杂交稻新品种泸优637高产制种技术

介绍了杂交稻新品种泸优637高产制种技术：制种基地选择与隔离，合理安排父母本播种差期，构建父母本高产群体，采取综合措施提高异交结实率，严格去杂去劣，做好病虫防治，确保种子质量。     

Effect of thinning flower buds on fruit and seed traits and root yield of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, commonly known as ginseng, is a perennial herb. Agricultural practices have an influence on growth and yield of P. ginseng plants. Effect of thinning flower buds (treatment A (TA) the outermost whorl of flower buds in the umbels was retained while all other buds were excised; treatment B (TB) the two outer whorls of flower buds in the umbels) on fruit traits, which include number of fruits per plant, single fruit: double fruit ratio, fruit weigh (FW) per square meter, weight of 100 fruits, vertical length of fruit (VLF), horizontal diameter of the fruit (HFD) and thickness of the fruit (TF), seed traits, which include number of seeds per square meter, weight of 1000 seeds, number of different seed grading categories (extremely large seeds (ELS), large seeds (LS), medium-sized seeds (MS), small seeds (SS)) per square meter, vertical length of the seed (VLS), horizontal diameter of the seed (HSD), thickness of the seed (TS), and the root yield and total ginsenosides content of root of four- and five-year-old cultivated P. ginseng was studied in Fusong region of north-eastern China. The results showed that the FW and VLF, the weight of 1000 seeds, number of ELS per square meter, VLS and HDS of ELS, HDS and TS of MS and root yield were increased significantly by TA and TB (p < 0.05), whereas the number of MS and SS were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in four- and five-year-old plants. The number of ELS and LS in TB and control were higher than that of in TA, and not significant was observed between TB and control. The root yield in TB was significantly higher than that in control of five-year-old plants. Number of the seeds per square meter of five-year-old plants was higher than that of four-year-old plants. The results indicated that the method of thinning flower buds, which was the two outer whorls of flower buds in the umbels, on five-year-old cultivated P. ginseng plants was a favourable method to promote the production of high-quality seeds and maximise the root yield.     

先进的牧草种子收获和加工工艺及装备应用前景探讨

论述了牧草种子收获和加工特点、先进的加工工艺及先进的装备。在分析国内现状的基础上，提出了我国牧草种子收获和加工未来重点开发和研究的对象。     

关于市场经济下的种子产业化问题

通过对种子市场经济形势分析，阐述子实施种子产业化战略，建立种子产业化经济体系，引进市场机制，增强社会化服务的基本思路，提出了种子产业化的实现调控机制，为探讨了了体所长节依据。     

大豆种子抗劣变性的鉴定方法研究

以抗种子劣变性不同的５个栽培大豆和５个野生大豆品种为材料，比较了高温湿（相对湿度１００％，温度４０℃）条件下贮藏３天、７天、１０天和１４天及２０％的甲醇浸泡２小时等５种种子加速第化方法鉴定了种子抗劣变性的效果。结果表明，高温高湿老化７－１０天和２０％的甲醇浸泡２小时，可鉴定出大豆种子抗劣变性。     

沙棘沸水烫种快速催芽方法及其应用

用80-100℃沸水烫种,对沙籽种细胞膜的透性伤害率极低,可忽略不计。早春3月中下旬2-3d沸水烫种2-3次,然后室内闷种2-3d,播种后5-7d即可发芽,较温水浸种、混砂堆藏等常规催芽方法,提早发芽出苗10-15d,配合应用GA3液浸种则苗木速生效果好。     

硬实种子碰撞机设计

针对部分牧草种子存在的硬实现象,介绍了牧草种子播种前解除硬实的常用方法;分析了机械方法解除种子硬实的优点,利用机械设计及轻微碰撞理论,进行了硬实种子处理碰撞机总体设计.通过改变碰撞机叶轮转速,可以获得具有合适擦伤度的牧草种子,满足提高种子渗透性和发芽率的要求.     

Dynamic Development of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Rice Plant by Artificial Inoculation in the Greenhouse

A study was done on the relationship between Aphelenchoides besseyi and the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. This is an important rice disease in Jiangsu Province, China. A. besseyi was extracted from small grains and erect panicles and cultured artificially, and then inoculated into bud and leaf sheaths of seedlings of two Oryza sativa cultivars, namely Zhendao 2 and Wuyunjing 7 in a greenhouse. The effect on rice growth, in particular the small grains and erect panicles, was revealed by the extent of the disease, seed expansion stages, nematode load, and nematode mortality. In contrast to healthy seedlings, the height, length, and the numbers of spikelets of unhealthy panicles of Zhendao 2 were decreased by 6.7, 16.4, and 13.5%, respectively. Before anthesis, nematodes were attracted to the leaf sheath and apical meristem, nematode load increased by 40%; after anthesis, nematodes occurred in spikelets principally and the number increased by 90.8%. The percentages of infected seeds and nematode load were highest in plump seeds and lowest in empty seeds. Nematode mortality on grain with normal endosperm was lower than seeds with abnormal endosperm. Results indicated that A. besseyi was the pathogen in rice with the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. Wuyunjing 7 manifests only the small grains and erect panicles symptoms and not the symptoms of leaf white-tip. These symptoms of small grains and erect panicles are new symptom records for the disease caused by A. besseyi on rice.     

多花黑麦草幼穗分化进程对种子生产性状的影响

两年分期播种试验结果表明，多花黑麦草幼穗分化进程对穗部性状和种子产量有显著影响。幼穗分化的天数与每穗种子粒数呈极显著正相关。播种愈早，幼穗分化天数愈多，种子产量愈高。南京地区留种的多花草麦草的最佳播期为８月２０日至９月１０日。二棱期是多花黑麦草通过春化阶段的形态标志，也是幼穗能否分化完全的转折点。单棱至护颖分化期是影响种子粒数最关键的时期。     

塑盘旱育抛秧技术在杂交稻制种上的应用

太湖县在杂交稻制种母本上应用塑盘旱育抛秧技术，１９９６年平均单产２．７６ｔ／ｈｍ２，比对照常规制种增产１０．６４％；１９９７年平均单产３．３１ｔ／ｈｍ２，比常规制种增产１５．８％。应用关键技术是培育健壮秧、抛足基本苗、合理安排播差期。