山西省粮食作物对气候敏感性的分析

利用1961-2008年平均气温、降水量等气象要素资料和冬小麦、玉米等主要农作物的产量资料为依据,分析并探讨了山西省粮食作物对气候的敏感性及其资源利用状况。结果表明：山西省近年来粮食作物产量基本都呈增加趋势,而气候生产力在近48年中下降了301.2kg/hm2,其分布从北到南增加,年际变化和年代际变化都比较明显;年平均...     

地表沉陷预测评价模式的灵敏度分析

针对矿区地表沉陷预测评价,以缓倾斜中硬煤层为例分析了概率积分法模式的稳定性。该模型有较好的稳定性,用于缓倾斜煤层的地表沉陷预测,可以满足预测的精度要求。在煤层的倾角、厚度、埋深及综合评价系数中,以综合评价系数的灵敏度最大,是主要控制参数。     

三峡库区消落带湿地土壤有机碳及其组分特征

湿地生态系统土壤有机碳库的组分变化对于全球碳平衡起着极其重要的作用。本研究选取三峡库区消落带湿地3个海拔梯度的土壤,以从未淹没的样地作为对照,研究消落带湿地不同海拔梯度土壤有机碳组分的特征。结果表明:土壤有机碳、易氧化有机碳、水溶性碳水化合物有机碳和和微生物生物量碳均以消落带小于未淹没样地。在消落带,海拔最低、淹没持续时间较长且正处于水位波动期的样地土壤有机碳、易氧化碳和微生物生物量碳显著低于其他样地,而土壤矿化碳显著高于其他样地。相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳与微生物生物量碳(R~2=0.94)的正相关性显著高于与易氧化有机碳(R~2=0.88)、水溶性有机碳(R~2=0.73)及其水溶性碳水化合物(R~2=0.70)之间的正相关性,但是与矿化碳之间无显著的相关性。因此,土壤微生物生物量碳是消落带湿地土壤有机碳随不同海拔梯度变化的最敏感的组分。     

Structural characteristics of a low Arctic tundra ecosystem and the retreat of the Arctic fox

We conducted a large-scale, campaign-based survey in Finnmark, northern Norway to evaluate the proposition that declining Arctic fox populations at the southern margin of the Arctic tundra biome result from fundamental changes in the state of the ecosystem due to climatic warming. We utilized the fact that the decline of the Arctic fox in Finnmark has been spatially heterogeneous by contrasting ecosystem state variables between regions and landscape areas (within regions) with and without recent Arctic fox breeding.Within the region of Varanger peninsula, which has the highest number of recorded dens and the most recent breeding records of Arctic fox, we found patterns largely consistent with a previously proposed climate-induced, bottom-up trophic cascade that may exclude the Arctic fox from tundra. Landscape areas surrounding dens without recent Arctic breeding were here more productive than areas with recent breeding in terms of biomass of palatable and climate sensitive plants, the number of insectivorous passerines and predatory skuas. Even the frequency of unspecified fox scats was the highest in landscape areas where arctic fox breeding has ceased, consistent with an invasion of the competitively dominant red fox. The comparisons made at the regional level were not consistent with the results within the Varanger region, possibly due to different causal factors or to deficiencies in Arctic fox monitoring at a large spatial scale. Thus long-term studies and adequate monitoring schemes with a large-scale design needs to be initiated to better elucidate the link between climate, food web dynamics and their relations to Arctic and red foxes.     

不同生境具抑菌作用的海洋真菌筛选

[目的]为了测定海口沿海海域不同生境的海洋真菌抑菌状况。[方法]从海口西海岸沿线、南渡江入海口以及演丰红树林3个生境分离到162株海洋真菌,通过药敏纸片法测定海洋真菌代谢产物对4株病原细菌的抑菌活性。[结果]82.72%的海洋真菌具有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中分离自红树林生境的海洋具有抑菌作用的程度最高,西海岸生境分离的真菌次之,入海口生境分离的海洋真菌具有抑菌作用的概率相对最低。[结论]从不同生境分离到的海洋真菌,其抑菌效果也不一样。因此,当需要筛选某种活性的海洋真菌时,可到具有较易筛选出该活性的生境中筛选。     

硬粒小麦温光敏雄性不育系DT—94的转育及利用研究简报

利用低温短光照胁迫 ,选出了 DT- 94硬粒小麦温光敏核型雄性不育系 ,同时转育出 DT- 32 84、DT- 199-2 0 1等新的温光敏雄性不育系 ,并筛选出 DT- 94 / 0 2 8、DT- 94 /澳 17等强优势组合 ,为小麦超高产育种开辟了一条新途径。     

Baseline toxicity and stage specificity of recently developed reduced‐risk insecticides chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram to obliquebanded leafroller,Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

BACKGROUND: Studies were designed to assess baseline toxicity of the two recently developed reduced‐risk insecticides chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram to obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and to determine stage‐specific effects of these products on OBLR, so that these new chemicals could be judiciously incorporated into IPM programs by targeting only the most susceptible stages of OBLR. RESULTS: Both chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram were highly effective against neonate OBLR larvae at much lower doses than conventional standard azinphosmethyl. Most of the mortality caused by spinetoram occurred during the 4 day exposure period, while significant delayed mortality was observed as a result of chlorantraniliprole treatment during the 7 day recovery period, indicating that chlorantraniliprole is a slower‐acting compound compared with spinetoram. Unlike broad‐spectrum predecessors, the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole significantly increased with larval age. Similarly, the toxicity of spinetoram increased as larvae grew from neonates to third instars. CONCLUSION: Chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram are highly effective against OBLR larvae, regardless of larval age. Incorporation of these reduced‐risk chemistries into IPM programs for OBLR would lead to effective management of this pest in tree fruit systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

猪链球菌病病原的分离鉴定及药敏试验

采集疑似猪链球菌病的病猪病料,经病原分离培养、生化鉴定、动物试验和药教试验,结果表明所分离的细菌为α溶血链球菌(α-hemolytic streptococci.),该菌对霸王金针、利福平、沙拉噻呋极敏,对替米考星、头孢唑啉钠、氨苄西林钠、猪康2号为高敏.