Pleistophora infestation in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque)

Pleistophora infestation was observed in adult fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, held under laboratory conditions. Fish were clinically healthy, and presented no gross findings at necropsy. Histopathology revealed parasitic stages only in the ovaries. Spores within sporophorous vesicles were mainly encountered in late vitellogenic oocytes and were ultrastructurally identified as a microsporidian parasite. Heavily parasitized oocytes underwent degeneration followed by the release of spores into the ovarian interstitium. Degenerating oocytes and interstitial spores caused ovarian inflammation. Male fish showed no parasites in the testes. Parasitic infestation was compared with body length, body weight, gonadal weight, gonadosomatic index and plasma vitellogenin levels, and revealed no statistically significant differences between non-parasitized and parasitized females. The isolated holding conditions of the fish and the presence of parasitic stages in the ovaries suggested that an infestation with Pleistophora ovariaeSummerfelt, 1964 was more probable than that with Pleistophora mirandellae (Vaney & Conte, 1901).     

Effects of mechanical and chemical methods on weed control,weed seed rain and crop yield in maize,sunflower and soyabean

Eight field experiments with maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were carried out in central Italy in order to evaluate the effects of mechanical and chemical methods (spring-tine harrowing, hoeing, hoeing-ridging, split-hoeing, finger-weeding, herbicides in the row + inter-row hoeing, herbicides broadcast) on weed control, weed seed rain and crop yield. The choice of chemical and mechanical treatments in maize and soyabean compared to sunflower, required to be managed more carefully in order to maximize the weed control reducing yield losses. A global rating of weed control methods, based on their weed control efficacy, was obtained as useful means to assist farmers and technicians to choose the more appropriate weed control method. The combination of herbicides intra-row and hoeing inter-row gave best efficacy (on average 99% of weed control), with a 50% reduction in the chemical load in the environment. Hoeing-ridging gave good results, both inter- and intra-row (on average 93% of weed control); this method was also effective in reducing competitive ability and seed production of uncontrolled weeds. Split-hoeing or finger-weeding showed some limitations giving satisfactory results only when combined. Harrowing gave lowest weed control, although when combined to other mechanical methods, can help achieve a better efficacy.     

水稻基质育秧不同播种量对秧苗素质和产量的影响

为探索有机基质料培育标准化壮秧技术,以武运粳23号和＂科杰＂牌基质为材料,采用田间试验方法,研究了5种不同播种量水平对水稻秧苗地上部与地下部性状、大田茎蘖动态及产量的影响。结果表明,随着播种量增加,秧苗地上部和地下部性状差异较大,在播种量为120-210 g/盘范围内,叶绿素含量、盘结力和根系活力则随着播种量增加而增加,在播种量为150-180 g/盘时基质料育出的秧苗更有利于培育健壮的机插秧苗,具体表现为增穗、增粒作用,可以在大面积范围内推广应用。     

立足生态资源优势,大力发展水稻制繁种基地

在国家要求加快推进现代种业发展的形势下,地处浙西南山区的遂昌,利用当地生态资源,以注重强化组织领导、注重管理机制创新、注重科技攻关、注重质量监管、注重扶持激励等为举措,合力建设水稻制繁种基地县。     

四川省水稻种业知识产权保护现状及发展对策研究

以四川省2000-2012年水稻种业核心知识产权(水稻品种权和水稻发明专利)保护与管理状况为研究对象,重点对水稻核心知识产权的申请量、授权量、申请机构及技术领域分布等信息进行分析。在此基础上,探讨了四川水稻种业知识产权保护管理中存在的问题,并提出促进四川水稻种业知识产权保护的对策与建议。     

复硝酚钠对低温下黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗耐寒性的影响

为缓解低温胁迫对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)幼苗的伤害,以黄瓜中农106为试验材料,研究不同浓度复硝酚钠(CSN)浸种对低温胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发及萌发后生长的影响,以及CSN灌根处理对黄瓜幼苗壮苗效果及幼苗耐寒性的影响。结果表明,适宜浓度的CSN浸种能显著提高低温胁迫下黄瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、侧根数和鲜重,以50 mg·L^-1浓度效果最佳。在黄瓜育苗过程中,100 mg·L^-1的CSN灌根处理能显著提高穴盘苗质量和壮苗指数,低温胁迫下CSN通过促进矿质元素吸收,提高幼苗叶绿素含量、净光合速率、根系活力、可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性,提高生长素(IAA)和油菜素内酯(BR)含量,降低活性氧和丙二醛(MDA)含量以提高幼苗的耐寒性。本研究为培育黄瓜壮苗和提高黄瓜幼苗耐寒性提供了新方法,也为复硝酚钠在设施蔬菜上的应用提供了技术支持。     

风沙黄土区排土场不同恢复类型植物群落与土壤种子库特征

风沙黄土区排土场作为一种人造生态系统,自然条件恶劣,土壤贫瘠,植被恢复困难。为了探明有效的人工促进植被恢复措施,采用植被调查与种子库萌发试验相结合的方法,通过研究不同植被类型地上植物群落与土壤种子库特征及二者的关系,探讨了其植被恢复效益及潜力。结果表明:研究区人工植被恢复下地上植物群落中共47种植物,分属16科40属,土壤种子库共14种植物,分属5科13属,其中均以禾本科、菊科、藜科、豆科占主导地位; 灌木植被的地上植被和土壤种子库的物种多样性均表现为最优; 地上植被与土壤种子库密度的变化范围为88.48～495.47株/m²,74.74～1422.91粒/m²,且均在草地类型下最大。土壤种子库和地上植被的相似性普遍较低,相似性系数仅为0.16～0.23。因此,风沙黄土区排土场的植被恢复与重建需要加强保护与管理,可以考虑构建以草灌配置为主的人工植被恢复模式,保障群落的恢复潜力,并提高群落多样性与稳定性,亦可考虑引入外源种子库提升群落恢复的潜力。     

不同种质茶叶籽皂素含量及组成分析

茶皂素是一类在山茶科植物种子中含量丰富且具有特异生物活性的化合物,但不同种质茶叶籽中皂素含量及组成尚不清晰。以浙江省同一地区采集的21个茶树品种（系）的茶叶籽为试验材料,对茶叶籽的基本特征、皂素含量及组成进行测定和分析。结果表明,不同品种（系）的茶叶籽的百粒质量、壳仁比、皂素含量均有显著性差异（P<0.05）。紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测得21个茶树品种（系）的茶叶籽的皂素含量范围分别为30.82%~48.16%和16.93%~31.82%,其中黄观音的茶叶籽皂素含量最高。利用高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电轨道阱质谱（UHPLC-Q-Exactive/MS）同时检测出68种茶叶籽皂素单体,其中Theasaponin E1的峰相对强度最大。正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）显示,21个品种（系）的茶叶籽以树型为依据被明显地划分为2组,组间差异单体物质有21种。结合相关性分析,高积累的Theasaponin E12、Camelliasaponin B1/B2、Theasaponin A5/A6、Camelliasaponin C1/C2和Assamsaponin G可能是灌木型种质资源有别于小乔木型、乔木型种质资源的重要特征物质。研究结果为生产茶叶籽皂素原料的选择和高值化利用奠定了基础。     

花生覆膜栽培技术要点

根据农机与农艺相结合的原则,从地块选择、种子处理、地膜选用、铺膜要求、田间管理、除草、收获等方面,探讨花生覆膜栽培技术要点,为提高花生的产量和品质提供理论参考。     

杉木3代种子园良种与1.5代种子园良种营建林对比试验

以杉木3代种子园和1.5代种子园良种营建对比试验林,对试验林11、21、34、45个月生的生长量进行调查分析,结果表明：杉木3代种子园良种生长显著优于1.5代种子园良种。其林分45个月生时,平均树高、胸径、单株立木材积分别为4.26m、5.97㎝、0.0083m3,分别比对照大53.24%、88.92%、336.84%,且林分整齐性优于杉木1.5代种子园良种。