贮藏时间对马铃薯杂交实生籽发芽率的影响

用2003-2008年这6 a所制的马铃薯杂交实生种子做发芽试验。试验结果表明,刚过休眠期的种子发芽率高,而贮藏时间长或是未过休眠期的种子发芽率低,随贮藏年限的增加,发芽率逐渐降低。     

民勤荒漠区主要植物的物候特性与牧草利用

通过设置样方、样点和运用物候观测,对退化荒漠植物群落进行轻度放牧利用分析,即运用植被状况与降水量的关系,分析限制植物生长的因素;运用不同稳定性沙丘的植被状况和土壤种子库资料,分析荒漠草地的可利用性和可利用程度;运用物候资料分析民勤荒漠区(灌木和草本植物)牧草利用的主要季节。结果表明:民勤荒漠草地土壤种子库中植物种子丰富,影响当地植物密度和植被盖度的关键因素是降水,可进行轻度放牧。轻度放牧时,要依据牧草展叶盛期的开始序列和果熟期的开始序列选择植物群落,实行小规模、间歇式轮牧。展叶盛期为一年中牧草的第1个利用季节,果熟期为一年中的第2个利用季节。     

Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-external-input farming systems

Greater adoption and refinement of low-external-input (LEI) farming systems have been proposed as ways to ameliorate economic, environmental and health problems associated with conventional farming systems. Organic soil amendments and crop diversification are basic components of LEI systems. Weed scientists can improve the use of these practices for weed management by improving knowledge of four relevant ecological mechanisms. First, multispecies crop rotations, intercrops and cover crops may reduce opportunities for weed growth and regeneration through resource competition and niche disruption. Secondly, weed species appear to be more susceptible to phytotoxic effects of crop residues and other organic soil amendments than crop species, possibly because of differences in seed mass. Thirdly, delayed patterns of N availability in LEI systems may favour large-seeded crops over small-seeded weeds. Finally, additions of organic materials can change the incidence and severity of soil-borne diseases affecting weeds and crops. Our research on LEI sweetcorn and potato production systems in central and northern Maine (USA) suggests that these mechanisms can reduce weed density and growth while maintaining crop yields. Low-external-input farming systems will advance most quickly through the application of interdisciplinary research focused on these and other ecological mechanisms.     

An analysis of the persistence and potency of film‐coated seed protectant as influenced by various storage parameters

BACKGROUND: An efficient delivery system for seed‐protectant chemicals is needed in light of several disadvantages of conventional seed treatment methods. This study evaluates the efficacy of film‐coat application in maintaining the persistence and potency of imidacloprid on Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill. seeds after simultaneous storage under ambient and regulated environment in paper and aluminium packages. RESULTS: High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed 0.135 mg kg^?1 of herbage material to be the threshold value beyond which absolute control was obtained, and with film coating the latter was achieved even with half‐dosage seed treatment, irrespective of the storage condition. The technique provided early protection to the crop and also nullified the deleterious effects of ambient storage on the persistence and potency of the pesticide. CONCLUSION: Film coating enabled superior pesticide dosage as well as higher biological efficacy to be achieved. Hence, in addition to being an ecofriendly alternative, the technique would be a more economically viable option for storage of treated seeds. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

南方红豆杉种子透性及甲醇浸提液的生物测定

对南方红豆杉种子休眠原因进行研究。结果表明:南方红豆杉种皮的透水性不是引起休眠的主要原因。南方红豆杉种子各部分的甲醇浸提液作生物测定,表明种子的内种皮、中种皮及胚乳均含有某些抑制物质,对白菜苗高和根长的生长有一定的抑制作用。其中以内种皮的抑制能力为最高,胚乳次之,中种皮最少。表明南方红豆杉种子的胚乳、内种皮和中种皮存在的多种有机化合物是造成南方红豆杉种子休眠的主要原因之一。     

草坪型多年生黑麦草生殖特性及种子产量构成的研究

草坪型多年生黑麦草开花持续期为 33d ,一般情况下穗轴中部的小穗先开花 ,以后逐渐向顶部和基部发展 ;一个花序上的小花开花大部分集中在前 6d ,大约占 89 3% ;多年生黑麦草花后 2 6～ 2 7d ,小穗干重最大 ,其含水量为 41 1 5 % ,种子不易落粒 ,为种子适宜收获期。在种子生产方面 ,构成因子 (株穗数 ,小穗数 )与影响因子 (株高 ,叶重 )共同对草坪型多年生黑麦草的种子产量起作用     

UV-B辐射对三种常见高原牧草种子萌发及出苗的影响研究

采用人工紫外线辐射(UV-B)增强处理多年生牧草品种冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila Keng).、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb).和中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis Keng)种子,测定其发芽率、苗长、胚根/胚芽比值,以研究UV-B辐射对牧草种子萌发及出苗的影响。结果表明:紫外线增加0.50 W.m2时,对三种牧草种子的发芽率、苗长和胚根/胚芽的影响均不明显;增加1.00 W.m2时,对三种牧草种子的发芽率有影响但均不显著;对3种牧草种子的苗长和胚根/胚芽的影响显著;增加1.25 W.m2时,3种牧草中的发芽率差异不显著,而幼苗和胚根/胚芽值差异均显著。3种牧草的影响程度由大到小依次为:中华羊茅、垂穗披碱草、冷地早熟禾,说明增加UV-B辐射不会影响到高寒草地上主要禾草的种子萌发。     

坝上地区孤石牧场土壤种子库与地上植被的关系

为探讨退耕地植被恢复过程和植被稳定性,采取土壤采样分析与现场植物测定相结合的方法,研究坝上孤石牧场退耕地和过牧地上植被与种子库的变化特征.结果表明:1)退耕地地上植被与土壤种子库物种多样性高于过牧地,退耕地正处于一年生草本植物向多年生草本恢复演替阶段;2)退耕地地上植被与土壤种子库物种丰富度大于过牧地地上植被与土壤种子库的丰富度;3)地上植被与土壤种子库共有种数在退耕地上较多,在过牧地上较少,从而导致了地上植被与土壤种子库群落组成的相异性增大.     

我国西北地区苜蓿种子产业化发展优势与对策

我国西北地区发展苜蓿种子产业不仅具有得天独厚的资源优势,而且还具有较好的经济效益和巨大的生产潜力。由于长期对苜蓿种子生产不重视,苜蓿栽培历史虽然悠久,但迄今苜蓿种子生产同有形成较大规模的产业,种子商品化极低,种子生产资源优势还没有转变为经济优势,只有加快苜蓿种子产业化步伐,才能改变目前西北地区苜蓿种子生产的落后局面。     

高寒退化草地恢复中种子包衣对出苗的影响

采用植物性吸水材料对垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutant)和山野豌豆(Vicia amoena)种子进行包衣处理,在模拟高寒草地条件下观察包衣种子的出苗,同时测定包衣混合物的持水力.结果表明,最适条件下两种牧草种子的出苗率分别为86%和88%;在模拟条件下,种子的出苗率分别为38%和24%.经过包衣处理后,种子的出苗...