Producer services and growth management of a metropolitan region: the case of Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia

Producer services growth can change the character of a metropolitan region. Achieving that outcome may require the intervention of government, which is not necessarily a simple process as it creates tension between regulatory and developmental roles for government. This paper will address three interrelated issues in connection with the above-mentioned core idea in the context of the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: first, the extent to which the evolution of the Malaysian economy has been felt in the growth of the service sector; second, the way that evolution has led to change in the sectoral and spatial character of Kuala Lumpur; third, government’s responses in terms of spatial planning and management in order to accommodate producer services growth. The experience of the Kuala Lumpur region shows how global market forces and national development policies that influence producer service location and growth can reshape the spatial arrangement of a metropolitan region. Managing the growth of producer services calls for new approaches to manage metropolitan change. An ‘enabling’ model is proposed to replace the present ‘policing’ model of spatial planning.     

Compatibility of crosses between gene pools and evolutionary classes in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The extent of genetic divergence between the Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools and between evolutionary classes (wild, landrace and bred) in Phaseolus vulgaris was explored. The compatibility of crosses was assessed by the frequency with which pollination was successful and the number of seeds in the resulting pod. Mesoamerican genotypes were more effective as pollinators than Andean genotypes, regardless of the gene pool of the female parent. Though certain individual genotypes were more easily pollinated by genotypes of one or other of the gene pools, there was no consistent tendency for pollinations between genotypes within a gene pool to be more successful than those between gene pools. In crosses among wild and landrace genotypes, the landrace genotypes were more easily pollinated. In those among wild and bred genotypes, the bred genotypes were more effective as pollinators, and the number of seeds per pod was greater in crosses between the evolutionary classes than in those within classes. In crosses among landrace and bred genotypes, those within evolutionary classes had higher success rates than those between classes (47.2% vs. 38.9%), and produced more seeds per pod. However, these results do not represent a major barrier between the evolutionary classes. The hypothesis that dwarf-lethal incompatibility in inter-gene pool crosses is controlled by two complementary dominant genes (the DL-gene hypothesis) was tested by comparing the numbers of normal and abnormal plants in the progeny of three-way crosses, and the ratios obtained were consistent with the hypothesis. It is concluded that there is no biological barrier between the two gene pools and that they are distinct because, by accident of ancestry, they are located in geographically isolated and ecologically distinct areas, with different cultural practices and preferences. Research programmes aimed at transferring desirable traits between the gene pools should therefore be encouraged.     

陕西省渭北、陕北粮食生产态势与定位

该文提出了确定区域粮食产量发展目标的“生产单元长时段产量动态分析法”,并根据黄土主原国家试验示范区粮食产量长期动态资料,提出渭北粮食近期８亿ｋｇ增产潜力。旱作粮食单产指标达到４０５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,其中小麦为３７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,玉米为６７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,并指出实现指标的３项指标。     

我国著名水土保持专家张信宝研究员

张信宝研究员,男,1946年生于江苏镇江,1967年南京大学地质系毕业后,分配至中科院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所.1992年被中科院特聘为研究员,现任山地农业与侵蚀研究中心主任,兼任中科院西安黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室客座研究员,四川联合大学客座教授,中国水保学会滑坡泥石流专业委员会常委、小流域综合治理专业委员会委员,中国地理学会地貌专业委员会委员,中国土壤学会土壤侵蚀专业委员会委员,<土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报>、<第四纪研究>、<山地研究>和<长江水土保持>诸杂志编委.1983～1986年在新西兰森林研究所工作期间,被聘为一级地学科学家.     

基于GIS的区域水土流失定量评价指标研究

系统,综合,宏观地分析了影响水土流失的各个因子,参考考现有水土流失定量研究结果,初步确定了污期降雨量,土壤团粒含量,沟壑密度,坡耕地比例,植被盖度等作为基于ＧＩＳ的区域水土流失定量评价指标,用以建立区域水土流失定量评价数学模型。     

半环对撞流干燥的流体动力学特性分析

进行了半环对撞流干燥流动特性的实验与理论研究。实验测定了物料颗粒在环内的运动速度与停留时间沿运动方向的变化,系统压降随载带率的变化等。计算并讨论了不同工况下物料颗粒在环内的运动速度与停留时间的变化规律、颗粒的最大穿透深度与穿透时间及各种因素对流动特性的影响。研究结果表明,对撞区内气固相对速度较大,是强化半环对撞流干燥的有利场所;适当增加环的直径是强化半环对撞流干燥的有效方法;实际干燥过程中存在一合理的气流速度,使其相应的干燥速率最大,干燥的能耗与费用最低。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区第二副区山坡地土壤侵蚀特征研究

在广泛收集资料的基础上,对黄土丘陵沟壑区第二副区山坡地土壤侵蚀特征以往的研究结论进行了综合分析,结果表明:(1)影响该区山坡地土壤侵蚀的主要因素为降雨、地形及土地利用.(2)该区山坡地土壤侵蚀主要类型为水蚀,主要方式为溅蚀、片蚀、细沟及浅沟侵蚀.(3)该区多年平均侵蚀模数为8373t/km²,其中以坡度大于25°的耕地和植被盖度小于10%的荒草地侵蚀强度最大,年侵蚀模数为18000t/km²,坡度为15～25°的耕地及植被盖度为10%～30%的林草地年侵蚀模数分别为15000t/km²和12000t/km².     

黄土高原丘陵区林草混作研究

在半干旱黄土丘陵区,模仿自然界存在的稀树灌丛、灌丛和稀树草地等植被类型,人工营造稀树灌木林、灌木混交林和混草林,取得了较好的造林效果。由于这些人工群落的适应力强,能保持较长时间的稳定性与生产力,可以广泛推广。营造技术关键在于掌握林木密度与牧草生长年限。     

Rehabilitation of a lignite mine‐disturbed area in the Indian desert

Extensive lignite mining in the Indian (Thar) Desert commenced within the past decade. Accompanying extraction of this valuable resource there have been visible, important environmental impacts. The resultant land degradation has prompted concern from both public and regulatory bodies. This research assesses the success of rehabilitation plans implemented to revegetate a lignite mine‐disturbed area, near the village of Giral in western Rajasthan State. Rehabilitation success was achieved within the environmental constraints of this northwest Indian hot‐desert ecosystem using a combination of: (1) backfilling (abandoned pits) with minespoil and of covering the backfilled‐surfaces with fresh topsoil to a thickness of about 0·30 m; (2) use of micro‐catchment rainwater harvesting (MCWH) technique; (3) soil profile modification approaches; (4) plant establishment methodologies; and (5) the selection of appropriate germplasm material (trees, shrubs and grasses). Preliminary results indicate that the resulting vegetative cover will be capable of self‐perpetuation under natural conditions while at the same time meeting the land‐use requirements of the local people. The minespoil is alkaline in nature and has high electrical conductance. The average content of organic carbon, N, P and K is lower than in the regional topsoil. However, the concentration of Ca, Mg, Na and total S in the minespoil is much higher than in the topsoil. Further, the spoil material has no biological activity. Enhanced plant growth was achieved in MCWH plots, compared to control plots, where minespoil moisture storage was improved by 18–43 per cent. The rehabilitation protocol used at the site appears to have been successful because, in addition to the planted species, desirable native invasive species have become established. This study developed methods for the rehabilitation of lignite mine‐disturbed areas and has also resulted in an understanding of rehabilitation processes in arid regions with an emphasis on the long‐term monitoring of rehabilitation success. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

运用灰色关联度对棉花区试品种的综合评价

运用灰色关联度对河南省１９９３年参加棉花区试的７个品种,从高产,早熟,抗病,优质４个方面共１２个性状进行了分析,综合评定结果表明,新８７０４表现最优,具有高产,早熟,抗病,优质,适应性广等优良特性;中３８９、豫早５１６分别居二,三位。