Studying the function of ecosystem in preventing aeolian dust emission in the dryland areas of China

Aeolian dust emissions can cause many environmental hazards, like accelerating land degradation and desertification, polluting air, harming human health, and so on. The dryland areas of China (DAC) are hot spots of aeolian dust emissions. To date, many efforts have been paid to researching dust emissions processes and effects, but research studies on ecosystems' function in preventing dust emissions are still very limited. In this study, we investigated the function of DAC ecosystems in preventing dust emissions, and the corresponding driving factors through integrated wind erosion modelling system (IWEMS) modelling. The main results indicate that: (1) from 2001 to 2020, the ecosystems of DAC prevented the emission of dust ~40,554 Tg, approximately 15 times as much as the total actual dust emission (~2776 Tg); (2) the function of DAC ecosystems in preventing dust emissions was relatively strong in spring and winter; (3) grassland ecosystems had the strongest function in preventing dust emissions among all the land cover types, avoiding the emission of dust ~20,857 Tg over 2001–2020; (4) dust emission prevention function provided by the DAC ecosystems benefits almost every region of China, which provides a theoretical basis for formulating ecological compensation policies; and (5) the changes in dust emissions were dominated by wind speed in most areas of DAC.     

壳聚糖对艾维茵肉仔鸡免疫机能的影响

试验研究了在饲料中添加不同水平的壳聚糖对肉仔鸡免疫机能的影响。结果表明,2%和3%水平的壳聚糖能够增加肉仔鸡免疫器官指数(P<0.01);添加4%壳聚糖能够提高肉仔鸡全血T淋巴细胞百分率(P<0.05);壳聚糖能够增加肉仔鸡血清球蛋白含量(P<0.01),且以2%添加水平最好。表明壳聚糖能够增强肉仔鸡的免疫功能。     

微生态制剂对仔鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响

研究表明，用不同的微生态制剂饲喂仔鸡，均能促进免疫器官的生长发育，提高免疫器官指数；能明显提高循环抗体的水平和红细胞的免疫功能，因而能促进仔鸡的生长发育，降低料肉比。     

益生素、寡糖对三黄鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响

将1日龄广东三黄鸡160只，随机分成5组，即对照组，试验1组(添加0．3％的益生素)，试验2组(添加0．2％的寡糖)，试验3组(添加0．3％的益生素和0．2％的寡糖)，试验4组(添加0.2％的益生素和0．1％的寡糖)，研究益生素和寡糖对肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能的影响。结果表明：饲料中添加益生素或寡糖均能显著提高肉鸡的平均日增重、饲料转化率、免疫器官指数、白细胞吞噬率及新城疫抗体效价，降低肉鸡死亡率。寡糖的作用效果前4周较明显．而益生素4周后较明显。同时添加益生素和寡糖对提高肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能具有协同作用。     

基于动态模拟模型分析冬小麦干物质积累特征对产量的影响

为揭示冬小麦产量形成与干物质积累的定量关系,2009—2011年利用3个田间试验建立了不同播种期、基本苗、底肥用量、追氮时期和用量、冬前灌水量、返青后灌水量和灌水时期等的冬小麦群体,分析了冬小麦干物质积累过程特征对产量及其构成因素的影响机制和定量关系。冬前干物质积累特征用单株干物重和冬前茎蘖数来表示,越冬后特征由基于相对积温(R_GDDi)的Logistic曲线特征来描述。结果表明,群体干物质积累最大速率、干物质积累速率的2个拐点等特征量与产量及其构成因子有紧密的联系,所建立的关系模型均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。对有关模型进一步用独立样本进行配对t-检验,结果模拟值与实际值差异不显著(P>0.05)。基于相对积温(R_GDDi)的Logistic模型不仅能较好地描述小麦冬后干物质积累过程,而且其曲线特征也能用于分析冬小麦产量及其构成因素的形成规律,以此为基础的产量关系方程可用于冬小麦生产群体调控的理论分析。     

Sliding mode control of robot with dynamic friction and dead zone compensation using fuzzy logic and neural network

Aiming to solve the problem of nonlinear uncertainties LuGre dynamic friction and non-symmetric dead zone in the robot,this paper presents a sliding mode robust robot control algorithm,compensates for the uncertainties of robot manipulator respectively LuGre dynamic friction with fuzzy radial base function (RBF)neural network and asymmetrical dead zone with fuzzy logic,trains parameters of nonlinear dynamic friction and asymmetrical dead zone real-timely and adaptively,to achieve an accurate reproduction of the actual robot system,and proves the Lyapunov stability of the algorithm. The simulation of a two-degree-of-freedom robot manipulator proves that the algorithm improves the trajectory tracking accuracy,the control torque stability and friction torque stability of the robot. Meanwhile,it is found that control moment pulse compensation error,rhombus attractor in the kinetic properties of the friction model of robot manipulator,and lacking of dead zone compensation cause nonlinear kinetic phenomena,such as limit cycle oscillation of control system. And the estimation of ε in the dead zone inverse model plays a decisive role in the accuracy of the system.     

A novel dynamic trust model for network service

A novel dynamic trust model for network service is proposed. The corresponding relationship of trust evaluation and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are introduced in the computations,compounds,and general operations of experience of trust,neighbor recommendation trust and agency recommendation trust,which are based on trust demand attributes. Meanwhile,the trust attributes’ weight factors are determined by precise function proportion,while time series weight factors are defined by the inverse form of exponential distribution. And the trust service is finally distinguished by the result of general trust scoring function and psychological factors. Simulation results show that the model can effectively build trust relationship between entities and restrain attacks from malicious entities.     

城市森林生态服务功能价值评估研究进展

城市森林是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,城市森林生态系统服务功能价值评估是当前城市林业的研究热点,对城市的可持续发展具有重要的指导意义。回顾了城市森林的概念及其发展历程,详细讨论了城市森林生态系统服务功能的内涵、框架体系及其价值评估研究进展,并比较分析了各项服务功能的不同价值评估方法及相关研究情况,最后提出了城市森林生态系统服务功能价值评估研究的未来方向。     

基于AHP的城市绿地应急避难机能评价

以层次分析法为基础,对城市绿地应急避难场所进行实地考察,选取城市绿地应急避难能力为目标层(Z),场所的规划设计(B1)、基础设施条件(B2)、管理维护(B3)为准则层,并相应选取场地周边环境等18个因子为指标层(C),建立AHP评价模型。采用1～9标度法为各因子打分,求出各因子的相对权重和合成权重;邀请专家为避难场所打分,结合合成权重计算出避难场所的应急避难能力得分并划分等级;未达满分的应急避难场所要求要计算出各个因子的影响力并进行排序,找出薄弱环节加以改进。并以福州市温泉公园为例,计算出其综合应急能力为82.7分,属于A级;通过δ值的计算得出:温泉公园的周边环境、应急避难指挥中心、应急物质储备室、监控系统等方面需要进一步改善。