、孕穗、乳熟和成熟期均是防灾减灾的关键期,应该加强农田管理,减少灾害损失。旱灾对我国粮食主产区影响较大,粮食减产风险防范关键区主要分布在黄淮海区、长江中下游区。     

粳稻光敏核不育系93—926s的育性转换研究

讨论了粳型水稻光敏核不育系93—926s的育性转换特点及育性转换期,证明93—926s是以光敏为主的不育系,育性转换明显,在天津地区,其不育期在8月初到8月底,育性转换期在8月30日左右,其育性转换临界日照长度为13～14h,临界日平均温度为23.0～24.0℃。