水稻种子活力综合评价模型的建立

【目的】建立水稻种子活力的数学评价模型 D(x)，旨在为水稻种子活力性状评价、鉴定和遗传改良提供参考。【方法】以 25 份水稻种子为试验材料，通过标准发芽试验、四唑染色鉴定、模拟田间试验和 Q2技术测定水稻种子的多项指标，利用主成分分析结合隶属函数法和多元线性回归对这些指标进行分析，建立种子活力的数学评价模型 D(x)。利用该模型评价不同栽培密度对水稻种子活力的影响。【结果】籼稻的发芽势、发芽率、7 d 芽长、百株鲜质量、田间芽长、田间根长、初始代谢速率（SMR）、萌发启动时间（IMT）、理论萌发时间（RGT）及四唑染色率等指标的平均值均高于粳稻，而 7 d 根长、百株干质量、萌发氧气消耗速率（OMR）的平均值略低于粳稻。在 Q2 检测中，粳稻的 IMT 值、RGT 值等指标则较优。对 13 个水稻种子活力指标进行相关性分析发现，各指标间存在不同程度的相关性，Q2 检测中的 SMR 值与 IMT 值、OMR 值、RGT 值及百株干质量极显著相关，与田间芽长显著相关；OMR 值与 SMR 值、IMT 值、RGT 值极显著相关，与发芽势显著相关。通过逐步回归建立了种子活力综合评价预测模型Y(x)=0.693+0.003X1-0.006X2-0.127X6-0.004X8+0.234X9（R2=0.94），用这 5 个指标得到的活力预测值（Y）与田间出苗率在参试材料之间的次序基本一致，且两者高度相关（r=0.83），说明用该回归方程可有效预测水稻种子活力。【结论】可选择发芽势、发芽率、百株干质量、OMR 值和 IMT 值这 5 个单项指标作为评价种子活力的依据。     

种子园配置设计的计算机处理系统

借助计算机辅助进行种子园配置设计，根据不规则山地的定植图，模拟出完全随机、完全随机区组、顺序错位、雌雄区组、平衡不完全区组、拉丁方、矩形区组方、约束随机区组、约束更换区组等设计方案，供使用者选择．软件设计为中文菜单式人机对话形式，应用计算机辅助设计（ＣＡＤ），复盖和编译等优化技术．经过实际运行结果表明，此系统功能较强，适用性及通用性好，运行速度快，比手工配置效率提高几十倍．     

花生品种抗黄1号高产栽培技术

采用播期(A)、穴粒数(B)、穴距(C)、纯氮量(D)四因素三水平的正交试验设计,研究抗黄1号的高产配套栽培技术,试验结果表明,各因素的产量效应排序为C>A>B>D,穴距和播期是影响抗黄1号产量的关键因子,其次是穴粒数,影响最小的是纯氮量。最优处理组合为A3B3C1D1,同时,还就各因素对产量结构、植株性状、生育进程等生理特性的影响作了简要分析。     

种子管理工作如何适应新形势

分析在新形势下种子管理工作出现的新情况、新问题，提出理顺种子管理站与农业综合执法大队、种子公司（与管理站分开的）、民营种子企业等关系，增加品种权保护、技术培训、信息服务三项工作内容．创新市场、质量、品种三个管理。     

用优良度估测种子发芽率的研究

用冲天柏等7种云南主要造林树种154批种子的优良度与发芽率作对比试验，发现优良度与发芽率之间存在着极明显的相关关系，据此建立的直线回归方程，可在1d内估测出种子的发芽率，冲天柏类：y=-0．36 1．00x；云南松类：y=-5．8 0．88x；华山松类：y=-27．6 1．16x，用方程估测的种子发芽率与实际发芽率之间的误差不超过GB2772—1999规定的容许误差。     

冬种马铃薯免耕栽培种薯消毒方法试验

马铃薯免耕稻草覆盖栽培种薯消毒方法试验结果表明,采用生石灰拌种、克露500倍溶液浸种10min、1000g双飞粉＋20g甲基托布津＋20g多菌灵＋1g新植霉素混合粉剂（自制消毒剂）拌种、50%多菌灵500倍溶液浸种10min、70%百菌清500倍溶液浸种10min和500倍高锰酸钾溶液浸种10min等六种消毒方法,均能取得较好的增产效果,比种薯不经消毒处理直接播种增产45.6%～3.3%;从综合效果看,尤以生石灰拌种、克露浸种和多菌灵浸种处理较好,表现为出苗快、成苗率高、产量高、商品率高。     

Soil steaming to reduce intrarow weed seedling emergence

Steaming the soil prior to crop establishment can be a very effective method of preventing weed seedling emergence on raised beds of vegetable crops. However, current mobile steaming technology for outdoor vegetables is characterized by an extremely high energy consumption and a low work rate. This has led to the concept of band-steaming, where only a limited soil volume is steamed corresponding to the intrarow area of a row-grown vegetable crop. Weeds growing in the intrarow area are difficult to remove by traditional non-chemical means, usually involving substantial input of manual labour in organic cropping. This paper presents the initial results from laboratory studies with steaming a limited soil volume simulating a band. The investigations describe the relationship between maximum soil temperature achieved from soil steaming for different periods and effects seen on subsequent weed seedling emergence. The relationships obtained were generally sigmoid and could appropriately be described by a common dose–response function. Seedling emergence from natural weed species was reduced by 90% when the maximum soil temperature reached 61°C, and a further 10°C rise in temperature gave 99% reduction. Added and non-imbibed seeds of Lolium perenne and Brassica napus generally required higher temperatures to achieve the same control level as the natural weeds in the soil samples.     

苹果幼果种子生长发育的观察

试验以红富士，乔纳金苹果为试材，观察其种子的生长发育动态。结果表明，盛花前胚珠生长很慢，盛花后种子生长速度加快，红富士苹果种子纵横径分别在盛花后１７ｄ，２２ｄ，生长速率在室高峰，到盛花后４０ｄ，５３ｄ纵横径基本停长。乔纳金苹果种子在盛花后２２ｄ纵横径生长速率到高峰，盛花后５４ｄ纵横径基本停长。红富士苹果盛花后３４ｄ种子退化率达到高峰，退化率为２５％，乔纳金苹果种子退化速度快，速率高，在盛花后...     

Seed Yield and Yield Contributing Characters as Influenced by N Supply in Rapeseed-mustard

Brasisca Juncea , cv. Pusa Bold, and B. campestris , cv. Pusa Kalyani, were raised under field conditions with varying levels of N supply from 0–120 kg ha^-1. The production profile of branches and pods thereon was measured, per unit area basis, throughout the crop ontogeny. At maturity, data on the yield contributing characters, viz. pod dry weight, pod number, seed number per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed wall ratio and seed yield in different order branches, was recorded.
The branching pattern and the number of pods produced on different order branches, in the two species, was favourably modified by the increasing levels of N supply. Primary and secondary branches contributed to the seed yield to an extent of 80 % of the total yield. Nitrogen treatment had no significant effect on 1000 seed weight. B. juncea exhibited significantly higher yield over B. campestris. N supply up to 120 kg ha ^-1 linearly increased seed yield in both the species. However, it exerted a negative effect too partitioning of assimilates from pod wall to seed. The study indicated that rapeseed-mustard, grown under short winter-season environment with adequate soil moisture, has the potential for higher N-fertilizer optima exceeding 120 kg ha ^-1.